From regionally predictable to locally complex population structure in a freshwater top predator: river systems are not always the unit of connectivity in Northern Pike Esox lucius          下载免费PDF全文

Dorte Bekkevold  Lene Jacobsen  Jakob Hemmer‐Hansen  Søren Berg  Christian Skov 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(2):305-316

Contemporary genetic diversity is the product of both historical and contemporary forces, such as climatic and geological processes affecting range distribution and continuously moulded by evolutionary forces selection, gene flow and genetic drift. Predatory freshwater fishes, such as Northern Pike Esox lucius, commonly exhibit small population sizes, and several local populations are considered endangered. Pike inhabit diverse habitat types, including lakes, rivers and brackish marine waters, thus spanning from small isolated patches to large open marine systems. However, pike population structure from local to regional scales is relatively poorly described, in spite of its significance to developing conservation measures. We analysed microsatellite variation in a total of 1185 North European pike from 46 samples collected across both local and regional scales, as well as over time, to address two overarching questions: Is pike population structure associated with local and/or regional connectivity patterns, and which factors likely have the main influence on the contemporary distribution of genetic diversity? To answer this, we combined estimators of population diversity and structure to assess evidence of whether populations within (i) habitats, (ii) drainage systems and (iii) geographical regions are closer related than among these ranges, and whether patterns are temporally stable. Contrasting previous predictions that genetic drift obscures signals of postglacial colonisation history, we identified clear regional differences in population genetic signatures, suggesting a major effect of drainage divides on colonisation history and connectivity. However, several populations deviated from the general pattern, showing that local processes may be complex and need to be examined case‐by‐case.  相似文献   

Caudal epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine in horses: An evaluation of analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function,mentation and physical examination parameters     

L. N. Rønnow Kjærulff  N. J. Dorch Lauritsen  C. Thorn Ekstrøm  S. Østergaard  E. Olsen  S. Hyldahl Laursen  C. Lindegaard 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(7):360-367

Caudal epidural analgesia is a well-established therapeutic modality for pain alleviation in horses. Additionally, epidural analgesia could potentially be a complementary diagnostic tool for confirmation of pain-related conditions in horses presenting with nonspecific signs of poor performance or rideability issues. To use the epidural as a diagnostic tool, the administered medications should provide efficient analgesia without accompanying adverse effects. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the analgesic properties and effects on locomotor function, mentation and physical examination parameters of caudal epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine in horses. Five mares received a caudal epidural injection of 0.1 mg/kg bwt methadone and 0.1 mg/kg bwt morphine diluted to a total volume of 4.4 mL/100 kg. Before and several times thereafter, horses were subjected to mechanical nociceptive threshold evaluation, physical examination, assessment of mentation and locomotor function examination. Horses were assigned ataxia scores (0–4) by a group of inexperienced raters (three senior-year veterinary students) and a group of experienced raters (two board-certified internal medicine specialists) that assessed the locomotor examinations either live or video-based. The epidural co-administration of methadone and morphine resulted in clinically relevant and statistically significant increases of horses’ tolerance to mechanical noxious stimuli at the coccygeal, perineal, sacral, lumbar and thoracic regions. Analgesia was evident after 4.4 h and lasted at least 5 h. Regional differences in the onset of analgesia reflected a cranial spread of the analgesic solution. No horses showed signs of gait disturbances; the overall median ataxia score was 0 at all times; and the average difference in scores between two randomly selected raters for a random horse at a random time point was 0.377 indicating high inter-rater agreement. There were no adverse changes of mentation and physical examination parameters. Observed side effects included signs of decreased frequency of defaecation, generalised sweating, and pruritus.  相似文献   

Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review     

Jeann Leal de Araújo  Alice C. A. M. Arruda  Nayadjala T. A. Santos  Glenison F. Dias  Thiago F. L. Nery  Fabio Del Piero  Richard Ploeg  Brian F. Porter  Ingeborg M. Langohr 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):600

A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.  相似文献   

Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of red kangaroos     

Mariano Carossino  Rudy Bauer  Mark A. Mitchell  Charles O. Cummings  Anke C. Sthr  Nobuko Wakamatsu  Kimberly Harper  Ingeborg M. Langohr  Kendra Schultz  Maria S. Mitchell  Daniel K. Howe  Udeni B. R. Balasuriya 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):554

