Magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the rabbit brain at 3?T     

Désirée Müllhaupt  Heinz Augsburger  Andrea Schwarz  Gregor Fischer  Patrick Kircher  Jean-Michel Hatt  Stefanie Ohlerth 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Rabbits are widely accepted as an animal model in neuroscience research. They also represent very popular pet animals, and, in selected clinical cases with neurological signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be indicated for imaging the rabbit brain. Literature on the normal MRI anatomy of the rabbit brain and associated structures as well as related reference values is sparse. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to generate an MRI atlas of the normal rabbit brain including the pituitary gland, the cranial nerves and major vessels by the use of a 3 T magnet.

Results

Based on transverse, dorsal and sagittal T2-weighted (T2w) and pre- and post-contrast 3D T1-weighted (T1w) sequences, 60 intracranial structures were identified and labeled. Typical features of a lissencephalic brain type were described. In the 5 investigated rabbits, on T1w images a crescent-shaped hyperintense area caudodorsally in the pituitary gland most likely corresponded to a part of the neurohypophysis. The optic, trigeminal, and in part, the facial, vestibulocochlear and trochlear nerves were identified. Mild contrast enhancement of the trigeminal nerve was present in all rabbits. Absolute and relative size of the pituitary gland, midline area of the cranial and caudal cranial fossa and height of the tel- and diencephalon, 3rd and 4th ventricles were also determined.

Conclusions

These data established normal MRI appearance and measurements of the rabbit brain. Results provide reference for research studies in rabbits and, in rare instances, clinical cases in veterinary medicine.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0139-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Volume and texture improvement of gluten-free bread using quinoa white flour     

Dana Elgeti  Sebastian D. Nordlohne  Maike Föste  Marina Besl  Martin H. Linden  Volker Heinz  Mario Jekle  Thomas Becker 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

Patients suffering from coeliac disease have to avoid traditional cereals-based products and depend on the availability of gluten-free alternatives. The gluten-free bread matrix and its foam stability are strongly affected by the choice of ingredients. In this study, the impact of quinoa white flour on bread quality parameters, in particular volume, has been investigated. The pseudocereal proved to be a suitable substrate for dough aeration using yeast, since considerably more glucose and a higher activity of α-glucosidase were found in comparison to rice and corn flour. Consequently, quinoa white flour was used to replace 40–100% of the rice and corn flour in a gluten-free control recipe. As a result, quinoa white flour enhanced the specific volume by 33%, which was related to the absence of bran components and the increased α-glucosidase activity. The significance of the latter was proven by separately adding sucrose and fungal amyloglucosidase to the control recipe. Moreover, the crumb featured homogeneous and finely distributed gas bubbles and the taste was not compromised. Thus, it was possible to improve the quality of gluten-free bread by using quinoa white flour, which might be a relief for coeliac patients.  相似文献   

Editorial Board J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 3/2014          下载免费PDF全文

Karl‐Heinz Feger  Sven Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(3):309-309

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High-Pressure Melting of (Mg,Fe)SiO3-Perovskite     

Heinz DL  Knittle E  Sweeney JS  Williams Q  Jeanloz R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5156):279-280

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MHC class I peptides as chemosensory signals in the vomeronasal organ   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leinders-Zufall T  Brennan P  Widmayer P  S PC  Maul-Pavicic A  Jäger M  Li XH  Breer H  Zufall F  Boehm T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5698):1033-1037

The mammalian vomeronasal organ detects social information about gender, status, and individuality. The molecular cues carrying this information remain largely unknown. Here, we show that small peptides that serve as ligands for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules function also as sensory stimuli for a subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons located in the basal Gao- and V2R receptor-expressing zone of the vomeronasal epithelium. In behaving mice, the same peptides function as individuality signals underlying mate recognition in the context of pregnancy block. MHC peptides constitute a previously unknown family of chemosensory stimuli by which MHC genotypic diversity can influence social behavior.  相似文献   

Quantifying Mass Fluxes from Urban Drainage Systems to the Urban Soil-Aquifer System (11 pp)     

Leif Wolf  Jochen Klinger  Heinz Hoetzl  Ulf Mohrlok 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(2):85-95

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Effects of Forest Management on Nitrate Concentrations in Seepage Water of Forests in Southern Bavaria,Germany     

Rothe  Andreas  Mellert  Karl Heinz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,156(1-4):337-355

