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Mustafa Roma Iqbal Muhammad Javed Hamza Muhammad Rehman Atiq Ur Buzdar Ismail Kamal Hira Mansoor Shahid Amin Imran 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(4):917-931
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a reverse genetic tool used to identify the function of individual genes by reducing their expression. Here VIGS was... 相似文献
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Hari Bahadur Khatri-Chhetri Govinda Prasad Timsina Hira Kaji Manandhar Maurice Moens 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(4):457-469
Holotrichia longipennis Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a serious pest of commercial crops in Siduwa, Dhankuta, Nepal. Seven indigenous isolates
of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema lamjungense LMT5, S. lamjungense SS4, S. everestense DKP4, S. abbasi CS1, S. sp. KL1, Heterorhabditis indica CK2 and H. indica CK6) were used in a series of bioassays against the insect. All isolates showed an increased dispersal in response to H. longipennis. Nematodes were more attracted towards third instar larvae than to second instars. Differences in penetration and multiplication
in the insect were observed amongst the seven isolates. Steinernema lamjungense LMT5, S. everestense DKP4 and S. abbasi CS1 caused greater mortality than other isolates to different developmental stages. Pupae and second instar larvae were more
susceptible than third instar larvae. Significant differences were observed in LT50 values of the isolates against different stages of H. longipennis. Three isolates (S. lamjungense LMT5, S. everestense DKP4 and S. abbasi CS1) along with a commonly used insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were tested against this insect in pot and field experiments.
In pot experiments using maize and cabbage as a host crop, S. lamjungense LMT5 and S. everestense DKP4 performed better than S. abbasi CS1 and yielded a mortality comparable with chlorpyrifos. Similar results were observed in field experiments 3 weeks after
nematode application. These experiments overall suggest S. lamjungense LMT5 to be a promising biocontrol agent against H. longipennis followed by S. everestense DKP4 and S. abbasi CS1. 相似文献
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Rasheed Adnan Wassan Ghulam Mustafa Khanzada Hira Solangi Abdul Malik Han Ruicai Li Huijie Bian Jianmin Wu Ziming 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):1889-1903
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Aluminium toxicity is adversely affecting the rice growth and production in acidic soils of developing countries. Rice is popular and stable crop which meets... 相似文献
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About half of the total fresh water used for irrigation in Asia is used for rice production. Decreasing water resources and increasing water costs necessitates increasing water use efficiency for rice. The most common method of irrigation in northwestern India is through alternate wetting and drying with a fixed irrigation interval, irrespective of soil type and climatic demand resulting in over-irrigation or under-irrigation under different soil and weather situations. Soil matric potential may be an ideal criterion for irrigation, since variable atmospheric evaporativity, soil texture, cultural practices and water management affect rice irrigation water requirements. A 4-year field study was conducted to assess the feasibility of rice irrigation scheduling on the basis of soil matric potential and to determine the optimum matric potential so as to optimize irrigation water without any adverse effect on the yield. The treatments included scheduling irrigation to rice with tensiometers installed at 15–20 cm soil depth at five levels of soil matric suction viz. 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240±20 cm, in addition to the recommended practice of alternate wetting and drying with an interval of 2 days after complete infiltration of ponded water. The grain yield of rice remained unaffected up to soil moisture suction of 160±20 cm each year. Increasing soil matric suction to 200 and 240±20 cm decreased rice grain yield non-significantly by 0–7% and 2–15%, respectively, over different years compared to the recommended practice of the 2-day interval for scheduling irrigation. Irrigation at 160±20 cm soil matric suction helped save 30–35% irrigation water compared to that used with the 2-day interval irrigation. With a soil matric potential irrigation criterion the total amount of irrigation water used was a function of the number of rainy days and evaporation during the rice season. 相似文献
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Wild melon diversity in India (Punjab State) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Anamika Roy S. S. Bal M. Fergany Sukhjeet Kaur Hira Singh Ajaz A. Malik Jugpreet Singh A. J. Monforte N. P. S. Dhillon 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(5):755-767
We present here the first comprehensive genetic characterization of wild melon accessions from northern India. The genetic diversity among 43 wild melon accessions collected from the six agro-ecological regions of the Punjab State of India was assessed by measuring variation at 16 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit morphological traits, two yield-associated traits, root nematode resistance and biochemical composition (ascorbic acid, carotenoids, titrable acidity). Variation among accessions was observed in plant habit and fruit traits and wild melon germplasm with high acidity and elevated carotenoid content and possessing resistance to Meloidogyne incognita was identified in the collection. A high level of genetic variability in wild melon germplasm was suggested by SSR analysis. Comparative analysis using SSRs of the genetic variability between wild melons from the north and other melons from the south and east regions of India and also reference accessions of cultivated melon from Spain, Japan, Korea, Maldives, Iraq and Israel, showed regional differentiation among Indian melon accessions and that Indian germplasm was not closely related to melon accessions from other parts of the world. A highly drought tolerant accession belonging to var. agrestis Naud. was also identified. 相似文献
