Cottonseed with a high (+)- to (-)-gossypol enantiomer ratio favorable to broiler production     

Bailey CA  Stipanovic RD  Ziehr MS  Haq AU  Sattar M  Kubena LF  Kim HL  de M Vieira R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(11):5692-5695

This study was designed to evaluate the relative toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol enantiomers in 0-3-week-old broilers. Treatments consisted of broiler starter diets formulated with either a glandless, which did not contain gossypol, a commercial glanded [62. 2% (+)-gossypol], or a glanded moco [83.2% (+)-gossypol] crushed cottonseed (CCS) (six replicates/treatment) plus a soybean meal negative control. Glandless cottonseed was mixed with the moco cottonseed (2.4% free gossypol) so that both the commercial glanded and moco glanded cottonseeds contained equivalent concentrations of free gossypol (2.0%). The cottonseed treatments were added at 5 and 10% of the diet. Body weights and feed conversions were determined weekly. Body weights and feed-to-gain ratios of broilers fed 5 and 10% glandless CCS and 5% moco CCS were not significantly different. Broilers receiving 10% commercial glanded CCS weighed significantly less than those subjected to all other treatments. Feed-to-gain ratios were significantly higher for broilers receiving 10% commercial glanded and 10% moco CCS as compared to 5% moco and glandless CCS, 10% glandless CCS, and control. Relative liver weights of birds receiving 10% moco CCS were significantly less than those of birds receiving 10% commercial CCS. The data clearly showed that broilers fed moco CCS containing a relatively high (+)- to (-)-gossypol enantiomer ratio performed better than broilers receiving commercial CCS with a lower (+)- to (-)-gossypol enantiomer ratio.  相似文献   

炎热季节不同代谢能和粗蛋白水平对肉鸡生产性能的影响     

Zaman Q U  Mushtaq T  Nawaz H  Mirza M A  Mahmood S  Ahmad T  Babar M E  Mushtaq M M H 《饲料博览》2008,(10):38-39

试验旨在研究炎热夏季不同代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白（CP）水平对肉鸡生产性能的影响。选择1日龄宝星肉仔鸡600只（公母比例为1：1）,并平均分配到30个试验组（公母比例为1：1）。试验采用2x3因素设计,代谢能水平分别为12．13和12．55MJ·k^-1,粗蛋白水平分别为190、210和230g·kg^-1共6个处理。低蛋白饲粮补充晶体氨基酸以满足其必需氨基酸的需求。每个处理设5个重复,试验期为1～28日龄。试验结束时,从每个重复中随机选择两只鸡测定屠体重、胸肌重、腹脂、肝和胃的重量。随着饲粮ME水平的升高,体重、腹脂和肝脏重量、屠体蛋白质和脂肪含量均显著升高：然而屠体干物质含量降低。饲粮CP对体重、饲料增重比、屠体重、肉中干物质和蛋白含量有二次效应。随着饲粮CP水平的升高,胸肌重和肉中脂肪含量线性升高。低CP（190g·kg^-1）高ME（12．55MJ·kg^-1）饲粮提高体重、采食量、屠体重,并改善饲料增重比;中CP（210g·kg^-1）、低ME（12．13MJ·kg^-1）组饲料增重比最低。高CP、高ME组屠体蛋白质和脂肪含量升高,然而高CP、低ME组肉中干物质含量高。结果表明了饲粮蛋白质和能量之间的相互联系,在不考虑其他因素的情况下不能预测其最适宜水平。总之,在32～39℃环境条件下低CP高ME饲粮能提高肉仔鸡的总体生产性能。  相似文献   

The Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae type IV pilus alignment subcomplex protein PilN contributes to regulation of bacterial surface-associated behaviours and T3SS system     

Yilang Li  Yichao Yan  Songge Deng  Cuiping Zhang  Fazal Haq  Tao Chen  Yingbin Li  Shengzhang Li  Rihuan Yang  Lifang Zou  Gongyou Chen 《Plant pathology》2020,69(4):744-755

The gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is able to infect the host rice and effectively colonize in vascular tissues. The type IV pilus (T4P) is one of the major virulence factors playing an important role in migration of Xoo through host vascular tissues. Here, we identified PilN, a T4P alignment subcomplex protein, which is involved in regulation of swimming motility, and analysed its contribution to bacterial surface-associated behaviours and virulence. We found that the pilN deletion mutant exhibited dramatically reduced twitching motility and scarcely detectable levels of T4P major pili PilA, as well as enhanced biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. In addition, deletion of the pilN gene in Xoo resulted in impaired virulence in host rice and attenuated type III secretion system (T3SS) genes expression, which is independent of PilA assembly. Expression of the relevant pilN gene in trans was capable of restoring twitching motility and biofilm formation to the wild-type levels in the pilN mutant but partially recovering EPS production and virulence. Moreover, the expression of trh and xrvA genes, which encode the HrpG positive regulators, was decreased in the pilN mutant. Our results suggest that PilN executes versatile functions in bacterial virulence and cell surface-associated behaviours.  相似文献   

Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Vegetable Crops     

B. Singh  D. S. Bhatti  K. Singh 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):58-67

Abstract

The development of root-knot nematode resistant vegetable varieties has provided an alternative control method to chemical and crop rotation. The term resistance is discussed. Work on 18 vegetables is reviewed.

Thirty tomato strains resistant to one or more Meloidogyne sp. are listed, there was a marked absence of reports on varieties resistant to M. hapla. Several workers have observed resistance in some cultivated and wild Solanum spp. The resistance could be increased by further sib and backcrossing experiments. Eggplant varieties tested for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. showed varying degrees of resistance in about 14 varieties. Further backcrossing studies between Solanum melongena and S. sysimbrifolium could provide useful results. Tests on resistance to nematodes in pepper have revealed many resistant varieties. All the pepper varieties tested were susceptible to M. hapla. The nature of resistance in sweet potato has been studied. Some varieties of Cucumis spp. have been found to be resistant to Meloidogyne spp. Since no resistance was found in C. melo, these wild species could be used in the development of a commercial muskmelon variety. Tests with 83 watermelon varieties indicated that all varieties were resistant to M. hapla. It was difficult to find resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in Cucurbita, but tests on wild species have yet to be carried out. Work on lima bean, snap bean, pea, soyabean, cowpea and broadbean has produced a limited number of resistant vegetable varieties, which are described. Since resistance patterns in plants may change under different environmental or biological conditions, it is essential to test varieties under these conditions for a long period before they are released for commercial cultivation. The advantages of using resistant vegetable varieties, as compared with other methods of pest control, are outlined.  相似文献   

Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis     

Filipe Natalio  Stefanie Wiese  Norman Friedrich  Peter Werner  Muhammad Nawaz Tahir 《Marine drugs》2014,12(8):4659-4676

Iron, as inorganic ion or as oxide, is widely used by biological systems in a myriad of biological functions (e.g., enzymatic, gene activation and/or regulation). In particular, marine organisms containing silica structures—diatoms and sponges—grow preferentially in the presence of iron. Using primary sponge cell culture from S. domuncula–primmorphs—as an in vitro model to study the Demospongiae spiculogenesis, we found the presence of agglomerates 50 nm in diameter exclusively inside sponge specialized cells called sclerocytes. A clear phase/material separation is observed between the agglomerates and the initial stages of intracellular spicule formation. STEM-HRTEM-EDX analysis of the agglomerates (30–100 nm) showed that they are composed of pseudohexagonal nanoparticles between 5 and 15 nm in size, displaying lattice parameters corresponding to hematite (Fe₂O₃) and mixed iron oxide phases typically attributed to ferritin. Further analysis, using western blotting, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), sequence alignment analysis, immunostaining and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of mature spicule filaments confirm the presence of ferritin within these organic structures. We suggest that S. domuncula can be classified as a dual biomineralizating organism, i.e., within the same cellular structure two distinct biomineralizing processes can occur as a result of the same cellular/metabolic function, spiculogenesis.  相似文献   

Ghrelin-stimulation test in the diagnosis of canine pituitary dwarfism     

Bhatti SF  De Vliegher SP  Mol JA  Van Ham LM  Kooistra HS 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(1):24-30

