Factors Affecting the Storage Behaviour of Papaya Fruit     

A.K. Thompson  G.R. Lee 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):511-516

Fruits of the papaya cultivar Solo 63/2 were damaged when stored at or below 45 °F (7 °C). Wrapping the fruit in polyethylene bags reduced weight loss during storage but increased the development of saprophytic fungi. Perforated polyethylene bags similarly reduced weight loss but did not increase fungal development.

Careful harvesting significantly reduced fungal infection, thus giving the fruits better flavour and longer storage life. The optimum stage of maturity for satisfactory storage and subsequent ripening was when the yellow colour was just beginning to develop in the funicles. Fruits from hermaphrodite trees were superior in flavour to those from female trees but behaved similarly during storage.  相似文献   

Development of new microsatellite markers for molecular diversity analysis of Citrus species     

A. Dixit  J.W. Chung  W.G. Zhao  G.A. Lee  D.H. Lee  K.H. Ma 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):521-527

Summary

Thirty microsatellite loci for further genetic analysis of Citrus species were developed by constructing a microsatellite-enriched library using capture with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and used to assess genetic diversity in 40 Citrus accessions. In total, 150 alleles were detected, with an average of five alleles per locus. The average gene diversity and polymorphism information content values were 0.58 and 0.52, and ranged from 0.35 – 0.74 and from 0.32 – 0.70, respectively. Values for the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.13 – 1.00 and from 0.36 – 0.75, respectively. Fifteen loci deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The mean similarity coefficient among accessions was 0.5906. Based on the UPGMA algorithm, two main groups were successfully identified. These new microsatellite markers can be used to further investigate the genetics of, and phylogenic relationships in Citrus spp.  相似文献   

Review of rice in Korea: current status,future prospects,and comparisons with rice in other countries     

Jeong  O-Young  Park  Hyeon-Su  Baek  Man-Kee  Kim  Woo-Jae  Lee  Geon-Mi  Lee  Chang-Min  Bombay  Maurene  Ancheta  Melanie Banzon  Lee  Jeom-Ho 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(1):1-11

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Rice has been grown as a staple food in South Korea for several millennia. However, its status has not stayed constant as a result of changes in South...  相似文献   

莫拉克台风引发台湾南部之降雨与崩塌     

李明熹  江泉锋  林焕轩 《中国水土保持科学》2012,10(4):12-15

为了解2009年8月莫拉克台风的强大降雨在台湾南部地区引发严重的崩塌,造成500多人死亡的灾害情况.采用ArcGIS判释卫星影像崩塌地,统计分析降雨条件包括降雨强度、累积降雨量、降雨延时及重现期距等,对高屏溪流域在莫拉克台风期间之降雨与崩塌进行探讨.结果表明:1)莫拉克台风的降雨特性为长降雨延时(平均为3.3d)、高累积降雨量(平均为1 677 mm)及高降雨强度(平均为80.5 mm/h);2)尾寮山雨量站在48 h之累积降雨量(2319 mm)接近台湾降雨量纪录(2361 mm);3)尾寮山、御油山与溪南雨量站降雨延时在10～72 h之间,降雨强度皆大于尾寮山雨量站200 a之重现期距;4)风灾后新增崩塌面积及新增崩塌率分别为141.24 km2及4.92％,当累积降雨量达500 mm或降雨强度达55 mm/h时,崩塌地明显增加,崩塌率随累积降雨量及降雨强度的增加而有上升的趋势.  相似文献   

Suppression of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance by phytopolyphenols in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells     

Deng YT  Chang TW  Lee MS  Lin JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(4):1059-1066

It was reported that increased plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with profound insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and may also play a critical role in the insulin resistance of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Skeletal muscle is the major site for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and is involved in energy regulation and homeostasis. In this study, we used 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, and palmitate to induce insulin resistance in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. Our data show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin treatment reduce insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Ser307 phosphorylation, and curcumin is more potent to increase Akt phosphorylation in TPA induction. Moreover, we found that after 5 h of palmitate incubation, epicatechin gallate (ECG) can suppress IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation and significantly promote Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. With a longer incubation with palmitate, IRS-1 exhibited a dramatic depletion, and treatment with EGCG, ECG, and curcumin could reverse IRS-1 expression, Akt phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling cascade activation and improve glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, especially ECG and curcumin. In addition, treatment with these polyphenols can suppress acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation, but only EGCG could inhibit lipid accumulation in the intracellular site. These findings may suggest that curcumin shows the best capacity to improve FFA-induced insulin resistance than the other two, and ECG was more effective than EGCG in attenuating insulin resistance.  相似文献   

Proteomic identification of a novel toxin protein (Txp40) from Xenorhabdus nematophila and its insecticidal activity against larvae of Plutella xylostella     

Park JM  Kim M  Min J  Lee SM  Shin KS  Oh SD  Oh SJ  Kim YH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(16):4053-4059

