台湾地区水库集水区治理成效评估方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李铁民  谢政道  王昭堡  王文江  吴富春 《水土保持研究》1999,6(3):16-23

介绍了台湾水库集水区治理成效评估之方法。该方法以水库淤积控制、水质改善、水源蕴育及生态保育为集水区治理之主要目的。治理成效以经济效益为评估之标准,采用分项与整体评估两种方式进行。佞项评估包括防砂工程,种树、造林、农地水土保持、道路水土保持、水库积液浚渫、水库保护带、处理、蚀沟控制等８项治理措施,分项评估可用来比较各项治理措施之效果,做为后续治理规划之参考;整体评估则反映整个治理计划之效果。  相似文献   

Polypropylene/high-density polyethylene/carbon fiber composites: Manufacturing techniques,mechanical properties,and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness     

Chien-Teng Hsieh  Yi-Jun Pan  Jia-Horng Lin

《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(1):155-161

This study uses polypropylene (PP)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polyblends (80/20 wt.%) as matrices, which are then melt-blended with inorganic carbon fibers (CF) as reinforcement to form electrically conductive PP/HDPE composites. Tensile test, flexural test, Izod impact test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are performed to evaluate different physical properties of samples. A surface resistance and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) measurements are used to evaluate the electrical properties of the PP/HDPE/CF composites. Test results show that an increasing content of carbon fibers results in an 18 %, 23 %, and 60 % higher tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength, respectively. SEM results show that carbon fibers break as a result of applied force, thereby bearing the force and increasing the mechanical properties of composites. DSC and XRD results show that the addition of carbon fibers causes heterogeneous nucleation in PP/HDPE polyblends, thereby increasing crystallization temperature. However, the crystalline structure of PP/HDPE composites is not affected. Surface resistivity results show that 5 wt.% of carbon fibers can form a conductive network in PP/HDPE polyblends and reduce the surface resistivity from 12×10¹² ohm/sq to 4×10³ ohm/sq. EMI SE results show that, with a 20 wt.% CF and a frequency of 2-3 GHz, the average EMI SE of PP/HDPE/CF composites is between -48 and -52 dB, qualifying their use for EMI SE, which is required for standard electronic devices.  相似文献   

烟草黑胫病菌厚垣孢子和菌丝体在土壤中的存活状态   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王革  李天飞 《南京农业大学学报》1998,21(1):41-45

将实验条件下制备、提取的黑胫病菌厚垣孢子、菌丝体悬浮液定量加入含水量分别为４０％和７０％的灭菌土壤中,分别于４℃、２５℃和室温下保存,定期检测。结果表明：厚垣孢子在各处理土壤中至少可存活８个月,主要以细胞壁加厚、原生质浓缩的休眠状态存活,而菌丝体只能单独在土壤中存活２个月。在土壤中存活３个月内的厚垣孢子可用选择性培养基直接检测,３个月需用诱捕的方法才能检测出来。温度对厚垣孢子、菌丝体的存活影响明显  相似文献   

Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats     

Yen TL  Hsu CK  Lu WJ  Hsieh CY  Hsiao G  Chou DS  Wu GJ  Sheu JR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(8):1937-1944

Xanthohumol is the principal prenylated flavonoid in hops (Humulus lupulus L.), an ingredient of beer. Xanthohumol was found to be a potent chemopreventive agent; however, no data are available concerning its neuroprotective effects. In the present study, the neuroprotective activity and mechanisms of xanthohumol in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia were examined. Treatment with xanthohumol (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) 10 min before MCAO dose-dependently attenuated focal cerebral ischemia and improved neurobehavioral deficits in cerebral ischemic rats. Xanthohumol treatment produced a marked reduction in infarct size compared to that in control rats. MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia was associated with increases in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and active caspase-3 protein expressions in ischemic regions. These expressions were obviously inhibited by treatment with xanthohumol. In addition, xanthohumol (3-70 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen (1 μg/mL) in human platelet-rich plasma. An electron spin resonance (ESR) method was used to examine the scavenging activity of xanthohumol on free radicals which had formed. Xanthohumol (1.5 and 3 μM) markedly reduced the ESR signal intensity of hydroxyl radical (OH?) formation in the H?O?/NaOH/DMSO system. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that in addition to its originally being considered an agent preventing tumor growth, xanthohumol possesses potent neuroprotective activity. This activity is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of inflammatory responses (i.e., HIF-1α, iNOS expression, and free radical formation), apoptosis (i.e., TNF-α, active caspase-3), and platelet activation, resulting in a reduction of infarct volume and improvement in neurobehavior in rats with cerebral ischemia. Therefore, this novel role of xanthohumol may represent high therapeutic potential for treatment or prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury-related disorders.  相似文献   

