Secondary cleft palate repair     

Taney K 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2008,25(2):150-153

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Quaternary landscape ecology: Relevant scales in space and time   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Hazel R. Delcourt  Paul A. Delcourt 《Landscape Ecology》1988,2(1):23-44

Two primary goals of landscape ecologists are to (1) evaluate changes in ecological pattern and process on natural landscapes through time and (2) determine the ecological consequences of transforming natural land-scapes to cultural ones. Paleoecological techniques can be used to reconstruct past landscapes and their changes through time; use of paleoecological methods of investigation in combination with geomorphic and paleoethnobiological data, historical records, and shorter-term ecological data sets makes it possible to integrate long-term ecological pattern and process on a nested series of temporal and spatial scales. Natural experiments of the past can be used to test alternative hypotheses about the relative influences of environmental change, biological interactions, and human activities in structuring biotic communities within landscape mosaics.On the absolute time scale of the Quaternary Period, spanning the past 1.8 million years, current distributional ranges of the biota have taken shape and modern biotic communities have assembled. Quaternary environmental changes have influenced the development of natural landscapes over time scales of centuries to hundreds of thousands of years; human cultural evolution has resulted in the transformation of much of the biosphere from natural to cultural landscapes over the past 5,000 years. The Quaternary extends to and includes the present and the immediate future. Knowledge of landscape changes on a Quaternary time scale is essential to landscape ecologists who wish to have a context for predicting future trends on local, regional, and global scales.  相似文献   

Duration of tetanus immunoglobulin G titres following basic immunisation of horses          下载免费PDF全文

A. Kendall  K. Anagrius  A. Gånheim  S. M. Rosanowski  K. Bergström 《Equine veterinary journal》2016,48(6):710-713

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Using allele-specific oligonucleotide probes to characterize benzimidazole resistance in Rhynchosporium secalis     

Ian E. Wheeler  Sheila J. Kendall  Jenny Butters  Derek W. Hollomon  Len Hall 《Pest management science》1995,43(3):201-209

Benzimidazole fungicides are important mixture components in strategies to combat fungicide resistance in Rhynchosporium secalis Davis. To monitor the performance of these strategies, a rapid, accurate assay has been developed to detect point mutations in the β-tubulin gene which confers resistance of benzimidazoles. The β-tubulin gene of a benzimidazole-resistant strain of R. secalis has been cloned and sequenced. Except for the difference in the position of one of its six introns, this gene showed a strong homology with other β-tubulin genes from filamentous fungi. Resistance was related to a point mutation in codon 198 which caused a glutamic acid to glycine change in resistant field strains, but glutamic acid to lysine in a laboratory mutant. A DNA fragment surrounding codon 198 was amplified directly from diseased lesions using a ‘nested’ set of PCR primers. Combining PCR amplificiation of a target DNA sequence with hybridization of Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide probes (ASO_s, 15-mers) allowed accurate detection of benzimidazole resistance. Only two probes, one sensitive and one resistant, were sufficient to monitor current field populations. Detection was achieved using either ³²P-labelled probe, or non-radioactively using a biotin-labelled probe coupled to streptavidin/alkaline phosphatase. This rapid method using ASOS can detect benzimidazole resistance within 48 h compared with 6–8 weeks by conventional assay procedures.  相似文献   

Characterisation of benzimidazole-resistant strains of Rhynchosporium secalis     

Sheila Kendall  Derek W. Hollomon  Hideo Ishii  Steven P. Heaney 《Pest management science》1994,40(3):175-181

Abstract: Benzimidazole-resistant mutants of Rhynchosporium secalis were easily generated in the laboratory using UV mutagenesis. Three levels of resistance were identified (low, LR; moderate, MR; high, HR), but there was no negative cross-resistance with N-phenylcarbamate fungicides. In all cases pathogenicity was reduced, in some cases drastically. Benzimidazole-resistant field strains were first detected in 1990, some 15 years after this fungicide group was first used in UK barley crops. Unlike laboratory mutants, only HR phenotypes were isolated from the field, and all showed negative cross-resistance to N-phenylcarbamates. These field resistant strains were no less pathogenic than wild-type ones. Carbendazim binding to tubulin-like protein from HR phenotypes, whether generated in the laboratory or isolated from the field, was reduced.  相似文献   

Long-acting injections in racing greyhounds     

Bentall H 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(25):881-882

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Composite restoration of enamel defects     

Taney KG  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2007,24(2):130-134

