Lack of agreement between thermodilution and echocardiographic determination of cardiac output during normovolemia and acute hemorrhage in clinically healthy, anesthetized dogs     

Thomas K. Day  DVM  MS  DACVA  DACVECC    Carolyn R. Boyle  PhD    Merrilee Holland  DVM  DACVR 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2007,17(1):22-31

Objective and hypothesis: To determine whether or not there is agreement between the thermodilution and echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output (CO) during normovolemia and acute hemorrhage. The hypothesis was that there will be agreement between echocardiographic measurement of CO (ECO) and thermodilution measurement of CO (TDCO) during normovolemia and acute hemorrhage. Design: CO was measured by both thermodilution and echocardiography during α‐chloralose anesthesia in dogs before and 15 and 30 minutes following acute arterial hemorrhage. Setting: Laboratory investigation. Animals: Eighteen clinically healthy dogs, weighing 20–25 kg, anesthetized with α‐chloralose. Interventions: Acute arterial hemorrhage of approximately 50% of the total blood volume. CO was measured by thermodilution and echocardiography before and 15 and 30 minutes following hemorrhage. Measurements and main results: Acute hemorrhage resulted in a significant decrease in CO. There was a lack of agreement between the 2 methods to measure CO at each time and at all anatomic points of measurement in the aorta and pulmonary artery. Conclusion: There is a lack of agreement between the 2 methods; thus, determination of CO by echocardiography may not be a clinically useful tool following hemorrhage in dogs.  相似文献   

THE EARTH'S CRUST     

Holland TH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1914,40(1033):533-541

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Rundschau     

RD i. R. Dr. Edmund Leib 《Journal of pest science》1986,59(4):77-78

Ohne ZusammenfassungPflanzenschutzorganisation für Europa und die Mittelmeerländer  相似文献   

Rundschau     

RD i. R. Dr. Emdund Leib 《Journal of pest science》1983,56(5):98-102

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Umweltorientierter Pflanzenschutz     

RD Dr. Edmund Leib 《Journal of pest science》1970,43(8):113-117

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ADRENAL GLAND SIZE COMPARED TO BODY WEIGHT IN NORMAL DOGS          下载免费PDF全文

Stacy N. Soulsby  Merrilee Holland  Judith A. Hudson  Ellen N. Behrend 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(3):317-326

The accepted cut‐off value for adrenal gland maximum diameter of 0.74 cm to distinguish adrenal gland enlargement in dogs regardless of body weight may not be appropriate for small to medium breed dogs. The purpose of the current retrospective study was to examine adrenal gland dimensions as a function of body weight in healthy dogs in three weight categories (< 10 kg, 10–30 kg, and > 30 kg) representing small, medium, and large breeds, respectively, to establish greater confidence in determining if adrenal gland size is abnormal. The measurements of length (sagittal plane), cranial and caudal pole thickness (sagittal and transverse planes), and caudal pole width (transverse plane) of both adrenal glands were obtained ultrasonographically in clinically healthy dogs (n = 45) with 15 dogs in each weight group. Findings support our hypothesis that adrenal gland size correlates with body weight in normal dogs, and more precise reference intervals should be created for adrenal gland size by categorizing dogs as small, medium, or large breed. The caudal pole thickness of either adrenal gland in a sagittal plane was the best dimension for evaluating adrenal gland size based on low variability, ease, and reliability in measurement.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three formulations of firocoxib in healthy horses          下载免费PDF全文

B. Holland  C. Fogle  A. T. Blikslager  A. Curling  B. M. Barlow  J. Schirmer  J. L. Davis 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2015,38(3):249-256

The objectives of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics and COX selectivity of three commercially available formulations of firocoxib in the horse. Six healthy adult horses were administered a single dose of 57 mg intravenous, oral paste or oral tablet firocoxib in a three‐way, randomized, crossover design. Blood was collected at predetermined times for PGE₂ and TXB₂ concentrations, as well as plasma drug concentrations. Similar to other reports, firocoxib exhibited a long elimination half‐life (31.07 ± 10.64 h), a large volume of distribution (1.81 ± 0.59L/kg), and a slow clearance (42.61 ± 11.28 mL/h/kg). Comparison of the oral formulations revealed a higher C_max, shorter T_max, and greater AUC for the paste compared to the tablet. Bioavailability was 112% and 88% for the paste and tablet, respectively. Maximum inhibition of PGE₂ was 83.76% for the I.V. formulation, 52.95% for the oral paste formulation, and 46.22% for the oral tablet formulation. Pharmacodynamic modeling suggests an IC₅₀ of approximately 27 ng/mL and an IC₈₀ of 108 ng/ mL for COX2 inhibition. Inhibition of TXB₂ production was not detected. This study indicates a lack of bioequivalence between the oral formulations of firocoxib when administered as a single dose to healthy horses.  相似文献   

