Status of Biological Control of Plant Diseases with Composts     

Harry A. J. Hoitink  Marcella E. Grebus 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):6-12

? Composts have the potential to provide biological control of plant diseases. Foliar as well as root pathogens may be affected. Many factors control these effects. Heat exposure during composting kills or inactivates pathogens if the process is monitored properly. Unfortunately, most biocontrol agents also are killed by this heat treatment. Thus, biocontrol agents must recolonize composts after peak heating. The raw feedstock, the environment in which the compost is produced, as well as conditions during curing and utilization determine the potential for recolonization by this microflora and disease suppression. Controlled inoculation of compost with biocontrol agents has proved necessary to induce consistent levels of suppression on a commercial scale. The decomposition level (stability) of composts also affects suppressiveness. Immature composts serve as food for pathogens and increase disease even when biocontrol agents are present. On the other hand, excessively stabilized organic matter does not support the activity of biocontrol agents. Composts also may induce detrimental effects. For example, chemical factors may negate suppressiveness. Salinity and the concentration of nitrogen in composts are principal chemical factors to be considered.  相似文献   

A rapid method for the quantification of steroidal glycoalkaloids by reversed phase HPLC     

Harry H. Jonker  Andries J. Koops  J. Coosje Hoogendoorn 《Potato Research》1992,35(4):451-455

Summary Methods were developed for clean-up of potato tuber extracts on solid phase extraction CN-cartridges and for analysis of steroidal glycoalkaloids by reversed phase HPLC. The alkaloids α-solanine, α-chaconine, α-solasonine and α-solamargine could be separated on C₈ or C₁₈ reversed phase columns using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/Tris-buffer (3∶2, v/v). The analysis time of tuber extracts containing these alkaloids was less then 4 min, if the pH of the mobile phase was adjusted to 7.4 and run at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min.  相似文献   

Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery of Pinus radiata with chromosome walking PCR method     

Wei Li  Hui Li  Xiaoyang Chen  Harry Wu 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):352-356

In this paper, the basic principle of chromosome walking is presented and we used an actin gene of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) as an example to conduct upstream and downstream chromosome walking for EST sequences. The full genomic sequence (2154 bp) of the actin gene, including promoters 5′ UTR, CDS and 3′ UTR, was identified by chromosome walking. PCR amplification and DNA band sequencing from 200 unrelated radiata pine trees revealed a total of 21 SNPs for the actin gene, three in the promoter region, 15 in CDS and 4 in 3′ UTR. The results of this experiment provide a technical framework for SNPs discovery in none coding regions of candidate genes. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27 (8): 1571–1576 [译自: 西北植物学报]  相似文献   

Gene for broad, contiguous dark stripes in cocozelle squash (Cucurbita pepo)     

Harry S. Paris 《Euphytica》2000,115(3):191-196

Alternating intense (dark) and light stripes on the fruits are a fairly common feature of Cucurbita pepo, a highly variable species encompassing various kinds of pumpkins, squash, and gourds. The intense stripes can be narrow and broken or broad and contiguous. Narrow, broken intense striping is conferred by allele l-1 ^St, which is dominant to allele l-1 for non-striped, lightly colored fruits and recessive to allele L-1 for non-striped, intensely colored fruits. Cocozelle-type squash often exhibit broad, contiguous intense stripes. The inheritance of this characteristic was studied by transferring it from cocozelle squash and preparing nearly isogenic lines having broad-striped, narrow-striped, and non-striped light-colored fruits. In the broad-striped near-isogenic line, the intense stripes averaged 37% wider than in its narrow-striped counterpart. The broad-striped line was crossed with the narrow-striped line, the non-striped light-colored line, and the non-striped intense-colored `Fordhook Zucchini'. Broad striping was dominant to narrow striping and to non-striped light and conferred by a single gene; it was recessive to non-striped intense. The gene for broad striping was found to be allelic to that for narrow striping and to that for non-stripe dintense and is herein assigned the symbol l-1 ^BSt. Dominance relationships at the l-1 locus were observed to be L-1>l-1 ^BSt >l-1 ^St >l-1. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effect of fertilizers and irrigation on multi-configuration electromagnetic induction measurements     

Manuela S. Kaufmann  Christian von Hebel  Lutz Weihermüller  Michael Baumecker  Thomas Döring  Kathlin Schweitzer  Eleanor Hobley  Sara L. Bauke  Wulf Amelung  Harry Vereecken  Jan van der Kruk 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(1):104-116