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New multiple-herbicide crop resistance and formulation technology to augment the utility of glyphosate   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Green JM  Hazel CB  Forney DR  Pugh LM 《Pest management science》2008,64(4):332-339

Glyphosate has performed long and well, but now some weed communities are shifting to populations that survive glyphosate, and growers need new weed management technologies to augment glyphosate performance in glyphosate-resistant crops. Unfortunately, most companies are not developing any new selective herbicides with new modes of action to fill this need. Fortunately, companies are developing new herbicide-resistant crop technologies to combine with glyphosate resistance and expand the utility of existing herbicides. One of the first multiple-herbicide-resistant crops will have a molecular stack of a new metabolically based glyphosate resistance mechanism with an active-site-based resistance to a broad spectrum of ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Additionally, new formulation technology called homogeneous blends will be used in conjunction with glyphosate and ALS-resistant crops. This formulation technology satisfies governmental regulations, so that new herbicide mixture offerings with diverse modes of action can be commercialized more rapidly and less expensively. Together, homogeneous blends and multiple-herbicide-resistant crops can offer growers a wider choice of herbicide mixtures at rates and ratios to augment glyphosate and satisfy changing weed management needs.  相似文献   

Age,growth and demographic characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sillago flindersi</Emphasis> exploited in a multi-species trawl fishery     

Charles?A.?GrayEmail author  Lachlan?M.?Barnes  Faith?A.?Ochwada-Doyle  Dylan?E.?van der?Meulen  Ben?W.?Kendall  William?D.?Robbins 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(5):915-924

This study investigated variability in the growth, length, and age compositions and the rates of mortality of Flinders’ sillago Sillago flindersi exploited in a demersal trawl fishery in eastern Australia. Sampling was done over 2 years across three depth strata at two locations approximately 400 km apart. Ageing of sectioned sagittal otoliths indicated that the observed maximum age of females was 6 years and that of males 5 years, that growth was variable and that the von Bertalanffy growth parameters significantly differed according to gender and location. Females attained a greater L _∞ than males, but males displayed greater k values. The L _∞ values of both sexes and the mean length-at-age for fish aged 3–5 years were greater at the location of highest latitude. Length and age compositions differed according to depth, with smaller (<15 cm FL) and younger (<2 years) fish generally more predominant in the shallow (<30 m) strata than in the deeper (>31 m) strata. S. flindersi appear to use the shallow strata as a juvenile habitat, moving to deeper waters as they grow. This depth stratification between cohorts may reduce intraspecific competition and could potentially be used as a spatial management tool to reduce any fishing-associated impacts on juveniles. Fish between 1 and 3 years old dominated the age compositions of populations combined across all depths, with estimated total mortality ranging between 2.24 and 2.40. Fishing mortality ranged between 1.54 and 1.70 and was more than twice the derived natural mortality. Exploitation rates were approximately 0.70, indicating that the species was heavily fished.  相似文献   

Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients from shrimp,mussel, diatom and seaweed by juvenile Holothuria scabra Jaeger     

Zenith Gaye Almeda Orozco  Joemel Gentelizo Sumbing  Ma. Junemie Hazel Lebata‐Ramos  Satoshi Watanabe 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(7):1153-1163

The ability of Holothuria scabra to digest nutrients, such as organic matter (OM), protein and carbohydrate from animal and plant feed ingredients was investigated. Four test feeds prepared by mixing sand with single ingredients from animal sources (shrimp and mussel) and plant sources (diatom and seaweed) were fed to H. scabra to estimate apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). The total assimilated nutrient (TAN) increased with ADC, whereas ingestion rate (IR) varied slightly among the feeds suggesting that ADC might be a good indicator of nutrient availability to H. scabra. The ADC_OM of shrimp and mussel was significantly higher than that diatom and seaweed: 86.2%, 77.1%, 55.1% and 32.3% respectively. ADC_protein was similar for shrimp (88.7%), mussel (84.8%) and diatom (75.2%), but significantly lower in seaweed (34.4%). ADC_carbohydrate was similar in mussel (58.5%) and diatom (58.3%) as well as in seaweed (31.6) and shrimp (28.0%). ADC_protein was relatively higher than ADC_carbohydrate suggesting that H. scabra generally digests more protein than carbohydrate. Furthermore, results indicated that nutrients from animal‐based feeds are more efficiently digested by H. scabra; thus, animal ingredients rich in easily digestible protein could potentially provide an efficiently balanced diet for H. scabra fed with diatom containing high easily digestible carbohydrate.  相似文献