Suspected inherited rickets in Corriedale sheep     

KG Thompson  KE Dittmer  HT Blair  RA Fairley 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

A suspected inherited form of rickets was diagnosed in Corriedale sheep on a commercial sheep farm in Marlborough. Affected lambs were normal at birth but showed a reduced growth rate and a range of skeletal abnormalities, including both varus and valgus deformities and a characteristic dip in the shoulder region. Up to 20 affected lambs had been born on the property over the last two seasons. Skeletal lesions in affected lambs included swollen costochondral junctions, moderate to marked thickening of physes in long bones, and collapse of weakened subchondral bone, particularly in the proximal humerus. These lesions, together with the microscopic changes, strongly suggested a diagnosis of rickets. Affected lambs were hypocalcaemic and hypophosphataemic, consistent with a deficiency of vitamin D.

Vitamin D assays revealed significantly higher 1,25(OH) vitamin D concentrations in affected lambs than in controls, suggesting a defect in the vitamin D receptor as the likely mechanism. DNA testing revealed that 4/10 Corriedale rams used during the previous season had sired affected lambs. Studies aimed at confirming the genetic nature of the disease and the mechanism are continuing at Massey University.  相似文献   

Effects of nanometric roughness on surface properties and fibroblast's initial cytocompatibilities of Ti6Al4V     

Wang RC  Hsieh MC  Lee TM 《Biointerphases》2011,6(3):87

Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) has widespread medical applications because of its excellent biocompatibility. Its biological responses can further be enhanced by polishing and passivation. Unfortunately, preparing titanium alloy samples of nanometric roughness is by far much more difficult than preparing those of micrometric roughness, and numerous investigations on roughness induced effects are all focused on micrometric scales. For the remedy, we investigate, at nanometric scale, the influence of roughness on surface properties and biological responses. Six groups of Ti6Al4V with average roughness (R(a)) values of 2.75-30.34 nm are prepared. The results indicated that nanometric roughness of samples change the wettability and amphoteric OH groups. The contact angles monotonically decrease from 2.75 to 30.34 nm and the rougher surfaces lead to higher wettability. The in vitro cell-culture studies, using Murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, showed the spindle-shaped morphology on rougher surface compared to round∕spherical morphology on smoother surface. A cytodetacher is employed to quantitatively measure the initial adhesion force of fibroblasts to specimen. The adhesion strength of fibroblasts, ranging from 55 to 193 nN, is significantly influenced by the nanometric roughness while the surface is within the range of 2.75-30.34 nm R(a) roughness, and the adhesion strength appeared stronger for rougher surface. The cell number on the smoother surface is higher than on the rougher surface at 5-day culture. The studies indicated that nanometric roughness would alter the surface properties and further influence cell morphology, adhesion strength, and proliferation.  相似文献   

Trace Analysis of N-Nitrosamines in Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatograph–Tandem Mass Spectrometry     

Hsu-Wen Hung  Tsair-Fuh Lin  Chuen-Huey Chiu  Ya-Chi Chang  Tung-Ying Hsieh 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):459-469