This study investigated whether ghrelin, a potent releaser of growth hormone (GH) secretion, is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of canine pituitary dwarfism. The effect of intravenous administration of ghrelin on the release of GH and other adenohypophyseal hormones was investigated in German shepherd dogs with congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency and in healthy Beagles. Analysis of the maximal increment (i.e. difference between pre- and maximal post-ghrelin plasma hormone concentration) indicated that the GH response was significantly lower in the dwarf dogs compared with the healthy dogs. In none of the pituitary dwarfs, the ghrelin-induced plasma GH concentration exceeded 5 microg/l at any time. However, this was also true for 3 healthy dogs. In all dogs, ghrelin administration did not affect the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, TSH, LH and PRL . Thus, while a ghrelin-induced plasma GH concentration above 5 microg/l excludes GH deficiency, false-negative results may occur.  相似文献   

Validation of molecular markers for resistance among Pakistani chickpea germplasm to races of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">ciceris</Emphasis>     

Hina Ali  Muhammad Ahsan ul Haq  Tariq Mahmud Shah  Mehboob ur Rahman  Weidong Chen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(2):237-244

DNA markers in chickpea, targetting resistance genes for different races of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (Foc), have been identified in chickpea, but validation of these markers is essential for effective use in resistance breeding. In view of this, different simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were analysed in Pakistani germplasm including induced mutants and some local lines. Most of the SSR markers showed good correlation with phenotypic evaluation of genotypes to different races of Foc and may be used effectively in resistance breeding, except those markers for race 3. Markers for race 3 showed deviations from phenotypic data and the reason might be that race 3 is actually Fusarium proliferatum as reported recently and resistance to this race might involve some other major resistance genes. Poor correlation of markers with foc-3 on LG2 in our study and a recent report of independent segregation of foc-2 and foc-3 in near isogenic lines suggested that linkage distances among different resistance genes need further investigation. Moreover three Pakistani mutant lines (97477, CM444/92 and CM368/93) depicted high levels of resistance to Foc races and can be deployed as a valuable source in resistance breeding programmes.  相似文献   

The influence of 12 years of tillage and crop rotation on total and labile organic carbon in a sandy loam soil   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Y.K. Soon  M.A. Arshad  A. Haq  N. Lupwayi 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,95(1-2):38-46

Information on which management practices can enhance soil organic matter (SOM) content and quality can be useful for developing sustainable crop production systems. We tested the influence of 12 years of no-till (NT) versus conventional tillage (CT), and four crop sequences on the organic C pools of a Grey Luvisolic sandy loam soil in northwestern Alberta, Canada. The crop sequences were: continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.)–wheat–canola (Brassica rapa L.)–wheat, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) green manure–wheat–canola–wheat/red clover and fallow–wheat–canola–wheat. Soil samples from 1992, when the study was initiated, and 1996, 2000 and 2004 were analyzed for total organic C (TOC), the light fraction (LF) and its C content, and water-soluble and mineralizable C. Total organic C in the top 15 cm of soil was higher in the red clover rotation than either the pea or fallow rotation by 1996. The tillage effect became significant only in 2004 with NT having a higher TOC than CT. The LF dry matter (DM) increased from 6.9 g kg⁻¹ soil in 1992 to a range of 10–13 g kg⁻¹ in 2000 and 2004. It was higher under NT than CT in 2 of 3 years and in the red clover rotation than the pea or fallow rotation in 1 of 3 years. The LF C content exhibited a similar trend as LF DM. The water-soluble and mineralizable C pools were not affected by tillage but decreased with time. Among crop rotations, the red clover rotation tended to result in higher levels of hot water-soluble and mineralizable C. It is concluded that tillage had a greater influence than crop rotation on the LF DM and LF C (as indicators of C storage), whereas the converse effect applied to mineralizable C and, to a lesser degree, hot water-soluble C (as indicators of SOM quality).  相似文献   

Dietary pattern, nutrient intake and growth of adolescent school girls in urban Bangladesh     

Ahmed F  Zareen M  Khan MR  Banu CP  Haq MN  Jackson AA 《Public health nutrition》1998,1(2):83-92

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Yield measures of irrigation performance in Pakistan     

M. Akhtar Bhatti  F. E. Schulze  G. Levine 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1991,5(2):183-190

Customary evaluations of irrigation performance based upon crop yield per unit area do not reflect an adequate assessment of performance in water scarce environments such as Pakistan. Yield per unit water is a complementary and sometimes more appropriate measure. This note illustrates the different evaluations based upon yields of irrigated wheat and rice in Pakistan.  相似文献