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The physical quality of the soil, which creates suitable environment for the availability and uptake of the plant nutrients, is generally ignored. Though the effect of organic manures on soil physical quality has been widely appreciated but that of inorganic fertilizers is studied to a lesser extent. The present study carried out during 2004–2005 aims to characterize the soil physical quality in relation to the long-term (32 years) application of farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. The treatments during both maize and wheat crops were (i) farm yard manure at 20 Mg ha−1 (FYM), (ii) nitrogen at 100 kg ha−1 (N100), (iii) nitrogen and phosphorus at 100 and 50 kg ha−1 (N100P50) and (iv) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 100, 50 and 50 kg ha−1 (N100P50K50) in addition to (v) control treatment, i.e. without any fertilizer and/or FYM addition. The treatments were replicated four times in randomized block design in a sandy loam (Typic Ustipsament, non-saline, slightly alkaline). Bulk density, organic carbon content, structural stability of soil aggregates and water holding capacity of 0–60 cm soil layer were measured.The application of FYM to maize increased the organic carbon by 16% whereas N100P50K50 increased it by 21%. The increased organic matter with both FYM and N100P50K50 increased the total soil porosity and decreased soil bulk density from that in control plots. The mean weight diameter (MWD) was highest in FYM plots of both maize (0.160 mm) and wheat (0.172 mm) closely followed by that in N100P50K50 plots. The effect of FYM in increasing the MWD decreased with soil depth. The average water holding capacity (WHC) was higher with FYM and N100P50K50 application than that in control plots. The MWD, total porosity, OC content and WHC improved with the application of balanced application of fertilizers. The grain yield and uptake of N, P and K by both maize and wheat were higher with the application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers than in control plots. The uptake of N, P and K increased with the application of FYM and N100P50K50. 相似文献
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Prem Sagar Maurya Radhamma Lakshmipathy Rakesh Balaraju Pradeep Saroj Kumar Krishnendu Kundu Rajat Garg Hira Ram Ashok Kumar Partha Sarathi Banerjee 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):941-946
A total of 938 faecal samples (461 cattle calves, 264 buffalo calves, 55 lambs, 116 kids and 42 piglets) from different livestock farms and individual small holdings in six targeted states of India were collected and screened by modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining technique to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and its association with age, sex, season and faecal consistency in domesticated animals. Overall, 16.2 % of the animals were positive for Cryptosporidium infection with prevalence of 16.3, 24.2, 1.8, 3.5 and 19.1 % in cattle calves, buffalo calves, lambs, kids and piglets, respectively. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher (p?<?0.05) in bovines (19.3 % cattle and 33.7 % buffalo) below 1 month of age than in animals between 1 and 3 months of age. But in piglets, it was higher in the age group of 1 to 3 months (22.6 %) than in younger animals (9.1 %). Also, higher prevalence (p?>?0.05) was recorded in females than in males. Seasons had a significant effect (p?<?0.05) on the prevalence of infection in large ruminants, with the highest prevalence in monsoon (cattle 28.8 % and buffalo 36.6 %) followed by pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. However, in case of sheep and goats, the prevalence was higher (p?>?0.05) in post-monsoon than in monsoon season. A high degree of association was noticed between Cryptosporidium infection and diarrhoea in ruminants screened during the present study. But, in case of pigs, the prevalence was higher in non-diarrhoeic than in diarrhoeic animals. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. based on nested PCR amplification of partial 18S rRNA and its subsequent digestion with SspI, VspI and MboII restriction enzymes revealed prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum in representative number of positive samples of cattle, buffalo and goats. 相似文献
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Soil fertility, one of the important determinants of agricultural productivity, is generally thought to be supplemented through the application of nutrients mainly through inorganic fertilizers. The physical fertility of the soil, which creates suitable environment for the availability and uptake of these nutrients, is generally ignored. The present study aims to characterize the soil physical environment in relation to the long term application of farm yard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilizers in rice–wheat. The treatments during both rice and wheat crops were (i) farm yard manure @ 20 t ha−1 (FYM); (ii) nitrogen @ 120 kg ha−1 (N120); (iii) nitrogen and phosphorus @ 120 and 30 kg ha−1 (N120P30) and (iv) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium @ 120, 30 and 30 kg ha−1 (N120P30K30) in addition to (iv) control treatment, i.e. without any fertilizer and/or FYM addition. The treatments were replicated four times in randomized block design in a sandy loam (typic Ustipsament, non-saline, slightly alkaline). Bulk density, structural stability of soil aggregates and water holding capacity of 0–60 cm soil layer were measured.
The average mean weight diameter (MWD) was highest in FYM-plots both in rice (0.237 mm) and wheat (0.249 mm) closely followed by that in N120P30K30 plots. The effect of FYM in increasing the MWD decreased with soil depth. The addition of both FYM and N120P30K30 increased the organic carbon by 44 and 37%, respectively in rice. The total porosity of soil increased with the application of both FYM and N120P30K30 from that in control plots. In 0–15 cm soil layer, the total porosity increased by 25% with FYM from that in control plots. This difference decreased to 13% in 15–30 cm soil layer. The average water holding capacity (WHC) was 16 and 11% higher with FYM and N120P30K30 application from that in control plots. The MWD, total porosity and WHC improved with the application of balanced application of fertilizers. The grain yield and uptake of N, P and K by both rice and wheat were higher with the application of FYM and inorganic fertilizers than in control plots. The carbon sequestration rate after 32 years was maximum (0.31 t ha−1 year−1) in FYM-plots, followed by 0.26 t ha−1 year−1 in N120P30K30-plots, 0.19 t ha−1 year−1 in N120P30 and minimum (0.13 t ha−1 year−1) in N120-plots. 相似文献