The protective effect of hexachlorophane against infection with Fasciola hepatica     

S B Kendall  I J Sinclair 《Research in veterinary science》1969,10(5):481-482

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Clinical evaluation of commercially available urinary acidification diets in the management of idiopathic cystitis in cats     

Markwell PJ  Buffington CA  Chew DJ  Kendall MS  Harte JG  DiBartola SP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(3):361-365

OBJECTIVE: To compare recurrence of signs of lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) in cats with idiopathic cystitis that were fed the dry or canned formulation of a commercial diet designed to result in production of an acidic urine. DESIGN: Prospective trial. ANIMALS: 54 client-owned cats with idiopathic cystitis that was diagnosed on the basis of a history of abnormal micturition, abnormal results on urinalysis, radiography, or cystoscopy, and lack of an alternative diagnosis. PROCEDURE: Cats were assigned to be fed the canned or dry formulation of the diet. Reevaluations conducted at 2 and 16 weeks, and at 6 and 12 months included a physical examination, CBC and serum biochemical analysis (except week 2), blood gas analysis, and urinalysis. Regular telephone contacts were also made. The study was discontinued after 12 months or if signs of LUTD recurred. RESULTS: Signs of LUTD did not recur in 16 of 18 cats fed the canned diet, and 17 of 28 cats fed the dry diet (chi 2, P < 0.05). Seven cats were reevaluated at recurrence. Owners of remaining cats in which signs of LUTD recurred declined to have their pets reexamined. A different problem (bacterial urinary tract infection) was identified in only 1 cat on reevaluation. Eight cats were lost to follow-up evaluation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Feeding this commercial canned urinary acidifying diet may reduce the proportion of cats with idiopathic cystitis that will have recurrence of signs of LUTD within a 12-month period.  相似文献   

Hemolytic activity of Fusobacterium necrophorum culture supernatants due to presence of phospholipase A and lysophospholipase.     

P M Abe  C J Kendall  L R Stauffer  J W Holland 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(1):92-96

Culture supernatants of Fusobacterium necrophorum demonstrated hemolytic activity. The hemolysin(s), which was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, was temperature-dependent and heat labile. The spectrum of hemolytic activity against various erythrocytes included rabbit, human, and dog erythrocytes. Goats, sheep, and bovine erythrocytes showed only trace hemolysis. According to results of thin-layer chromatography, the hemolysin hydrolyzed rabbit erythrocyte phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl choline, and bovine phosphatidyl choline. Hydrolysis of egg yolk phosphatidyl choline, bovine phosphatidyl ethanolamine, cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitin, 1,3-dipalmitin, sphingomyelin, or triolein was not detected by thin layer chromatography. A more sensitive procedure utilizing gas-liquid chromatography revealed that, of the substrates tested, the following were bein hydrolyzed: bovine and egg yolk phosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl choline, alpha-palmito-beta-eleoyl-L-alpha lecithin and alpha-oleoyl-betal-palmitoyl-L-alpha lecithin. Substrates which were weakly hydrolyzed were bovine phosphatidyl ethanolamine, DL-alpha-hosphatidyl ethanolamine dipalmitoyl, 1,2-dipalmitin, 1,3-dipalmitin, and triolein.  相似文献   

A temporal-spatial analysis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Irish cattle herds, from 1996 to 2000          下载免费PDF全文

Hazel A. Sheridan  Guy McGrath  Paul White  Richard Fallon  Mohamed M. Shoukri    S. Wayne Martin 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(1):19-25

This study investigated the distribution of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in herds of cattle in Ireland over the years 1996 through 2000, prior to the introduction of widespread active surveillance. Mappings of index herds, herd density, and standardized morbidity ratios, by county, were employed to help visualize areas of potential clustering of BSE. The hypothesis of spatial clustering was tested using a spatial scan statistic applied to the location of the herd where exposure likely occurred. Both Bernoulli and Poisson spatial models indicated marked clustering of BSE herds centred on Monaghan county, with secondary clusters detected by Bernoulli approaches and some Poisson models in Wexford and Cork. The number of cases increased with time, but clear temporal-spatial clusters were rarely detected, except in the case of a cluster in Wexford. The focussed spatial scan analyses using the location of large-scale feed suppliers provided support for the hypothesis that clustering of BSE may be associated with feed source. The results of our analyses provided strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that herds, in which animals were most likely to have been exposed to the BSE agent, cluster geographically.  相似文献   