Effects of ration level in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), on sensory characteristics, lipid content and fatty acid composition     

L. JOHANSSON  A. KIESSLING  T. ÅSGÅRD  L. BERGLUND 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1995,1(1):59-66

Effects of feed ration levels (RLs) and age on sensory characteristics, fillet lipid content (LC) and fatty acid composition (FA) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fillet were investigated in a longitudinal feeding experiment. Daily RLs were administered as a percentage of the ration size necessary for expected maximum growth (RL100). Fish on RL50, RL75, RL100 and RL200 were sampled at 1.4, 2.0 and 2.4 years of age. Analyses of LC and FA were carried out on a fillet cross-section. Sensory analyses were performed by an expert panel using ranking and conventional profiling. RL had no effect on the intensity of fresh smell or any sensory characteristic of taste or consistency of fish on RLs over 75%, irrespective of age; fish on RL50, however, scored significantly lower for fresh taste and firmness. Age had no effect on the intensity of total taste, whereas fresh taste increased and rancidity decreased with increasing age irrespective of RL. LC related strongly to RL and age, and increased up to 2.0 years of age. An increase in LC resulted in a higher level of monounsaturated FA and a lower level of polyunsaturated FA. A restriction to RL75 had no negative effects on sensory characteristics, LC or FA of the fillet.  相似文献   

Recovery from neuromuscular block in dogs: restoration of spontaneous ventilation does not exclude residual blockade     

Manuel Martin‐Flores  Daniel M Sakai  Luis Campoy  RD Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(3):269-277

ObjectiveTo evaluate if return of spontaneous ventilation to pre-relaxation values indicates complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade.Study designProspective, with each individual acting as its own control.AnimalsTen healthy adult female Beagle dogs weighing 6.2–9.4 kg.MethodsDogs were anesthetized with propofol, dexemedetomidine and isoflurane. Spontaneous ventilation was assessed by measuring end-tidal CO₂, expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, respiratory rate and minute ventilation. Vecuronium 25 μg kg^?1 IV was administered and neuromuscular block was evaluated by measuring the train-of-four (TOF) ratio with acceleromyography in the hind limb. During spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block, the TOF ratio when each ventilatory variable returned to baseline was recorded.ResultsThis dose of vecuronium produced moderate neuromuscular block in all dogs, with TOF ratio values of 0–18% at maximal block. Expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow and minute ventilation returned to pre-relaxation values when the median TOF ratio was ≤ 20%. The median TOF ratio was 42% when the end-tidal CO₂ returned to pre-relaxation values.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSignificant residual neuromuscular block could be measured at the hind limb with acceleromyography when ventilation had spontaneously returned to pre-vecuronium values. Monitoring spontaneous ventilation, including end-tidal CO₂, expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow or minute ventilation cannot be used as a surrogate for objective neuromuscular monitoring, and this practice may increase the risk of postoperative residual paralysis.  相似文献   

Egtved virus: temperature-dependent immune response of trout to infection with low-virulence virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. E. VESTERGÅRD JØRGENSEN 《Journal of fish diseases》1982,5(1):47-55

Abstract. The present report deals with experiments concerning the theoretical basis for development of a live, attenuated vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, on the basis of a virus strain derived from the Egtved virus reference strain F, the pathogenicity of which has been strongly reduced by in vitro passage. It is shown that the low pathogenicity of the virus (designated the Reva strain) is a genetically stable feature and that the protection against VHS induced by infection with the virus is due to an immune response. Following immunological priming at 10°C partial protection developed at 5° 10° and 15° but not at 20°C, whereas neutralizing antibody was produced at all four temperatures by some of the fish. The duration of virus persistence in trout was found to be inversely proportional to the water temperature.  相似文献