Immune regulation of canine tumour and macrophage PD‐L1 expression          下载免费PDF全文

G. Hartley  E. Faulhaber  A. Caldwell  J. Coy  J. Kurihara  A. Guth  D. Regan  S. Dow 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(2):534-549

Expression of programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumor cells has been associated with immune escape in human and murine cancers, but little is known regarding the immune regulation of PD‐L1 expression by tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in dogs. Therefore, 14 canine tumor cell lines, as well as primary cultures of canine monocytes and macrophages, were evaluated for constitutive PD‐L1 expression and for responsiveness to immune stimuli. We found that PD‐L1 was expressed constitutively on all canine tumor cell lines evaluated, although the levels of basal expression were very variable. Significant upregulation of PD‐L1 expression by all tumor cell lines was observed following IFN‐γ exposure and by exposure to a TLR3 ligand. Canine monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages did not express PD‐L1 constitutively, but did significantly upregulate expression following treatment with IFN‐γ. These findings suggest that most canine tumors express PD‐L1 constitutively and that both innate and adaptive immune stimuli can further upregulate PD‐L1 expression. Therefore the upregulation of PD‐L1 expression by tumor cells and by tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in response to cytokines such as IFN‐γ may represent an important mechanism of tumor‐mediated T‐cell suppression in dogs as well as in humans.  相似文献   

Aetiology of Corneal ulcers: Assume FHV-1 unless proven otherwise     

Claudia Hartley 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(1):24-35

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Sum rules and interlayer conductivity of high-Tc cuprates     

DN Basov  SI Woods  AS Katz  EJ Singley  RC Dynes  M Xu  DG Hinks  CC Homes  M Strongin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5398):49-52

Analysis of the interlayer infrared conductivity of cuprate high-transition temperature superconductors reveals an anomalously large energy scale extending up to midinfrared frequencies that can be attributed to formation of the superconducting condensate. This unusual effect is observed in a va- riety of materials, including Tl2Ba2CuO6+x, La2-xSrxCuO4, and YBa2Cu3O6.6, which show an incoherent interlayer response in the normal state. Midinfrared range condensation was examined in the context of sum rules that can be formulated for the complex conductivity. One possible interpretation of these experiments is in terms of a kinetic energy change associated with the superconducting transition.  相似文献   

Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J Chen  MA Hamon  H Hu  Y Chen  AM Rao  PC Eklund  RC Haddon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5386):95-98

Naked metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were dissolved in organic solutions by derivatization with thionychloride and octadecylamine. Both ionic (charge transfer) and covalent solution-phase chemistry with concomitant modulation of the SWNT band structure were demonstrated. Solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy was used to study the effects of chemical modifications on the band gaps of the SWNTs. Reaction of soluble SWNTs with dichlorocarbene led to functionalization of the nanotube walls.  相似文献   

The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GM Keating  SW Bougher  RW Zurek  RH Tolson  GJ Cancro  SN Noll  JS Parker  TJ Schellenberg  RW Shane  BL Wilkerson  JR Murphy  JL Hollingsworth  RM Haberle  M Joshi  JC Pearl  BJ Conrath  MD Smith  RT Clancy  RC Blanchard  RG Wilmoth  DF Rault  TZ Martin  DT Lyons  PB Esposito  MD Johnston  al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.  相似文献   

Tenure and taboos: origins and implications for fisheries in the Pacific     

Simon Foale  Philippa Cohen  Stephanie Januchowski‐Hartley  Amelia Wenger  Martha Macintyre 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):357-369

We present demographic, social, historical and ecological data to challenge the generalization that traditional tenure and fishing taboos constitute cultural adaptations that evolved to prevent over‐harvesting of subsistence fisheries in the Pacific. In particular, we re‐examine the seminal and widely cited arguments of Johannes (Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1978; 9 , 349–364), which constructed tenure and taboos primarily as traditional fishery management tools for the entire Pacific region. While it is difficult to disprove Johannes’ logic for some sites, particularly in formerly densely populated parts of Polynesia and Micronesia, our review of data and literature for Melanesia indicate very different origins and functions for these institutions. Our study shows that human population densities in most of the Western Pacific prior to European colonial intrusions were too low to have generated sufficient fishing pressure to drive the evolution of a conservation ethic. Our review for Melanesia shows that customary marine tenure and fishing taboos are primarily designed to manage relationships between social groups, rather than to sustain food security from fisheries. We argue that proper recognition of the cultural role of tenure and taboos is critical to progressing marine resource management in Melanesia.  相似文献   

Toward process‐based conservation prioritizations for freshwater ecosystems     

Simon Linke  Virgilio Hermoso  Stephanie Januchowski‐Hartley 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(7):1149-1160

A meta‐analysis of fish behavioural reaction to underwater human presence     

Diogo S. M. Samia  Eduardo Bessa  Daniel T. Blumstein  Jos A. C. C. Nunes  Ernesto Azzurro  Lorenzo Morroni  Valerio Sbragaglia  Fraser A. Januchowski‐Hartley  Benjamin Geffroy 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(5):817-829

In an increasingly anthropic world, humans have profound impacts on the distribution and behaviour of marine fishes. The increased human presence has modified fishes’ antipredator behavioural responses, and consequently flight decisions, as a function of their changed perceptions of risk. Understanding how fish react to human presence can help identify the most vulnerable functional groups/species and estimate impacts caused by human disturbance. Shoal and body size are known to influence fish flight initiation distance (FID; the distance between the predator and prey when the prey begins to escape); however, few studies attempt to test the moderators of these relationships. Here, we present a comprehensive meta‐analysis evaluating FID of fish in response to human presence. Specifically, we investigated six candidate moderators that could influence the relationship between FID with shoal and body size. Our results showed that individual fish size was strongly and positively correlated with FID and the most important moderator that explained the variance in individual body size‐FID relationship was shoaling behaviour. However, and somehow surprisingly, we detected no significant relationship between shoal size and FID. We discuss how these results can inform the development of fish conservation strategies and ultimately assist in the management of marine protected areas.  相似文献   

Water vapour diffusion and adsorption characteristics of sugar maple (Acer saccharum,Marsh.) wood polymer composites     

I. D. Hartley  M. H. Schneider 《Wood Science and Technology》1993,27(6):421-427

Summary Water vapour diffusion characteristics and adsorption isotherms were determined for cell-lumen and cell-wall treated wood polymer composites (WPC). The diffusion coefficients of the cell-lumen WPC were lower than untreated wood and the cell-wall WPC coefficients were lower than cell-lumen. Using the Hailwood and Horrobin sorption model, it was found that the unimolecular layer is formed at lower moisture contents in WPC than in wood. The amount of free dissolved water was reduced only in the cell-wall WPC. The polymer reduces the water vapour accessibility in both types of WPC.  相似文献   

SPASTIC PARESIS IN FRIESIAN CALVES     

J. D. Baird  B.V.Sc.  K. G. Johnston  B.V.Sc.  Dip. Bact.  M.A.C.V.Sc. W. J. Hartley  M.V.Sc.  M.R.C. Path.  M.R.C.V.S.  M.A.C.V.Sc.† 《Australian veterinary journal》1974,50(6):239-245

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