Significance of Wheat Flour Particle Size on Sponge Cake Baking Quality     

Hyun‐Wook Choi  Byung‐Kee Baik 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(2):150-156

We evaluated the effect and magnitude of flour particle size on sponge cake (SC) baking quality. Two different sets of wheat flours, including flours of reduced particle size obtained by regrinding and flour fractions of different particle size separated by sieving, were tested for batter properties and SC baking quality. The proportion of small particles (<55 μm) of flour was increased by 11.6–26.9% by regrinding. Despite the increased sodium carbonate solvent retention capacity, which was probably a result of the increased starch damage and particle size reduction, reground flour exhibited little change in density and viscosity of flour‐water batter and produced SC of improved volume by 0.8–15.0%. The volume of SC baked from flour fractions of small (<55 μm), intermediate (55–88 μm), and large (>88 μm) particles of soft and club wheat was in the range of 1,353–1,450, 1,040–1,195, and 955–1,130 mL, respectively. Even with comparable or higher protein content, flour fractions of intermediate particle size produced larger volume of SC than flour fractions of large particle size. The flour fractions of small particle size in soft white and club wheat exhibited lower flour‐water batter density (102.6–105.9 g/100 mL) than did those of large and intermediate particle fractions (105.2–108.2 g/100 mL). The viscosity of flour‐water batter was lowest in flour fractions of small particle size, higher in intermediate particles, and highest in large particles. Flour particle size exerted a considerable influence on batter density and viscosity and subsequently on SC volume and crumb structure. Fine particle size of flour overpowered the negative effects of elevated starch damage, water absorption, and protein content in SC baking.  相似文献   

Two-year field study shows little evidence that PPO-transgenic rice affects the structure of soil microbial communities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young Jin Chun  Hyo-Jeong Kim  Kee Woong Park  Soon-Chun Jeong  Bumkyu Lee  Kyoungwhan Back  Hwan Mook Kim  Chang-Gi Kim 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(4):453-461

There is global concern about the environmental consequences associated with transgenic crops. Their effects on the soil ecosystem are of special interest when assessing ecological safety and integrity. Although many efforts have been made to develop crops genetically modified to have resistance to protoporphyrin oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides, little is known about their influence on soil microbial communities. We conducted a 2-year field study and an analysis via terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to assess the impacts of PPO-transgenic rice on bacterial and fungal communities. In the first year we sampled the rhizosphere and surrounding bulk soil, while in the second year we sampled rhizosphere soil only. No differences were observed in the diversity indices and community composition of microbial communities between transgenic rice and its parental non-transgenic counterpart (cultivar Dongjin). Instead, community variation was strongly dependent on growth stage and year. Therefore, we observed no adverse effects by these crops of modified rice on the microbial community composition in paddy soils.  相似文献   

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth and nitrogen fixation of two soybean cultivars in northern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shu Kee Lam  Xingyu Hao  Erda Lin  Xue Han  Rob Norton  Arvin R. Mosier  Saman Seneweera  Deli Chen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(5):603-606

The effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybean under open-air conditions has not been reported. Two soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Zhonghuang 13 and cv. Zhonghuang 35) were grown to maturity under ambient (415?±?16?μmol?mol^?1) and elevated (550?±?17?μmol?mol^?1) [CO₂] at the free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experimental facility in northern China. Elevated [CO₂] increased above- and below-ground biomass by 16–18% and 11–20%, respectively, but had no significant effect on the tissue C/N ratio at maturity. Elevated [CO₂] increased the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa, estimated by natural abundance) from 59% to 79% for Zhonghuang 13, and the amount of N fixed from 166 to 275?kg N ha^?1, but had no significant effect on either parameter for Zhonghuang 35. These results suggest that variation in N₂ fixation ability in response to elevated [CO₂] should be used as key trait for selecting cultivars for future climate with respect to meeting the higher N demand driven by a carbon-rich atmosphere.  相似文献   

Promotion of growth,yield and fiber quality attributes of Egyptian cotton by bacillus strains in combination with mineral fertilizers     

Sayed Ahmed Hamed  Reda Zewail  Hala Abdalrahman  Ghazal El-Alal Fekry  Kee Woong Park 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(18):2337-2348

Abstract

Implementation of proper management practices using biological approaches is important to maintain soil quality and cotton yield in sandy desert soils of Egypt. This experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Experimental farm, Kafer El-Sheikh governorate, Cotton Research Institute of Egypt during 2016–2017 seasons to study the effect of inoculation with bacterial strains of Bacillus circulance (BC) and Bacillus megatherium (BM) and their co-inoculation in combinations with 50% and 100% of recommended dose fertilization (RDF) on growth, yield, and fiber properties of Egyptian cotton Giza-94. Results showed that all important morphological attributes of cotton such as plant growth, number of fruit sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint cotton yield and fiber properties significantly increased with the increase rate of RDF, and inoculation of cotton seeds with the bacterial strains exerted additive effects. The highest increase of cotton yield was observed at the combined use of bacterial strains BC?+?BM with 50% RDF followed by BC?+?BM with 100% RDF treatment which attributed on the cotton yield increase by 33% and 15% compared to the respective control. The application of Bacillus strains as a biofertilizer could be an alternative option to reduce considerable amounts of chemical fertilizers input by enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and, thereby, improves cotton productivity.  相似文献   

Preparation and properties of polarizing films for liquid crystal display prepared using iodine vapor     

Geun Hee Kim  Kee Jong Yoon 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(12):1999-2005