For the identification of a novel insecticidal protein, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (PF-2D) system was used in a quantitative proteomic analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila CBNU strain isolated from entomophagous nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Protein patterns obtained from minimum and maximum insecticidal activities during cultivation were contrasted, and a novel toxin protein (Txp40) was identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. The DNA sequence of the cloned toxin gene (1089 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41162 Da. The txp40 identified in this study is most closely related to the known txp40 cloned from X. nematophila EB (ADQ92844) with 94.4% identical sequence residues. Following the expression of the newly identified toxin gene in Escherichia coli , the insecticidal activity of the recombinant toxin protein was determined against Plutella xylostella larvae; a 56.7% mortality rate was observed within 24 h.  相似文献   

Hypoglycemic activity of Gymnema sylvestre extracts on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in diabetic rats     

Kang MH  Lee MS  Choi MK  Min KS  Shibamoto T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(10):2517-2524

Diabetes mellitus, which is associated with oxidative damage, has a significant impact on health, quality of life, and life expectancy. An ethanol extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaf was examined in vitro and in vivo to investigate the role of antioxidants in diabetic rats. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the assays, including TBA (56%), SOD-like (92%), and ABTS (54%). Blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats fed G. sylvestre extract decreased to normal levels. The presence of the antihyperglycemic compounds gymnemagenin and gymnemic acids in G. sylvestre extract was detected by LC/MS analysis. Lipid peroxidation levels were decreased by 31.7% in serum, 9.9% in liver, and 9.1% in kidney in the diabetic rats fed the extract. Feeding G. sylvestre extract to the diabetic rats decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in cytosolic liver and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum to normal levels.  相似文献   

Release kinetics of tocopherol and quercetin from binary antioxidant controlled-release packaging films     

Chen X  Lee DS  Zhu X  Yam KL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(13):3492-3497

This paper investigated the feasibility of manipulating packaging polymers with various degrees of hydrophobicity to release two antioxidants, tocopherol and quercetin, at rates suitable for long-term inhibition of lipid oxidation in food. For example, one antioxidant can be released at a fast rate to provide short-term/intermediate protection, whereas the other antioxidant can be released at a slower rate to provide intermediate/long-term protection of lipid oxidation. Controlled-release packaging films containing tocopherol and quercetin were produced using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP) polymers; the release of these antioxidants to 95% ethanol (a fatty food simulant) was measured using UV-vis spectrophotometry, and Fickian diffusion models with appropriate initial and boundary conditions were used to fit the data. For films containing only quercetin, the results show that the release of quercetin was much faster but lasted for a much shorter time for hydrophilic polymers (EVOH and EVA) than for hydrophobic polymers (LDPE and PP). For binary antioxidant films containing tocopherol and quercetin, the results show that tocopherol released more rapidly but for a shorter period of time than quercetin in LDPE and EVOH films, and the difference is more pronounced for LDPE films than EVOH films. The results also show the presence of tocopherol can accelerate the release of quercetin. Although none of the films produced is acceptable for long-term lipid oxidation inhibition, the study provides encouraging results suggesting that acceptable films may be produced in the future using polymer blend films.  相似文献   

Evaluation of drying methods and toxicity of rayless goldenrod ( Isocoma pluriflora ) and white snakeroot ( Ageratina altissima ) in goats     

Lee ST  Davis TZ  Cook D  Stegelmeier BL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(19):4849-4853

White snakeroot and rayless goldenrod cause "trembles" and "milk sickness" in livestock and humans, respectively. The toxin in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod was identified in 1927 and 1930, respectively, as tremetol. It was reported that the toxin in white snakeroot disappears as it is dried and that completely dried plants were incapable of producing trembles or milk sickness. Conversely, it has been reported that the rayless goldenrod toxin was not destroyed by drying and that the plant is toxic either fresh or dry. In this study the concentrations of tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and structurally similar compounds were determined in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod before and after various drying conditions. Tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and structurally similar compounds in rayless goldenrod and white snakeroot are most stable upon freeze-drying, followed by air-drying, and least stable upon oven-drying (60 °C). Also demonstrated is that tremetone is stable and that dried white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod are capable of inducing toxicosis in livestock.  相似文献   

Structural identification of novel oligosaccharides produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum     

Black BA  Lee VS  Zhao YY  Hu Y  Curtis JM  Gänzle MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(19):4886-4894

β-Galactosidases (β-Gal) of lactic acid bacteria produce oligosaccharides from lactose when suitable acceptor carbohydrates are present. This study aimed to elucidate the structure of oligosaccharides formed by galactosylation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and fucose. Crude cellular extract of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and LacLM of Lactobacillus plantarum were used as sources of β-Gal activity. Disaccharides obtained by galactosylation of GlcNAc were identified as Gal-β-(1→4)-GlcNAc or Gal-β-(1→6)-GlcNAc by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and comparison with external standards. Trisaccharides were identified as Gal-β-(1→6)-Gal-β-(1→[4 or 6])-GlcNAc by LC-MS, analysis of the MS/MS spectra of selected in-source fragment ions, and their relative retention times. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of five galactosylated fucosides, but their linkage type could not be identified, partly due to the lack of reference compounds. β-Gal of lactic acid bacteria may serve as suitable tools for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of therapeutic oligosaccharides.  相似文献