Stages in the History of China's Acid Rain Control Strategy in the Light of China-Japan Relations     

Haiping Lai  Hiroyuki Kawashima  Junko Shindo  Keiji Ohga 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1843-1848

We analyze the history of acid rain in China over the last three decades in the light of the relationship between China and Japan. China has been aware of the problem of acid rain and has been conducting scientific research since the late 1970s. However, little effort has been put into practical countermeasures. In the early 1990s, acid rain was re-evaluated as an international environmental problem. Meanwhile, Japan became concerned about trans-boundary air pollution from China. What is important is that Japan's concern strongly influences China's acid rain policy. In the context of growing international concern for environmental problems, China has taken remarkable steps to control acid rain. In this respect, dealing with acid rain is an issue of national pride for China.  相似文献   

Nitrogen application method for improving yield and protein content of "Kitanokaori", a new variety of winter wheat for bread use in Hokkaido     

Masako TAKEBE  Keiki OKAZAKI  Toshihiko KARASAWA  Jiro WATANABE  Yasuo OHSHITA  Hiroyuki TSUJI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(4):576-576

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Estimation of the amount of nutrients in livestock manure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kazunori KOHYAMA  Masayuki HOJITO  Hiroyuki SASAKI  Shoji MATSUURA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(4):576-577

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Isolation and characterization of aminopeptidase (Jc-peptidase) from Japanese cedar pollen (Cryptomeria japonica)     

Noguchi Y  Nagata H  Koganei H  Kodera Y  Hiroto M  Nishimura H  Inada Y  Matsushima A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(12):3540-3543

An aminopeptidase, Jc-peptidase, was purified from Japanese cedar pollen by seven steps, including precipitation with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-agarose, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified Jc-peptidease has a molecular weight of 42 kDa and hydrolyzes the synthetic substrates of L-phenylalanyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Phe-MCA) with Km = 5 x 10(-5) M, Tyr-MCA with Km = 7 x 10(-4) M, Leu-MCA with Km = 1 x 10(-3) M, and Met-MCA with Km = 1 x 10(-3) M. Other MCA analogues such as Arg-MCA or Glu-MCA failed to serve as its substrates. The activity was inhibited in the presence of phebestin, [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-valyl]-L-phenylalanine, with Ki = 4.7 x 10(-5) M, or bestatin, [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl]-L-leucine, with Ki = 1.1 x 10(-4) M. According to amino acid sequence analysis, the N-terminal amino group seems to be blocked. The physiological function of the aminopeptidase (Jc-peptidase) has not been clarified in vivo.  相似文献   

Fat depot‐specific differences in leptin mRNA expression and its relation to adipocyte size in steers     

Seung Hak YANG  Tohru MATSUI  Hiroyuki KAWACHI  Tomoya YAMADA  Naoto NAKANISHI  Hideo YANO 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):17-21

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to investigate leptin mRNA expression, adipocyte size, and their relationship in several adipose tissues of fattening steers. Subcutaneous, perirenal, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues were collected from three crossbred steers (Japanese Black cattle X Holstein) aged 21 months. The mRNA level and adipocyte diameter were determined in these adipose tissues. The intramuscular adipose tissue had a lower leptin mRNA level than the intermuscular and perirenal adipose tissues (P < 0.05). Leptin mRNA level was lower in the subcutaneous depot than in the intermuscular depot (P < 0.05). Adipocyte diameter was larger in the intermuscular adipose tissue than in the subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues (P < 0.05). Leptin mRNA level was positively correlated with adipocyte diameter (r² = 0.81, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the cattle have fat depot‐specific differences in leptin gene expression, which are a result of a difference in adipocyte size.  相似文献   

‘巨峰’葡萄主梢和副梢花器官与种子发育的研究     

胡建芳  张大鹏  贺海洋  松井弘之 《园艺学报》2001,28(3):262-264

 ‘巨峰’葡萄主梢花粉粒大于副梢, 花粉染色率与副梢差异不显著, 发芽率低于副梢, 但花粉发芽率不影响种子的形成。主梢小花雌蕊在减数分裂后形成的功能大孢子小于副梢。同时开花前主梢胚囊的发育状况优于副梢, 开花期正常胚囊率主梢也明显低于副梢。因此, 开花前后主梢异常胚囊的出现是导致受精发生障碍并使结籽率低下的原因。  相似文献   

