Evaluation of local and systemic immune responses induced by intramuscular injection of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Thacker EL  Thacker BJ  Kuhn M  Hawkins PA  Waters WR 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(11):1384-1389

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immune responses induced by administration of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs. Animals-60 healthy 7- to 10-day-old cross-bred boars. PROCEDURE: Pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 pig groups (15 pigs/group): vaccinated, challenged; vaccinated, nonchallenged; nonvaccinated, challenged; nonvaccinated, nonchallenged. Vaccinated pigs received IM injections of a mycoplasma bacterin on days 0 and 14, whereas nonvaccinated pigs received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Pigs in the challenged groups were inoculated intratracheally with M hyopneumoniae on day 42. Pigs were euthanatized and necropsied 41, 44, 48, and 70 days after the first vaccination, and proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions was determined. Percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting lymphocytes in blood and tissues, cytokine and antibody concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and serum antibody concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Vaccination against and infection with M hyopneumoniae induced a local mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract of pigs. Proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions in vaccinated challenged pigs was reduced on day 70, compared with nonvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccination stimulated the production of M hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-gamma secreting blood lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration in BAL fluid on day 70 was increased in nonvaccinated challenged pigs, compared with vaccinated challenged pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vaccination against M hyopneumoniae induced local, mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. Moreover, vaccination reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenged pigs, suggesting that mucosal antibodies, mediation of the inflammatory response, and cell-mediated immune responses are important for control of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.  相似文献   

Ectomycorrhizae and tree seedling nitrogen nutrition in forest restoration     

B. J. Hawkins  Melanie D. Jones  J. M. Kranabetter 《New Forests》2015,46(5-6):747-771

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Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint and what is possible with standing surgery of the horse?     

J. F. Hawkins 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(12):629-631

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NEAR's flyby of 253 mathilde: images of a C asteroid     

J Veverka  P Thomas  A Harch  B Clark  JF Bell  B Carcich  J Joseph  C Chapman  W Merline  M Robinson  M Malin  LA McFadden  S Murchie  SE Hawkins  R Farquhar  N Izenberg  A Cheng 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5346):2109-2114

On 27 June 1997, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft flew within 1212 kilometers of asteroid 253 Mathilde. Mathilde is an irregular, heavily cratered body measuring 66 kilometers by 48 kilometers by 46 kilometers. The asteroid's surface is dark (estimated albedo between 0.035 and 0.050) and similar in color to some CM carbonaceous chondrites. No albedo or color variations were detected. The volume derived from the images and the mass from Doppler tracking of the spacecraft yield a mean density of 1.3 +/- 0.2 grams per cubic centimeter, about half that of CM chondrites, indicating a porous interior structure.  相似文献   

A mutation in the TRPC6 cation channel causes familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis     

Winn MP  Conlon PJ  Lynn KL  Farrington MK  Creazzo T  Hawkins AF  Daskalakis N  Kwan SY  Ebersviller S  Burchette JL  Pericak-Vance MA  Howell DN  Vance JM  Rosenberg PB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5729):1801-1804

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disorder of unknown etiology, and up to 20% of patients on dialysis have been diagnosed with it. Here we show that a large family with hereditary FSGS carries a missense mutation in the TRPC6 gene on chromosome 11q, encoding the ion-channel protein transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6). The proline-to-glutamine substitution at position 112, which occurs in a highly conserved region of the protein, enhances TRPC6-mediated calcium signals in response to agonists such as angiotensin II and appears to alter the intracellular distribution of TRPC6 protein. Previous work has emphasized the importance of cytoskeletal and structural proteins in proteinuric kidney diseases. Our findings suggest an alternative mechanism for the pathogenesis of glomerular disease.  相似文献   

Phenylketonuria: phenylalanine inhibits brain pyruvate kinase in vivo   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A L Miller  R A Hawkins  R L Veech 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(76):904-906

The hypothesis that brain damage in phenylketonuria is related to inhibition of pyruvate kinase by phenylalanine was examined in rat brain in vivo. One hour after a single injection of phenylalanine into the rat, the brains were removed and completely frozen in less than a second. The concentration of phenylalanine in the brain was comparable to that found in phenylketonuric patients. Changes in brain glycolytic intermediates were consistent with inhibition of pyruvate kinase in vivo. The inhibition of pyruvate kinase was apparently compensated for by an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate; no decrease in adenosine triphosphate or creatine phosphate was found.  相似文献   

NOTES ON THE GENUS TYPHA AND ITS NEMATODE ROOT GALL--HETERODERA RADICICOLA (GREEFF) MULL     

Hawkins LN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1911,34(865):127-128

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PI3Kgamma is a key regulator of inflammatory responses and cardiovascular homeostasis     

Hawkins PT  Stephens LR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5847):64-66

Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways regulate several important cellular functions, including cellular growth, division, survival, and movement. Class IB PI3K (also known as PI3Kgamma) links heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors to these pathways. Activation of class IB PI3K results in the rapid synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and its dephosphorylation product PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the plasma membrane. These two lipid messengers bind to pleckstrin homology domain-containing effectors that regulate a complex signaling web downstream of receptor activation. Characteristic features of this pathway are the regulation of protein kinases and the regulation of small guanosine triphosphatases that control cellular movement, adhesion, contraction, and secretion. Most of the ligands that activate class IB PI3K are involved in coordinating the body's response to injury and infection, and recent studies suggest that small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme may represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents.  相似文献   

Genetic structure of the purebred domestic dog     

Parker HG  Kim LV  Sutter NB  Carlson S  Lorentzen TD  Malek TB  Johnson GS  DeFrance HB  Ostrander EA  Kruglyak L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5674):1160-1164

We used molecular markers to study genetic relationships in a diverse collection of 85 domestic dog breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for approximately 30% of genetic variation. Microsatellite genotypes were used to correctly assign 99% of individual dogs to breeds. Phylogenetic analysis separated several breeds with ancient origins from the remaining breeds with modern European origins. We identified four genetic clusters, which predominantly contained breeds with similar geographic origin, morphology, or role in human activities. These results provide a genetic classification of dog breeds and will aid studies of the genetics of phenotypic breed differences.  相似文献   

An Experiment on Human Vitamin B6 Deprivation     

Hawkins WW  Barsky J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2802):284-286

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