We performed seepage water studies in three forested study areas in Southern Bavaria, Germany in order to identify forest management effects on nitrate concentrations. In total 95 stands representing different age classes (up to 100 years), tree species (mainly spruce and beech) and regeneration methods (from clearcut to single tree selection) were included. In the period between 1998 and 2000, water samples were taken from below the rooting zone with tension lysimeters and nitrate concentration was determined. Average nitrate concentrations were calculated for each stratum (stand age, tree species, regeneration method). These data were combined with forest inventory data in order to predict regional nitrate leaching. Nitrate concentrations were generally higher in mature spruce stands than in mature beech stands. In spruce stands, we observed a clear age-related pattern, with negligible nitrate concentrations in stands younger than 40 years and higher concentrations in older stands. In beech stands nitrate concentrations were low and independent of age. In clearcut areas nitrate concentrations were significantly higher than in areas treated with small-scale regeneration methods. Forest management effects were highest in the study area with the highest N-input and lowest in the study area with the lowest N-input and highest N-retention capacity. In general changes of forest management have mainly long-term effects. The reduction of nitrogen deposition remains a crucial factor in avoiding increased nitrate leaching into forest groundwater resources.

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Die Umwandlung der glimmerartigen Schichtsilikate zu aufweitbaren Dreischicht-Tonmineralen     

Heinz Tributh 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1976,139(1):7-25

The transformation of mica-like layer silicates to expansible three-layer day minerals First of all a preliminary survey is given of those authors who have so far carried out investigations on certain minerals about transformations of layer-silicates to expansible three-layer clay minerals. It can be deduced from these investigations that the most important presupposition for a transformation, is the setting free of potassium and the reduction of the layer-charge. The knowledge of the presuppositions of a transformation was achieved mainly in model tests (deposit-clays), which also explain the running off of the exchanges of the intermediate layers. To demonstrate transformation processes with natural clay fractions of soils, requires an extensive clay fractionizing which is accomplished by means of centrifuges. Personal investigations with fractionized clays of a Chernozem have shown, that in soils, the transformation of illite into expansible three-layer-minerals occurs at the same time as the decrease in size of grain. Although the illites which are in the process of transformation reach an expansion up to 18 A from about 0,2 μ granular size, a qualitative difference exists (layer-charge, contraction tendency) to the genuine montmorillonites, that only becomes less at the finest fractions > 0,01 μ. The investigations with other soils (‘gray brown-soils’,‘acidic brown soil’) however, reveal that there is no suitable transformation scheme for all soils. Depending on the milieu in which the soil development has taken place, characteristic transformation sequences result. Because of the hitherto existing results three development-models were introduced and discussed, each of which led to different end-products.  相似文献   

Long‐term tillage effects on the distribution of phosphorus fractions of loess soils in Germany     

Christiane Piegholdt  Daniel Geisseler  Heinz‐Josef Koch  Bernard Ludwig 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(2):217-226

Different tillage systems may affect P dynamics in soils due to differently distributed plant residues, different aggregate dynamics and erosion losses, but quantitative data are scarce. Objectives were to investigate the effect of tillage on the availability of P in a long‐term field trial on loess soils (Phaeozems and Luvisols) initiated from 1990 to 1997. Four research sites in E and S Germany were established with a crop rotation consisting of two times winter wheat followed by sugar beet. The treatments were no‐till (NT) without cultivation, except for seedbed preparation to a depth of 5 cm before sugar beet was sown and conventional tillage (CT) with mouldboard plowing down to 25–30 cm. Soil P was divided into different pools by a sequential extraction method, and total P (P_t) in the single P fractions was extracted by digesting the extracts of the fractionation to calculate the contents of organic P. The P_t content (792 mg [kg soil]^–1) in the topsoil (0–5 cm) of NT was 15% higher compared to CT, while with increasing depth the P_t content decreased more under NT than under CT. This was also true for the other P fractions except for residual P. The higher P contents in the topsoil of NT presumably resulted from the shallower incorporation of harvest residues and fertilizer P compared to CT, whereas estimated soil losses and thus also P losses due to water erosion were only small for both treatments. Contents of oxalate‐extractable Fe and organic C were positively related to the labile fractions of inorganic P, while there was a high correlation of the stable fractions with the clay contents and pH. Multiple regression analyses explained 50% of the variability of these P fractions. Overall, only small differences in the P fractions and availability were observed between the long‐term tillage treatments.  相似文献   

Editorial Board J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2/2013     

Karl‐Heinz Feger  Sven Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(2):129-129

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