Effect of the strain combination of the donor and recipient on the production efficiency of W‐bearing sperm in mixed‐sex germline chimeric chickens     

Hiroshi KAGAMI  Jun YASUDA  Takahiro TAGAMI  Mitsuru NAITO  Yuko MATSUBARA  Takashi HARUMI  Takamasa NOGUCHI  Yasuhiro YAMAMOTO  Taikai TAKAHASHI  Junichi MATSUYAMA  Hiroyuki KOMATSU  Tamao ONO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):453-456

Effect of the strain combination of the donor and recipient on production efficiency of W‐bearing sperm in mixed‐sex chimeric testes was analyzed. The combinations of the donors and recipients were White Leghorn (WL) and Rhode Island Red (RIR), and vice versa. Generated mixed‐sex chimeras that had the male phenotype at sexual maturity were classified into four groups: (1) a female WL donor and a male RIR recipient; (2) a male WL donor and a female RIR recipient; (3) a female RIR donor and a male WL recipient; (4) a male RIR donor and a female WL recipient. The mean number of W‐bearing sperm detected by in situ hybridization among 10 000 sperm observed were 147, 165, 30 and 45 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The numbers in groups 1 and 2 were both significantly higher than those of groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). The combination of a WL donor and a RIR recipient produced W‐bearing sperm more efficiently than the reverse combination.  相似文献   

Relationship between the development of the gubernaculum and the testicular descent in the rat fetus: macroscopic and light and electron microscopic observation     

N Fujikake  H Togashi  M Yamamoto  K Arishima  Y Ueda  Y Eguchi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1989,51(2):416-424

The gubernaculum consists of the gubernacular cord connected with the vas deferens and the gubernacular bulb connected with the retroabdominal wall. The cord was first distinguished on day 15 of gestation. Its length reached the peak on day 16, followed by a reduction until day 18 to be almost constant thereafter. The bulb was first distinguished on day 16, and its length was steadily increased toward term. The testis began to descend with a reduced length of the cord. By day 19, the testis descended close to the caudal part of the bulb by the sharp bending of the cord. Microscopically, the bulb consisted at first of a centrally located mesenchymal mass and of a covering layer of myoblasts. Thereafter, the mesenchymal mass was gradually shifted toward the cranial part of the bulb, trailing loose mesenchymal tissue in the caudal part of the bulb. On day 19, the mass was decreased in cell population but increased in amount of collagen fibers. It is suggested that the testicular descent starts on day 16 together with the commencement of shortening of the gubernacular cord and enlargement of the gubernacular bulb.  相似文献   

Ability of CD8+ T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity and FIV proviral DNA load in mononuclear cells in FIV-infected cats     

Hohdatsu T  Nakanishi T  Saito I  Koyama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(1):129-131

We investigated the relationship between CD8+ T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity and FIV proviral DNA load integrated in mononuclear cells. The anti-FIV activity and the proviral DNA load were correlated, and the number of proviral DNA copies was high in cats with decreased anti-FIV activity. Particularly, no anti-FIV activity was detected in the cats staged as having an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex or AIDS, and the number of proviral DNA copies was obviously increased compared to those in the cats in the asymptomatic stage. These results suggest that decreased anti-FIV activity destroys the control of in vivo FIV replication, which leads to an increased proviral DNA load with the progression of the clinical stage of disease.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against porcine interleukin-4   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ishikura Y  Kato H  Hashimoto T  Nishimura Y  Iwata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):503-508

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an important regulatory cytokine produced by activated T lymphocytes and mast cells, and regulates the growth and differentiation of cells such as B and T lymphocytes. In the present study, recombinant thioredoxin (Trx)-porcine IL-4 (pIL-4) fusion protein was prepared by Escherichia coli (E. coli), and by using this protein as an immunogen, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pIL-4 were produced to establish a basis for a research on immune responses in pigs. Six stable hybridoma cell lines were successfully established and specific binding of each mAb to recombinant pIL-4 produced by E. coli and insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus was shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or immunoblot analysis. Isotype analyses of these mAbs revealed that the subclass of 5 out of 6 mAbs was IgG1 and the rest was IgG2b. Further, assessment of their epitopes by competition binding assay indicated that the mAbs obtained in this study bound to 4 different epitopes. The recombinant proteins and mAbs produced in this study will be useful tools for the assessment of porcine immune system.  相似文献