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61.
Silvia Teresa Rodríguez-Ramilo Miguel Ángel Toro Jaime Castro Jesús Fernández 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,273(4):434-442
Many estimators and algorithms have been developed to infer the genealogical relationships from molecular marker data when there is no pedigree information. Most pairwise methods provide estimates in a continuous range that needs to be converted into genealogical relationships (namely full-sibs, half-sibs and unrelated) if there is a previous knowledge of the population structure. Transformations are usually based on arbitrary thresholds, but the possibility of correcting the coancestry estimates via explicit pedigree reconstruction methods has been suggested. Using molecular data for ten highly polymorphic microsatellite loci on a population of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with a known genealogy, the behaviour of four pairwise marker-based coancestry estimators and the molecular coancestry has been evaluated. The population consisted on 138 families with 4 full-sib individuals each and one family with 8 full-sib individuals (up to 15 half-sib families were also present due to the sharing of parents between some of the full-sibs families). Our results suggested that transforming the pairwise estimators and the molecular coancestry to family relationships through the establishment of thresholds performs slightly better than the explicit pedigree reconstruction method, when accuracy is measured in a pairwise basis. However, if joint relationships between more than two individuals were tested at a time, the threshold methods led to a high percentage of incongruous triads of full-sib individuals, with Mendelian incompatibilities appearing in congruous full-sib families (more than 70% and 60% in our study, respectively). The explicit pedigree reconstruction approach, due to its nature, is free from such problems. Therefore, the pedigree reconstruction approach seems to be a valuable tool to provide a congruent and compatible pedigree when the pairwise marker-based coancestry matrices or the molecular coancestry need to be transformed. 相似文献
62.
63.
Histological alterations in gills of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in low‐salinity waters under different stocking densities: Potential relationship with nitrogen compounds 下载免费PDF全文
Marcela G. Fregoso‐López María S. Morales‐Covarrubias Miguel A Franco‐Nava Javier Ramírez‐Rochín Juan F Fierro‐Sañudo Jesús T Ponce‐Palafox Federico Páez‐Osuna 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(12):5854-5863
Two experimental modules with different stocking densities (M1 = 70 and M2 = 120 shrimp /m2) were examined weekly over a culture cycle in tanks with low‐salinity water (1.9 g/L) and zero water exchange. Results showed survival rates of 87.7 and 11.9% in M1 and M2, respectively. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and chlorophyll a were not significantly (p > .05) different between modules. In contrast, the concentrations of nitrogen compounds were significantly (p < .05) different between modules, except nitrite‐N (M2 were 2.31 ± 1.38 mg/L N‐TAN, 0.18 ± 0.49 mg/L N‐NO2? and 6.83 ± 6.52 mg/L N‐NO3?; in M1: 0.97 ± 0.73 mg/L N‐TAN, 0.05 ± 0.21 mg/L N‐NO2? and 0.63 ± 0.70 mg/L N‐NO3?). When waters of both modules reached higher levels of ammonia and nitrite, histological alterations were observed in gills. The histological alterations index (HAI) was higher in M2 (5‐112) than in M1 (2‐22). 相似文献
64.
Frederic Vandeperre Ruth M. Higgins Julio Sánchez‐Meca Francesc Maynou Raquel Goñi Pablo Martín‐Sosa Angel Pérez‐Ruzafa Pedro Afonso Iacopo Bertocci Romain Crec’hriou Giovanni D’Anna Mark Dimech Carmelo Dorta Oscar Esparza Jesús M. Falcón Aitor Forcada Ivan Guala Laurence Le Direach Concepción Marcos Celia Ojeda‐Martínez Carlo Pipitone Patrick J. Schembri Vanessa Stelzenmüller Ben Stobart Ricardo S. Santos 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):412-426
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often promoted as tools for biodiversity conservation as well as for fisheries management. Despite increasing evidence of their usefulness, questions remain regarding the optimal design of MPAs, in particular concerning their function as fisheries management tools, for which empirical studies are still lacking. Using 28 data sets from seven MPAs in Southern Europe, we developed a meta‐analytical approach to investigate the effects of protection on adjacent fisheries and asking how these effects are influenced by MPA size and age. Southern European MPAs showed clear effects on the surrounding fisheries, on the ‘catch per unit effort’ (CPUE) of target species, but especially on the CPUE of the marketable catch. These effects depended on the time of protection and on the size of the no‐take area. CPUE of both target species and the marketable catch increased gradually by 2–4% per year over a long time period (at least 30 years). The influence of the size of the no‐take area appeared to be more complex. The catch rates of the entire fishery in and around the MPA were higher when the no‐take areas were smaller. Conversely, catch rates of selected fisheries that were expected to benefit most from protection increased when the no‐take area was larger. Our results emphasize the importance of MPA size on its export functions and suggest that an adequate, often extended, time frame be used for the management and the evaluation of effectiveness of MPAs. 相似文献
65.