A method that utilizes solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for analyzing a group of emerging pollutants, N-nitrosamines, in water. The developed analytical method requires a water sample of less than 5 ml and only 1.5 h for complete analysis. The method detection limits for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine were in the range of 3.2 to 3.5 ng/l; for N-nitrosomorpholine, it was 15.2 ng/l. The method was successfully employed to measure the N-nitrosamine concentration at trace levels of nanogram per liter in four water treatment plants (WTPs) and one water distribution system. In the WTPs, only NDMA was detected in the treatment processes. Within the treatment train, NDMA was observed after chlorination. The level of NDMA significantly declined after slow sand filtration due presumably to microbial degradation. The NDMA concentration collected from consumer tap water was about 40% higher on average than that in the finished water. The excellent performance of the SPME/GC/MS/MS method in various water matrices as well as the shorter analysis time and smaller sample volume compared to currently used extraction techniques makes it an alternative means for the analysis of N-nitrosamine in drinking water, wastewater, and laboratory research with small reactors.  相似文献   

Quantum optimally controlled transition landscapes     

Rabitz HA  Hsieh MM  Rosenthal CM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5666):1998-2001

A large number of experimental studies and simulations show that it is surprisingly easy to find excellent quality control over broad classes of quantum systems. We now prove that for controllable quantum systems with no constraints placed on the controls, the only allowed extrema of the transition probability landscape correspond to perfect control or no control. Under these conditions, no suboptimal local extrema exist as traps that would impede the search for an optimal control. The identified landscape structure is universal for all controllable quantum systems of the same dimension when seeking to maximize the same transition probability, regardless of the detailed nature of the system Hamiltonian. The presence of weak control field noise or environmental decoherence is shown to preserve the general structure of the control landscape, but at lower resolution.  相似文献   

Controlling chemical reactivity with antibodies     

Hsieh LC  Yonkovich S  Kochersperger L  Schultz PG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,260(5106):337-339

The remarkable specificity of an antibody molecule has been used to accomplish highly selective functional group transformations not attainable by current chemical methods. An antibody raised against an amine-oxide hapten catalyzes the reduction of a diketone to a hydroxyketone with greater than 75:1 regioselectivity for one of two nearly equivalent ketone moieties. The antibody-catalyzed reaction is highly stereoselective, affording the hydroxyketone in high enantiomeric excess. Similarly, the reduction of ketones containing branched and aryl substituents, including the highly symmetrical 1-nitrophenyl-3-phenyl-2-propanone, was enantioselective. The simple strategy presented herein may find general applicability to the regio- and stereoselective reduction of a broad range of compounds.  相似文献   

Pathological and PCR detection of mycobacteriosis in pond-cultured Chinese soft shell turtles, Trionyx sinensis     

C.Y. Hsieh  Y.L. Shen  C. Tu  L.C. Chen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):10-16

Mycobacteriosis due to infection of Mycobacterium marinum is a common disease in pond-cultured Chinese soft shell turtles, especially in those surviving beyond their first year. The infected turtles independently showed either heterophilic or histiocytic granulomas in various organs such as the spleen, liver, lungs, intestine, kidneys, stomach and pancreas. The heterophilic granuloma contained many acid-fast unbranching bacilli intracellularly in macrophages and extracellularly in the necrotic center. The histiocytic granuloma had only a few bacteria, mainly in the cytoplasm of Langhan's giant cells. The organisms were rarely observed in the advanced lesions of both types. Based on PCR assays for partial hsp65 gene of Mycobacterium spp., all of our strains were identified as M. marinum which can be divided into two groups. The strains of the first group induced heterophilic granulomas and had very high nucleotide sequence identities (99.8%-100%) to the reference strains of M. marinum (AF456471) and M. pseudoshottsii (AY550226). Those strains of the second group caused histiocytic granulomas and also showed very high identities (99.8%-100%) to the reference strains of M. marinum ATCC 927 (AF456470) and M. shottsii (AY550225). However, when we compared the partial sequence of the hsp65 gene from group one and two strains the identities between the two groups range from 98.8% to 99.3%, therefore we can not assert that these two belong to the same species.  相似文献