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) data are often used to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of soil texture, soil water content and soil salinity. We hypothesized that the EMI methodology might thus also offer potential to detect agricultural legacy effects originating from fertilizer application and irrigation of different fields. Therefore, we performed EMI measurements on two long-term field experiments (LTFE) at Thyrow near Berlin (Germany) that differed in agricultural management with regard to long-term irrigation in combination with mineral (NPK and lime) and organic amendments (straw and farmyard manure). Two different rigid-boom multi-coil EMI instruments were used to measure simultaneously the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) over nine different depth ranges to study the entire soil profile from topsoil to deep subsoil. Additionally, soil samples were taken from the different treatments to ground-truth the measurements and disentangle the nutrient application or irrigation effects from natural soil heterogeneity. The soil samples indicated a rather homogenous soil and the correlation between soil parameters or states were not significant. However, the treatments showed significant differences in measured ECa values. In general, ECa values were largest on regularly irrigated as well as on mineral and organic fertilized plots, with regular irrigation exhibiting the largest impact on EMI records even though the last application was months before the EMI measurement. Overall, this study reveals that EMI data can support the classical in situ assessment of agricultural management effects within LTFE, while offering new potentials in detecting and understanding legacy effects of agricultural management on spatial soil properties at farm level.  相似文献   

Effects of diet formulations containing proteins from different sources on intestinal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens          下载免费PDF全文

Roy S. Udayamputhoor  Harry Hariharan  Ted A. Van Lunen  P. Jeffrey Lewis  Susan Heaney  Lawrence Price    David Woodward 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(3):204-212

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 3 diet formulations containing different protein sources (animal, plant, and a combination of animal and plant) on the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. A freshly isolated strain of C. jejuni (biotype IV, serotype HS O:21, O:29, HL untypable) from a broiler chicken was used to infect 3-day-old chicks that had been free of C. jejuni; 0.5 mL of an inoculum containing 10⁸ colony-forming units was administered orally. Shedding of the organism was studied, and C. jejuni in the ceca, jejuni, and crop were enumerated by quantitative culture. The isolates recovered from the birds during the study period of 35 d were characterized and confirmed as C. jejuni by the use of standard methods and underwent biotyping, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and the E-test, and flagellin gene typing. A cyclical pattern of shedding of C. jejuni was observed in all the birds. Colonization was highest in the ceca. The ceca of birds receiving plant-protein-based feed had significantly less colonization then the ceca of birds receiving the other types of feed, whereas the differences in colonization of the jejuni and crops were not significant. Characterization by biotyping, serotyping, and flagellin gene typing showed that 95% of the recovered isolates were identical to the strain used for infecting the chicks. However, with the Lior-HL typing scheme, 74% of the recovered isolates were HL untypable. Antimicrobial resistance testing did not reveal significant differences between the infecting strain and the recovered isolates among the different feed groups.  相似文献   

Induced Final Maturation and Spawning of the Marbled Grouper Epinephelus microdon Captured from Spawning Aggregations in the Republic of Palau, Micronesia     

Clyde S.  Tamaru Christine  Carlstrom-Trick William J.  Fitzgerald  Jr. Harry  Ako 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1996,27(4):363-372

A high percentage (98.3%, N = 60) of the marbled grouper Epinephelus microdon individuals captured from spawning aggregations during July and August 1993 in the waters surrounding the island of Koror, Republic of Palau, Micronesia, were in the stage of maturity at which final maturation and spawning could be hormonally induced. The sex ratio of the captured fish was highly skewed towards males (4 male:1 female). Sexually immature females comprised the smallest size class, (<0.6 kg body weight (BW) or 33.0 cm total length (TL)), while sexually mature females were restricted to the 0.6–1.5 kg BW (33.0–46.4 cm TL) groups. Males predominated in size classes >0.6 kg BW, and individuals >1.5 kg BW (46.4 cm TL) were exclusively male. All females with oocytes that averaged ( N = 50) >400 μm in diameter were successfully induced to spawn by a two-injection protocol using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at total dosages of 2,100–3,200 IU/kg fish. All males used in the spawning trials were administered a single injection of HCG at dosages of 500 or 1,000 IU/kg fish. Fecundity ranged between 7.96 × 10⁵−1.24 × 10⁶kg BW, average spawned egg diameters ranged between 769–832 μm, percent fertilization ranged between 32.6%–99.9%, and hatching percentages were >90.0%. Total fat content of eggs obtained from a pooled spawning event was 14.1 mg/100 mg dry weight. The data indicate that HCG is a suitable treatment for the induction of spawning in marbled grouper females that possess a mean oocyte diameter of 400 μm or greater.  相似文献   

Prospective Randomized Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of a Novel Bioabsorbable Biocomposite Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Cage Implant          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew D. Barnhart  Adam T. Watson  Lawrence G. Thatcher  Harry Wotton  Steven J. Naber 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(5):651-658

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Die Wirkung von mikroskopischen Bodenpilzen auf den Trockensubstanzertrag von Hafer im Jugendwachstum     

Georg Müller  Harry Winkler 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1-3):165-178

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Potato spraying in eastern Virginia in 1937     

Lauren D. Anderson  Harry G. Walker 《American Journal of Potato Research》1938,15(3):64-66

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