The effects of providing shade to lactating dairy cows in a temperate climate     

P.E. Kendall  P.P. Nielsen  J.R. Webster  G.A. Verkerk  R.P. Littlejohn  L.R. Matthews 《Livestock Science》2006,103(1-2):148-157

In a two-period replicated crossover design, four groups of lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows (n = 10 per group) were kept on pasture to investigate the effects of providing artificial shade in summer on their vaginal temperature, behaviour and milk production. Two groups had access to shade and two groups in adjacent paddocks had no shade for a 10-day period before the treatments were switched. The body temperature rhythm was recorded in all animals using vaginal data loggers. Daily milk yield and milk composition was measured for each cow. Standing without grazing, lying and grazing behaviour was recorded continuously by observers for two 24-h periods during each 10-day treatment period. Shade use was recorded daily from 0800 to 2000 h. The provision of shade reduced (P < 0.05) mean vaginal temperature. This was particularly evident between 1000 and 1500 h, when the increase in vaginal temperature was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in shaded cows compared to cows without shade. No effect of shade (P > 0.05) on the maximum and minimum vaginal temperature, or the amplitude of the vaginal temperature rhythm was found. Cows with access to shade preferred (P < 0.001) using it mainly during the mid-afternoon, while, in contrast, cows with no shade grazed more (P < 0.001) at this time. The total time spent grazing, standing without grazing and lying per 24 h did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Milk production was higher (P < 0.05) in cows that had access to shade compared to those without, but milk composition was not affected (P > 0.05) by shade treatment. These data suggest that the provision of shade is an effective method to reduce heat load in dairy cows under New Zealand summer conditions and, in addition, may increase daily milk yield. Despite only mild summer conditions, vaginal temperature was elevated during the mid-afternoon in non-shaded cows but did not cause a significant disruption in the underlying circadian body temperature rhythm compared to shaded cows.  相似文献   

Propagation of trembling aspen and hybrid poplar for agroforestry: potential benefits of elevated CO2 in the greenhouse     

Kendall A. Tupker  Barb R. Thomas  S. Ellen Macdonald 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(1):61-71

We examined the usefulness of elevated CO₂ in the greenhouse to aid in early selection of genotypes and in the propagation of Populus tremuloides Michaux (aspen) and hybrid poplars for agroforestry, afforestation, or reclamation. Growth in elevated (800 ppm) vs ambient (375 ppm) CO₂ for 95 days resulted in greater height (14%), stem caliper (16%), overall biomass, and proportional allocation of biomass to roots as well as elevated net assimilation and water-use-efficiency. Aspen clones selected for superior growth (based on phenotypic selection) broke bud significantly earlier than unselected clones under both CO₂ levels; superior clones were also taller with greater stem caliper under both CO₂ treatments (but not significant). Under ambient CO₂ male aspen were taller than females while under elevated CO₂ female aspen were taller than males and also had greater caliper (but not significant). Hybrid poplar grown under elevated (vs ambient) CO₂ broke bud significantly earlier and had significantly greater net assimilation and water-use efficiency; they were also taller with greater caliper (but not significant). Differences in performance among the eight hybrid clones were enhanced by growth under elevated CO₂. Under ambient CO₂, P38P38 was the clone that broke bud earliest, was tallest with greater caliper and had a lower shoot:root biomass ratio. Sargentii, on the other hand, was the shortest with the smallest caliper. The implications of these results need to be considered in the context of using aspen and hybrid poplar for large-scale agroforestry, afforestation and reclamation across Canada. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Diversity and changing demographics: how they will affect veterinary medicine     

Kendall T 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2004,31(4):406-408

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Semilobar holoprosencephaly in a Morgan horse     

Koch TG  Koch T  Loretti AP  Loretti A  de Lahunta A  Kendall A  Russell D  Bienzle D 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(3):367-372

