Photodynamic action of erythrosin B as a toxic mechanism for infective larvae of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes     

J A Hawkins  M H Johnson-Delivorias  J R Heitz 《Veterinary parasitology》1986,21(4):265-270

The effect of erythrosin B on adults and 3rd stage larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle was studied by treating calves per os with 20 mg kg-1, 40 mg kg-1, and 60 mg kg-1 of the dye daily for 21 days and monitoring its effect. Erythrosin B had no detectable effect on adult nematode fecundity or viability. Data collected did indicate, however, that erythrosin B produced a consistent toxic effect on 3rd stage larvae after exposure to fluorescent light. This toxic effect was dependent upon dosage of erythrosin B administered, time of light exposure and, to a much lesser extent, the length of time the larvae were left in culture in the presence of the dye.  相似文献   

The fate of dinobuton and dinoseb on growing apples     

David R. Hawkins  Valerie H. Saggers 《Pest management science》1974,5(4):497-504

After topical application of dinobuton or dinoseb to apple fruits approximately 75% and 72% respectively of the applied material was lost after 28 days. From apples treated with dinobuton the unchanged compound was the major component present up until 8 days but at later times the amounts of polar transformation products and water-soluble compounds predominated. Only small amounts of dinoseb were found at all times. A similar pattern of results was obtained from apples treated with dinoseb. The maximum amounts of material absorbed through the fruit skin were 3% from dinobuton-treated apples and 7% from dinoseb-treated applies.  相似文献   

Dactylomegaly, a type of club foot (talipes) in a herd of Shorthorn cattle     

C D Hawkins  J Grandage 《Australian veterinary journal》1983,60(2):55-56

Enlarged dew claws associated with syndactyly and/or deviation of the adjacent major digit are reported from 9 heifers in a herd of 800. The anomaly created a club-footed appearance.  相似文献   

Collection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in cats, using an endotracheal tube   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E C Hawkins  D B DeNicola 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(6):855-859

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from 12 anesthetized cats by use of an endotracheal tube and syringe adapter. The safety of the technique was evaluated by monitoring mucous membrane color, capillary refill time, pulse rate, respiratory rate, ECG, and arterial blood gas tensions and by necropsy findings. Group A consisted of 3 cats that were administered (by lavage) 4 aliquots of 20 ml of saline solution during anesthesia for placement of femoral artery catheters. Group B consisted of 4 cats that were administered a smaller total volume of saline solution (3 aliquots of 5 ml/kg of body weight) during a separate anesthetic period, other than the one for placement of catheters. Group C consisted of 5 cats administered 3 aliquots (5 ml/kg) of saline solution during a separate anesthetic period and administered supplemental oxygen for 5 to 10 minutes before and for 20 minutes after the lavage procedure. Group-A cats had a prolonged recovery period that was attributed to the lengthy anesthetic period required for placement of femoral catheters. The effect was eliminated in the cats of the other groups in which the lavage procedure itself accounted for only 5 to 10 minutes of anesthetic time. Evaluation of mucous membrane color, capillary refill time, ECG, pulse, and respiratory rate revealed no persistent abnormalities. Transient increase in pulse and respiratory rate was seen in some cats. Blood gas analysis revealed noticeable decrease in arterial oxygen pressures (Pao2) after the lavage procedure. In group-C cats, oxygen supplementation allowed the maintenance of normal or above normal Pao2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Digestion of bentiromide and absorption of xylose in healthy cats and absorption of xylose in cats with infiltrative intestinal disease     

E C Hawkins  S M Meric  R J Washabau  E C Feldman  J M Turrel 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(3):567-569

The digestion of bentiromide and the absorption of D-xylose was measured in 17 clinically healthy cats. The plasma xylose concentrations of the healthy cats were compared with values from 9 cats with diffuse infiltrative intestinal disease. The cats were administered 16.7 mg of bentiromide/kg and 0.5 g of xylose/kg via a stomach tube. Plasma samples were obtained before administration and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. The maximum mean plasma p-aminobenzoic acid concentration occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 386 +/- 134 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD). The maximum mean plasma xylose concentration also occurred at 60 minutes, with a value of 26.0 +/- 9.2 mg/dl. Plasma concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid and xylose were lower in healthy cats than those reported for healthy dogs. There was no significant difference between xylose concentrations in healthy cats and cats with infiltrative intestinal disease.  相似文献   

Short colon in two cats and a dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M H Fluke  E C Hawkins  G S Elliott  W E Blevins 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(1):87-90

Two cats and 1 dog were referred for evaluation of signs of large-intestinal dysfunction. In each instance, contrast radiography revealed an abnormally short, straight colon, with the cecum located in the left hemi-abdomen. Short colon did not appear to contribute specifically to the active disease processes found. The anomaly may develop owing to errors in the processes of elongation and rotation of the embryo's midgut. The clinical relevance of short colon is unknown, but the disorder may contribute to a history of chronic elimination of soft feces.  相似文献   

Acute thallium toxicosis in a dog.     

C B Waters  E C Hawkins  D W Knapp 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(6):883-885

A Doberman Pinscher was evaluated for acute onset of gastroenteritis, characterized by anorexia, hematemesis, and hematochezia. The dog had ingested mole bait containing thallium 2 days prior to admission. Thallium toxicosis was confirmed by detection of thallium in the urine, using colorimetric analysis. The dog responded well to administration of antibiotics, fluids administered IV, warm-water enemas, and oral administration of activated charcoal slurries.  相似文献   

The metabolic fate of tridemorph in rats     

David R. Hawkins  William H. Down  Leslie F. Chasseaud  John D. Lewis 《Pest management science》1974,5(5):535-542

A single oral dose of [¹⁴C]tridemorph was partly, but rapidly absorbed by rats. Most of the radioactivity was excreted with a half-life of about 15 h. During 5 days, 42.6% was excreted in the urine, 46.7% in the faeces, 1.5% in the expired air and 3.4 % was still retained. 24 % was excreted in the 48 h bile. Sequential wholebody autoradiography indicated that much of the radioactivity was confined to the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. There was no unexpected uptake of radioactivity. Urinary metabolites were more polar than tridemorph and were also detected in the bile and faeces. The major metabolite in 24 h urine, accounting for 22.3% of the dose appeared to be a side-chain hydroxylated derivative. Cleavage of the morpholine ring was limited to about 1.5 % of the dose.  相似文献   

Intranuclear inclusions of ganglion amphicytes in pigs.     

G A Wells  C N Hebert  S A Hawkins 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(24):552-553

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Inconsistencies in the absorptive capacities of Schirmer tear test strips     

E C Hawkins  C J Murphy 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(5):511-513

The absorptive capacities of 4 commercially available tear test strips were determined and compared with 5-mm X 40-mm strips of #41 filter paper. Significant differences in the absorption of water over a given time interval were found in 3 of the groups tested. Major inconsistencies were found only within 1 lot of tear test strips from a single manufacturer. Tear test strips from this lot consisted of 2 distinct populations that were distinguishable by transillumination. Strips with widely spaced horizontal lines had the same absorptive capacity as the filter paper, whereas those with fine lines consistently absorbed less water. The clinical importance of this discrepancy was verified by comparing measurements of tear production in 6 normal dogs.  相似文献