A New Natural Planthopper Vector of Stolbur Phytoplasma in the Genus Pentastiridius (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)     

Frédéric Gatineau  Jean Larrue  Denis Clair  Frédéric Lorton  Marc Richard-Molard  Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(3):263-271

A new disease of sugar beet called Syndrome des Basses Richesses, which appeared in Burgundy and Franche-Comté, France, in 1991, is of uncertain aetiology. However, evidence for aerial transmission of the disease, symptom similarity with yellow wilt and preliminary results of phytoplasma detection, support the hypothesis of a phytoplasma being associated to the disease. A search for a natural phytoplasma vector, was conducted in Franche-Comté in 1997 and 1998, in an area where sugar beet crops had been affected since 1996. A cixiid, tentatively identified as Pentastiridius beieri, not described in the preceding years and not formerly reported as a phytoplasma vector, was present in sugar beet plots in high populations from June to August in 1997 and 1998. Individuals were captured and used for transmission experiments to periwinkle and sugar beet seedlings. They were further tested for the presence of a phytoplasma in their body, using PCR amplification of 16S rDNA of phytoplasmas. In 1997 and 1998, from 2% to 13.3% of the individuals carried a stolbur phytoplasma and insects which tested positive, appeared to have transmitted, through feeding, a stolbur phytoplasma to periwinkles and to sugar beets. This cixiid, whose vectoring capacity of stolbur phytoplasma to plants, is now clearly demonstrated, is available for experimental inoculations, in order to examine the role of phytoplasmas in the Syndrome des Basses Richesses, through the observation of symptom expression in phytoplasma-inoculated plants.  相似文献   

Case report: aortic valve endocarditis in a horse     

Fröhlich W  Wlaschitz S  Riedelberger K  Reifinger M 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,111(9):370-373

A case of endocarditis of the aortic valve in a 11 year old thoroughbred is presented. Diagnostic approach, the value of echocardiography, and the various symptoms, complications and prognosis are discussed. The horse with ruptured aortic valves due to endocarditis with severe aortic and mitral regurgitation causing congestive heart failure, was euthanised due to bad prognosis.  相似文献   

Unravelling complexities in human malaria transmission dynamics in Africa through a comprehensive knowledge of vector populations     

Fontenille D  Simard F 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2004,27(5):357-375

Malaria transmission dynamics is highly variable throughout Africa: inoculation rates vary from almost null to more than a 1000 infective bites per year, transmission can occur throughout the year or only during a couple of months, and heterogeneities are also observed between years within the same locale. Depending on the area, as much as five different anophelines species can transmit parasites to the human population. Major vectors are Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus, Anopheles nili and Anopheles moucheti. They all belong to species complexes or groups of closely related species that are very difficult to set apart on morphological grounds. Recent research on the bionomics, morphology and genetics of these mosquito species and populations produced innovative results. New species were described and straightforward molecular identification tools were implemented. We review here these recent findings and discuss research opportunities in light of recent advances in molecular entomology and genomics.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning of the swine IL-4 receptor alpha and IL-13 receptor 1-chains: effects of experimental Toxoplasma gondii, Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis infections on tissue mRNA levels     

Zarlenga DS  Dawson H  Kringel H  Solano-Aguilar G  Urban JF 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,101(3-4):223-234

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What is your diagnosis? Abdominal distension with loss of intra-abdominal contrast and decreased visibility of serosal surfaces of the small and large intestines     

Chuzel TA  Mai W  Ponce FM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(12):1921-1922

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Progressive ataxia in a captive North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) associated with brain stem spheroid formation     

Elvira Schettler  Kerstin Müller  Guido Fritsch  Stefan Kaiser  Leo Brunnberg  Kai Fr?lich  Gudrun Wibbelt 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(4):579-582

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Expressed sequence tags from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea     

Muriel Viaud  Fabrice Legeai  Jean-Marc Pradier  Yves Brygoo  Frédérique Bitton  Jean Weissenbach  Adeline Brunet-Simon  Aymeric Duclert  Sabine Fillinger  Dominique Fortini  Anastasia Gioti  Corinne Giraud  Sébastien Halary  Isabelle Lebrun  Pascal Le Pêcheur  Delphine Samson  Caroline Levis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,111(2):139-146