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan pathogen that infects many endothermic vertebrates, including humans; the domestic cat and other felids serve as the definitive host. Macropodids are considered highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis. Here, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings of an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of 11 red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), with high morbidity (73%) and mortality (100%) rates. Affected animals had either severe and rapidly deteriorating clinical conditions or sudden death, which was correlated with widespread necrotizing lesions in multiple organs and intralesional T. gondii organisms identified via MIC3-specific immunohistochemistry and confirmed by REP529-specific rtPCR. Quantification of parasites demonstrated the highest parasite density in pulmonary parenchyma compared with other tissues. Our study highlights the continued importance of this severe condition in Australian marsupials.  相似文献   

Describing Human–Wildlife Interaction from a European Perspective     

Maria Johansson  Sabrina Dressel  Emma Kvastegård  Göran Ericsson  Anke Fischer  Bjørn P. Kaltenborn 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(2):158-168

European researchers from both the natural and social sciences show growing interest in studying interactions between society and wildlife. A wealth of theoretical frameworks, concepts, and methods are used, but an integration of perspectives is lacking. This research note summarizes results from two workshops that included 63 delegates from 25 European countries, as well as a follow-up survey of 41 respondents. Two main theoretical approaches to the study of human–wildlife interactions were identified. One approach focuses on the collective societal level relying on theories of governance, social representation, deliberative procedures, and commons theory. The other approach targets individuals or groups, and is based on theories such as the cognitive hierarchy, theory of reasoned action, and theory of planned behavior. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to identify the best options for wildlife conservation and management in a more politically integrated Europe.  相似文献   

Comparison of 4 point‐of‐care blood gas analyzers for arterial blood gas analysis in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiopulmonary disease          下载免费PDF全文

Elodie Roels DVM  Kris Gommeren DVM  DECVIM  Frédéric Farnir Ir  PhD  François Delvaux MS  Frédéric Billen DVM  PhD  DECVIM  Cécile Clercx DVM  PhD  DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(3):352-359

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Preference for shelter and additional heat in horses exposed to Nordic winter conditions          下载免费PDF全文

G. H. M. Jørgensen  L. Aanensen  C. M. Mejdell  K. E. Bøe 《Equine veterinary journal》2016,48(6):720-726

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Breeding Restrictions Decrease the Prevalence of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels over an 8‐ to 10‐Year Period          下载免费PDF全文

A.C. Birkegård  M.J. Reimann  T. Martinussen  J. Häggström  H.D. Pedersen  L.H. Olsen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):63-68

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Effect of Ovariohysterectomy at the Time of Tumor Removal in Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial          下载免费PDF全文

V.M. Kristiansen  L. Peña  L. Díez Córdova  J.C. Illera  E. Skjerve  A.M. Breen  M.A. Cofone  M. Langeland  J. Teige  M. Goldschmidt  K.U. Sørenmo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):230-241

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Herd characteristics influence farmers’ preferences for trait improvements in Danish Red and Danish Jersey cows     

M. Slagboom  M. Kargo  D. Edwards  A. C. Sørensen  J. R. Thomasen  L. Hjortø 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(3):177-182

The aim of this study was to characterize preferences of farmers for breeding goal traits with Danish Red (DR) or Danish Jersey (DJ) cows. A breed-specific survey was established to characterize farmers’ preferences for improvements in 10 traits, by means of pairwise rankings using the online software 1000Minds. These pairwise rankings were based on equal economic worth of trait improvements. The DR survey was filled in by 87 farmers and the DJ survey by 76 farmers. Both DR and DJ farmers gave the highest preference to improvements in mastitis, and the lowest to calving difficulty. By means of a cluster analysis, three distinct clusters of farmers were identified per breed. Comparisons of herd characteristics between clusters suggest that farmers choose to improve traits that are problematic in their herds. This study shows that heterogeneity exists in farmers’ preferences for trait improvements and that herd characteristics influence these preferences in DR and DJ.  相似文献