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101.
Hidekazu Yamada Chie Takeda Aya Mizushima Kimi Yoshino Koyo Yonebayashi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):141-145
Although iodine is harmful to plants, rice plants ( Oryza sativa L.) absorbed iodine more selectively than bromine. To explain this selective absorption, the authors proposed the following hypothesis based on the fact that the standard redox potential for (I2 + 2e = 2I− ) is lower than that for (Br2 + 2e = 2Br− ) and (Fe3+ + e = Fe2+ ), and the roots of rice plants are able to oxidize ferrous ion (Fe2+ ) into ferric ion (Fe3+ ), namely rice plants oxidize iodide ion (I− ) to form molecular iodine (I2 ) via the oxidizing power of their roots, and absorb the molecular iodine formed more selectively than iodide ion. Bromine, by contrast, is absorbed by rice plants only in the form of ion (Br− ). According to this hypothesis, there should be a significant correlation between the oxidizing power of the rice roots and the amount of iodine absorbed. Therefore, the relationship between the oxidizing power of the roots and the concentration of iodine absorbed was studied in a water culture using 8 varieties of rice plants. Rice seedlings, 14 d after germination, were cultured in a solution containing 1 mg L−1 each of iodide and bromide ions for 3 d. The oxidizing power of the rice roots was evaluated based on the amount of 1-naphthylamine oxidized by the roots. A significant correlation (0.78, n = 16, 0.1% significant level) was found between the oxidizing power and the concentration of iodine absorbed by the roots. However, no relationship was found between the oxidizing power of the roots and the amount of bromine absorbed. 相似文献
102.
Matsufuji H Kido H Misawa H Yaguchi J Otsuki T Chino M Takeda M Yamagata K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3692-3701
The stability of red radish extract to light, heat, and hydrogen peroxide at different pH values (3, 5, and 7) was examined, in which major anthocyanins were pelargonidin glycosides acylated with a combination of p-coumaric, ferulic, or caffeic acids. The light irradiation (fluorescence light, 5000 lx; at 25 degrees C) indicated that the red radish extract was more stable at lower pH than at higher pH. The HPLC analyses revealed that diacylated anthocyanins in the extract were more stable to light at pH 3 than monoacylated anthocyanins. No significant difference in degradation rates of acylated anthocyanins at pH 5 was observed, whereas anthocyanins acylated with p-coumaric or ferulic acids were more stable at pH 7 than ones with caffeic acids. The stability to heat (at 90-95 degrees C) showed a tendency similar to that for light. The number of intramolecular acyl units contributes to stability to light and heat at lower pH, whereas the characteristics of intramolecular acyl units influence the stability at higher pH. The degradation behavior of red radish extract to H2O2 were almost the same to those of light and heat, depending on the pH. However, HPLC analyses revealed that the stability of individual acylated anthocyanins were independent of the pH. These data suggest that the characteristics, the number, and the binding site of intramolecular acyl units affect the stability of anthocyanin to H2O2. DPPH radical scavenging activity of all acylated anthocyanins was higher than those of pelargonidin and perlargonidin-3-glucoside. The activity of acylated anthocyanins mostly depended on the activity of intramolecular acyl units (caffeic acid > ferulic acid > p-coumaric acid). However, the activity was highly affected by the binding site of intramolecular acyl units even if anthocyanins have common acyl units. 相似文献
103.
Satoru Taniguchi Naoto Yamagata Katsutoshi Sakurai 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):315-324
The hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS)-montmorillonite (Mt) and hydroxyaluminum (HyA)-Mt complexes are important constituents of soil colloidal complexes in acidic environments. Oxalate and citrate are dominant organic acids in the root exudates of many plants. These acids, among other factors, strongly influence the adsorption behavior of HAS-Mt and HyA-Mt complexes. In this study, we investigated the adsorption phenomena of Cd on the HAS-Mt and HyA-Mt complexes as influenced by oxalate and citrate. Without addition of oxalate and citrate, the adsorption of Cd on Mt was easy. However, in the presence of oxalate and citrate, the adsorption was strongly inhibited. In contrast, the HAS-Mt and HyA-Mt complexes in the absence of oxalate and citrate hardly adsorbed Cd. In the presence of oxalate, the HAS-Mt and HyA-Mt complexes were able to adsorb Cd. Thus, optimal concentration of oxalate for Cd adsorption on both complexes could be determined. Similarly, the HyA-Mt complex showed an optimal concentration of citrate for Cd adsorption. However, the HAS-Mt complex did not adsorb Cd in the presence of citrate. We concluded that the optimal concentrations of oxalate and citrate for Cd adsorption depended on the form of Cd ions and their proportion in the solution. Based on the amount of Cd adsorbed and the distribution of Cd species in the solution, the adsorption of Cd on the HAS-Mt and HyA-Mt complexes took place in various chemical forms. 相似文献
104.