A6 1/2‐month‐old Morgan filly was examined because of a history of abnormal behavior, teeth grinding, hypothermia, and electrolyte disturbances when weaned. She was from a breeding farm with several other Morgan horses. The 11‐year‐old dam had been purchased the year before as a proven broodmare, which had several previous foals. Breeding, gestation, and birth of this foal were normal. She was raised with 4 other mares and their offspring on pasture with free access to shelter in an open barn. Supplementary feeding consisted of oats and timothy hay. The owners reported that the foal showed unusual behavior, such as lack of apprehension of people, lack of distress from maternal separation, and a higher activity level than other foals of the same age. The foal extensively chewed the dam's tail and mane, masticated oats slowly with rapid jaw movements without actually swallowing them, and ground her teeth. She frequently nibbled the handler's clothes without biting, ate pebbles, and played with the salt block in the paddock. At 4 1/2 months of age, she was treated for suspected gastroduodenal ulcers and weaned. The referring veterinarian examined her 5 days after weaning because of dull demeanor and excessive teeth grinding. The foal was in thin body condition, hypothermic (37°C, 98.6°F), and tachycardic (60 beats per minute [bpm]) and had decreased borborygmi. Major abnormalities on serum biochemistry were severe hypernatremia (166 mmol/L; reference range 136–144 mmol/L) and hyperchloremia (128 mmol/L; reference range 94–104 mmol/L), azotemia (urea, 11.3 mmol/L; reference range 4.2–8.9 mmol/L), and hyperfibrinogenemia (5.2 g/L, reference range 1.6–2.9 g/L). The only abnormality on the CBC was hemoconcentration (PCV, 0.57 L/L; reference range 0.28–0.44 L/L). The foal was treated with penicillin procaine G^a (20,000 IU/kg [9072 IU/1b] IM q12h) and rifampin^b (5 mg/kg [2.7 mg/1b] PO q8h). The next day the tachycardia worsened (120 bpm) and the foal was estimated to be 5–8% dehydrated. IV fluid therapy with lactated Ringer solution^c (LRS) was initiated, and the antibiotic was changed to ceftiofur^d (2 mg/kg [0.91 mg/1b] IV q12h). The foal and dam were rejoined, and the foal's clinical status improved with resumption of nursing. Serial laboratory testing showed persistent hypernatremia 160 mmol/L) and hyperchloremia (123 mmol/L), azotemia urea 11.3 mmol/L and creatinine 168 umol/L; reference range 80–130 μmol/L), hyperglycemia (8.7 mmol/L; reference range 3.7–6.7 mmol/L), high aspartate aminotranferase activity (662 U/L; reference range 259–595 U/L), and high creatine kinase (CK) activity (1,196 U/L; reference range 108–430 U/L). The foal's condition improved and IV fluids were discontinued. Ceftiofur administration was discontinued and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole^e (25 mg/kg [11.3 mg/1b] PO q12h) was administered for 3 days. During the next month the foal was stable but the abnormal behavior persisted. She was weaned again, and within days marked behavior changes such as circling, throwing the head around compulsively, and severe hind‐end shivering recurred. At examination, the foal was dull, tachycardic (60 bpm), was hypothermic (33.6°C, 92.5°F), had dark red mucous membranes, and was estimated to be 5% dehydrated. Laboratory findings were similar to those of the previous tests except for high fibrinogen (7.1 g/L). The foal was again rejoined with the dam, treated with intramuscular penicillin, and referred  相似文献   

Deaths in racing greyhounds     

Bentall H 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(8):254-255

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Enilconazole treatment of horses with superficial Aspergillus spp. rhinitis     

Kendall A  Bröjer J  Karlstam E  Pringle J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(5):1239-1242

BACKGROUND: Mycotic rhinitis is an uncommon disease in horses with a wide range of clinical signs and treatment options based on case studies of a single or only a few individuals. Moreover, while dogs with mycotic rhinitis appear to respond well to treatment with topical enilconazole, this approach has yet to be reported in horses. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical findings, results of diagnostic investigations, treatment, and outcome in horses with mycotic rhinitis treated with topical enilconazole. ANIMALS: Eight horses were included in the study. METHODS: Medical records from 1995 to 2007 from an equine veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed to identify cases with a diagnosis of mycotic rhinitis. RESULTS: Eleven cases were identified, of which 8 were treated with topical enilconazole. Seven of those 8 horses recovered and had normal appearance of the nasal passages on endoscopic examination. Fungal culture, where positive, yielded only Aspergillus spp. Treatment was readily performed and no adverse effects were noted in these horses. In 5 horses, long-term follow-up revealed complete recovery for an average of 5 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Mycotic rhinitis owing to Aspergillus spp. in horses can be effectively and safely treated with topical enilconazole.  相似文献