The properties of polarizing films prepared using iodine vapor and using I₂/KI solution are compared to investigate the possibility of using vapor phase iodine adsorption in preparing polarizing film. The structure of PVA films drawn to different draw ratios and the amount of iodine adsorbed in drawn PVA films using iodine vapor were investigated. Increases in the degree of crystallinity, crystalline orientation index and birefringence with increase in draw ratio of PVA film, were observed by WAXD and polarizing microscope analysis. The amounts of iodine adsorbed by PVA film were 2–4 wt% for 20 min. UV-visible analysis suggests that I₃ ^? and I₅ ^? structures of iodine exist in the polarizing film after drawing in boric acid solution. Single transmittance and degree of polarization of polarizing films prepared using iodine vapor were about 30–50 % and over 99 %, respectively, at total draw ratios of over 3. The possibility of employing vapor phase adsorption of iodine instead of solution adsorption to prepare commercial polarizing film is suggested.  相似文献   

Public advertising of Rx drugs — Disagreement with CVMA position          下载免费PDF全文

G. Kee Jim  P. Timothy Guichon 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1991,32(9):519

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应用生物反应器扩繁‘Casa Blanca’百合鳞茎     

廉美兰  朴炫春  白基烨 《园艺学报》2003,30(4):479-781

 在生物反应器内‘Casa Blanca’百合鳞茎的生长显著优于在固体培养基培养，培养16周后鳞茎鲜样质量为培养初期的22．4倍，但固体培养只达到16．5倍；5 L气球型生物反应器内接入400个小鳞茎时，可获得295个>1．1 g以上的鳞茎，多于其它培养密度；生物反应器内生产的鳞茎地上茎发生率高于在体培养基上培养的鳞茎，1．1 g以上的达到90％，但在固体培养基培养的鳞茎，2．1 g以上的也只达到65％。  相似文献   

Quantitative and Qualitative Role of Added Gluten on White Salted Noodles     

Sei Joon Park  Byung‐Kee Baik 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(6):646-652

A commercial gluten and glutens isolated from four soft and four hard wheat flours were incorporated into a hard and a soft white flour by replacement to directly determine the quantitative and qualitative role of gluten proteins in making noodles. Gluten incorporation (6%) decreased water absorption of noodle dough by 3%, shortened the length of the dough sheet by 15 and 18%, and increased the thickness of the dough sheet by 18 and 20% in soft and hard wheat flour, respectively. Noodles imbibed less water and imbibed water more slowly during cooking with gluten incorporation, which resulted in a 3‐min increase in cooking time for both soft and hard wheat noodles. Despite the extended cooking time of 3 min, noodles incorporated with 6% gluten exhibited decreases in cooking loss by 15% in soft wheat. In hard wheat flour, cooking loss of noodles was lowest with 2% incorporation of gluten. Tensile strength of fresh and cooked noodles, as well as hardness of cooked noodles, increased linearly with increase in gluten incorporation, regardless of cooking time and storage time after cooking. While hardness of cooked noodles either increased or showed no changes during storage for 4 hr, tensile strength of noodles decreased. There were large variations in hardness and tensile strength of cooked noodles incorporated with glutens isolated from eight different flours. Noodles incorporated with soft wheat glutens exhibited greater hardness and tensile strength than noodles with hard wheat glutens. Tensile strength of cooked noodles incorporated with eight different glutens negatively correlated with SDS sedimentation volume of wheat flours from which the glutens were isolated.  相似文献   

An effective biocontrol bioformulation against Phytophthora blight of pepper using growth mixtures of combined chitinolytic bacteria under different field conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young Cheol Kim  Hyunchae Jung  Kil Yong Kim  Seur Kee Park 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):373-382

Phytophthora blight of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici has devastating consequences when combined with other pathogens, including Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani. In order to develop a field-effective biocontrol strategy against Phytophthora blight of pepper, three chitinolytic bacteria, Serratia plymuthica strain C-1, strongly antagonistic to P. capsici, Chromobacterium sp. strain C-61, strongly antagonistic to R. solani, and Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C-3, antagonistic to R. solani and Fusarium spp., were selected. In pot studies, application of cultures combining the three bacterial strains effectively suppressed Phytophthora blight more than application of any single bacterial strain. Bioformulations developed from growth of the strains in a simple medium containing chitin under large batch conditions resulted in effective control in field applications. Efficacy of the bioformulated product depended on both the dose and timing of application. Although the undiluted product suppressed Phytophthora blight under all field conditions, a 10-fold diluted product was effective in solar-sterilized greenhouses and in fields with crop rotation. These results suggest that the developed product could be a new effective system to control Phytophthora blight disease in pepper.  相似文献   

Development of effective environmentally-friendly approaches to control Alternaria blight and anthracnose diseases of Korean ginseng     

Young Cheol Kim  Jang Hoon Lee  Yeoung-Seuk Bae  Bo-Kyoon Sohn  Seur Kee Park 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(4):443-450

In ginseng fields, Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria panax, and anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, have become serious problems in Korea, and control of these diseases relies mainly on intensive applications of fungicides. In an effort to develop an effective environmentally-friendly control system, we utilized preventative control approaches including rain shelter shading plates and the removal of dead plants, as well as a curative control approach, such as the application of microbial agents. In the presence of rain shelter shading plates, the occurrence of Alternaria blight and anthracnose decreased significantly compared to that seen with polyethylene shading nets. In addition, the eradication of dead ginseng plants, which harboured abundant spores of the pathogens, significantly reduced the incidence of both diseases. In fields with rain shelter shading plates and in which dead plants were eradicated, four applications of a bioformulated product containing chitinolytic bacterial strains in a simple medium containing chitin provided control similar in effect to that observed with the application of the fungicide under low disease pressure. The efficacy of the bioformulated product was decreased slightly under severe disease pressure. These findings indicate that integration of the three disease management measures might constitute a new effective and environmentally-friendly system for the control of Alternaria blight and anthracnose in Korean ginseng fields.  相似文献