A large set of genes was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea by using an expressed sequence tag approach. The fungus was grown in axenic culture and a cDNA library was produced. From this library, 6559 ESTs were obtained. The combined sequences represent 3026 unisequences that corresponds to approximately one-quarter of the estimated total number of genes in B. cinerea. Approximately 18% of the ESTs showed significant similarities with genes coding for proteins with known functions,~56% were similar to genes coding for proteins with unknown functions and ~26% were orphans. A substantial B. cinerea gene inventory including putative virulence factors was therefore obtained and is now available at the Génoplante-Info Database interface (http://urgi.infobiogen.fr///Projects/GPiDB/Interface/).  相似文献   

Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Verticillium dahliae Isolates from Woody Ornamentals in Belgian Nurseries     

Anne Chandelier  Frédéric Laurent  David Dantinne  Léonie Mariage  Michel Etienne  Marc Cavelier 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(9):943-952

Isolates of Verticillium dahliae were collected from affected trees (Acer spp., Tilia spp. and Robinia spp.) and soils in Belgian ornamental nurseries. Nitrate non-utilizing mutants were produced and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were classified based on complementation tests with reference tester strains. Of the 30 isolates analysed, 12 were classified as VCG2B and 18 as VCG4B following the American classification. In order to distinguish VCG2B from VCG4B, specific polymerase chain reaction primers were designed based on the sequence of a VCG2B-associated Direct Amplification of Minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD) band generated with the core sequence of the phage M13 minisatellite DNA. Using this test, amplification products were generated for all the VCG2B isolates characterized in this study. In contrast, no signal was seen on ethidium–bromide agarose gel for VCG4B isolates. Pathogenicity tests were carried out in a glasshouse on maple-rooted cuttings inoculated with conidial suspensions of V. dahliae belonging to both groups (VCG2B/VCG4B). Some strains proved to be highly aggressive, while others did not. However, these different behaviours were not correlated with the VCGs.  相似文献   

Risk of introduction of BSE into Sweden by import of cattle from the United Kingdom     

Wahlström H  Elvander M  Engvall A  Vågsholm I 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,54(2):131-139

All cattle of United Kingdom origin imported to Sweden since 1980 were traced (n=94) and the probability that none of these imported cattle had clinical signs of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) at the year of slaughter (death) was calculated. If BSE had been introduced by live-animal imports, the consequences of such an event also was evaluated. The potential of the recently introduced surveillance system of high-risk cattle to detect such an event also was evaluated.We found that BSE most probably has not been introduced to Sweden by live-animal imports. We also found that, if this event had occurred and assuming a worst-case scenario that the animal was not prevented from being rendered, the rendering system (during certain periods) would not have prevented further spread of infection. Finally, we found that the BSE surveillance of high-risk cattle has not been in place long enough to verify that this event has not occurred (as of December 2001).  相似文献   

An immunologic investigation of canine eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy     

Clercx C  Peeters D  German AJ  Khelil Y  McEntee K  Vanderplasschen A  Schynts F  Hansen P  Detilleux J  Day MJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(3):229-237

Immunologic variables in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP) have not been extensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and to perform phenotypic subtyping of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood (PB) of 12 dogs with EBP at the time of diagnosis (TD) and to compare these data with those obtained in healthy dogs, as well as in EBP dogs after antibiotic therapy (TAB) and during corticosteroid treatment (TM). Matched samples of serum and BALF were used to determine Ig concentrations (IgG, IgM, and IgA) by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), from which a secretory index (SI) was calculated. Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in the BALF and PB by flow cytometry. Log values of BALF IgM and IgA were significantly higher (0.64+/-0.05 and 1.06+/-0.13, respectively) in EBP dogs at TD than in controls and then tended to decrease at TM (0.55+/-0.03 and 1.02+/-0.17, respectively). A calculated SI for IgA was not significantly increased. In the BALF of dogs with EBg the CD4: CD8 was significantly (P < .05) higher (22.6+/-30.3) than in controls (3.2+/-1.9), due to significantly higher CD4+ T cells and lower CD8+ T cells. At TM, the BALF T-cell percentages returned to normal (2.4+/-0.6). We propose that the influx of eosinophils into the airway of dogs with EBP is at least in part mediated by cytokines derived from CD4+ T cells. Further studies of canine cytokines and chemokines will help determine whether canine EBP involves type I hypersensitivity mechanisms regulated by Th2 lymphocytes.  相似文献