Hidekazu Kobayashi 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):227-241
ABSTRACT
Endoreduplication is the phenomenon by which cells increase their ploidy. Endoreduplication is initiated by the transition from the mitotic cell cycle to the endocycle, in which DNA replication occurs without a subsequent chromosome separation and cytokinesis, and is enhanced by endocycle reiteration. This process appears to play an important role in endosperm development, but the characteristics of endoreduplication in the endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa) remain unclear. To elucidate the features and variations of endoreduplication in rice endosperm, endoreduplication progression in the developing endosperm was compared among 10 cultivars based on flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The flow cytometric analysis detected significant differences among 10 cultivars in the following three parameters: mean ploidy of all nuclei, the proportion of nuclei ≥6C (%E, an estimate of the initiation of the endocycle), and the mean ploidy of nuclei ≥6C (E6P, an estimate of the reiteration of the endocycle). However, no significant correlation between %E and E6P was observed, suggesting that the initiation and reiteration of the endocycle are independently regulated. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the ploidy of the nuclei was higher in the intermediate region than in the central and peripheral regions of the endosperm. Cells with a higher ploidy were larger in the developing endosperm. Furthermore, the mean ploidy in the developing endosperm was significantly correlated with the mean cell size in the mature endosperm. These results indicate that endoreduplication progression in the endosperm differed significantly among the 10 rice cultivars and such differences may influence endosperm cell size. 相似文献
105.
Anzai T Kamada M Niwa H Eguchi M Nishi H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(4):519-522
Contagious equine metritis (CEM), a contagious venereal disease of horses, invaded Japan in 1980 and spread in the Thoroughbred population of the Hidaka-Iburi district of Hokkaido. To eradicate CEM, we ran a program aimed at detecting Taylorella equigenitalis, the causal agent, in carrier horses by using the PCR test, followed by culling or treatment. In 2001, the first year of the program, 12,356 Thoroughbred racing stallions and mares were tested and 11 carriers were found. Four, two, one, and one carrier mares were detected in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively, by application of the program at the same scale as in 2001. No PCR-positive horses were found from 2006 to 2010. These results strongly suggest that CEM was eradicated from Japan by 2010. 相似文献
106.
Atsutoshi KUWANO Hidekazu NIWA Tohru HIGUCHI Hideya MITSUI Robert A. AGNE 《Journal of Equine Science》2012,23(3):41-46
A 3-year-old thoroughbred colt presented with canker on its left hind foot. Subsequent
development of cottage cheese-like horns and dermatitis disturbed healing, despite the use
of miscellaneous orthodox treatment approaches to the lesions. Histological examination
revealed exudative and suppurative dermatitis, and proliferatively suppurative epidermitis
infected with helically coiled treponemes. Total debridement under general anesthesia led
to a temporary improvement, but the ground surface regenerated abnormal epidermis similar
to that observed initially after surgery. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) was attempted,
which removed all the abnormal tissue. After MDT, general farriery trimming helped to
correct the distorted ground surface, and the horse returned to constant training and
eventually raced. This case shows that MDT was successfully used for treatment of an
intractable and treponemes-infected canker. 相似文献
107.
Takashi Yamanaka Manabu Nemoto Hiroshi Bannai Koji Tsujimura Takashi Kondo Tomio Matsumura Masanori Muranaka Takanori Ueno Yuta Kinoshita Hidekazu Niwa Kazuya IPJ Hidari Takashi Suzuki 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):25
Background
Since equine influenza A virus (H3N8) was transmitted to dogs in the United States in 2004, the causative virus, which is called canine influenza A virus (CIV), has become widespread in dogs. To date, it has remained unclear whether or not CIV-infected dogs could transmit CIV to horses. To address this, we tested whether or not close contact between horses and dogs experimentally infected with CIV would result in its interspecies transmission.Methods
Three pairs of animals consisting of a dog inoculated with CIV (108.3 egg infectious dose50/dog) and a healthy horse were kept together in individual stalls for 15 consecutive days. During the study, all the dogs and horses were clinically observed. Virus titres in nasal swab extracts and serological responses were also evaluated. In addition, all the animals were subjected to a gross pathological examination after euthanasia.Results
All three dogs inoculated with CIV exhibited clinical signs including, pyrexia, cough, nasal discharge, virus shedding and seroconversion. Gross pathology revealed lung consolidations in all the dogs, and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the lesions. Meanwhile, none of the paired horses showed any clinical signs, virus shedding or seroconversion. Moreover, gross pathology revealed no lesions in the respiratory tracts including the lungs of the horses.Conclusions
These findings may indicate that a single dog infected with CIV is not sufficient to constitute a source of CIV infection in horses. 相似文献108.
Two Japanese monkeys of both sexes were examined for density of Toruli tactiles (TT) on the shaved skin stained with methylene blue solution. Each Torulus tactilis was located by the aid of a binocular loupe and marked with white lacquer. The distribution of marked TT was estimated by a mean of TT per 2cm square (2CS) of skin on the body surface. The results obtained are as follows. The mean per 2CS on the entire body surface was approximately 8.7 in the female specimen and approximately 10.0 in the male specimen. The density of distribution of TT was highest in the temporal and buccal areas, on the neck, loins and the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the arms and forearms. Density was moderate in the parieto-occipital and gluteal areas, the back, the ventral surface of the cranial half of the trunk and the lateral surface of the thigh. Density was low, to near absence in the circumanal area, on the nose, upper eyelids, cars, ischial callosities, external genitals, palms and soles. 相似文献
109.
110.