66.
Gene expression pattern of digestive and antioxidant enzymes during the larval development of reared Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT), Thunnus thynnus L. 下载免费PDF全文
67.
Viridiana Peraza-Gómez Antonio Luna-González Ángel I Campa-Córdova Melina López-Meyer Jesús A Fierro-Coronado & Píndaro Álvarez-Ruiz 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(13):1481-1489
The protective effect of a probiotic mixture (PM) and antiviral plants, against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei , was evaluated in three experiments. The PM was composed of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one yeast strain. The plant mixture was composed of Ocimum sanctum and commercial antiviral plants (VPH® , HSV® ). Shrimp in each experiment (weighing 2.7±0.7, 11.5±1.3, 11.70±2.5 g) were cultured in 120-L plastic tanks and fed twice a day with commercial feed plus additives (plants or bacteria and yeast). Animals were monitored for the occurrence of WSSV by single-step and nested PCR. The PM and powdered antiviral plants added to the commercial feed showed an increase in survival and a decrease in the prevalence of WSSV in shrimp. The results showed that both the PM and the powdered antiviral plants can provide protection for shrimp against WSSV. 相似文献
68.
Erzsbet Jns Mria Rgyanszki Jnos Olh Lszl Boross 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1983,30(1-4):145-154
The authors studied the pH, temperature dependence, heat inactivation and the reactive groups of the active centers of proteolytic enzymes extracted from the alimentary canal of silver carp, common carp and sheatfish. In these three fish species activation energy values of enzymes, active in a pH range near neutral (7.5) were nearly identical, i.e.: silver carp: 14 kcal/mol; common carp: 15.4 kcal/mol; sheatfish: 15.7 kcal/mol. Differences were found in heat stability. At 55°C time values for 50% activity loss were 3.8: 1.3 and 14.6 min in the case of silver carp, common carp and sheatfish, respectively. Activities of enzymes, active in a pH range near neutral were inhibited by 82–94% by 10−3M PMSF, and by 2–5% by 10−3M EDTA. Proteolytic enzymes of the three fish species proved not to be homogeneous, but the largest part consisted of seryl-proteinases. 相似文献
69.
Rocío González Jesús Domingo Celada José Manuel Carral Vanesa García María Sáez‐Royuela Álvaro González 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(9):1385-1392
Recent advances in crayfish feeding have enabled the development of size grading studies from the start of first‐feeding. A 180‐day experiment aimed at intensive rearing of Pacifastacus leniusculus was carried out under controlled conditions, evaluating the effects of size grading at two different periods from the onset of exogenous feeding. Stage 2 juveniles were stocked in fibreglass tanks at a density of 100 m2, and fed a dry diet for salmonids combined with restricted amounts of Artemia cysts. Five groups were tested: no grading, grading at 60 days (large and small size) and grading at 100 days (large and small size). After 6 months, no significant differences were found in the survival among groups (mean: 73.06%). The highest final growth (pooled results from upper and lower classes: 17.39 mm carapace length, 1.43 g weight) was achieved by the crayfish sorted at 60 days, showing significant differences from the ungraded group. Smaller crayfish graded at 60 days grew significantly faster than smaller crayfish graded at 100 days. The food conversion ratio was lower in the graded groups (mean: 2.64), showing significant differences from the ungraded group (3.23). This study shows that size grading allows a better performance and an improved feeding efficiency. 相似文献
70.
Ricardo Vieira Rodrigues Luis Alberto Romano Michael Hans Schwarz Brendan Delbos Luís André Sampaio 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(7):1133-1139
This study evaluated the median lethal concentration values (LC50) and the histopathological effects of un‐ionized ammonia (NH3‐‐N) on juvenile maroon clownfish Premnas biaculeatus. After 96 h of exposure to different concentrations of ammonia, juveniles were sampled for histopathological evaluation. The 24 and 96 h LC50 values of NH3?‐N determined were 1.68 and 0.89 mg L?1 respectively. Maroon clownfish exposed to different ammonia concentrations displayed histopathological alterations in the gills, kidney, liver and brain. Gill tissue damage included lamellar hyperplasia, lamellar shorting and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. The kidney showed hyperanaemia, enlarged sinusoids within an apparently decreased amount of haematopoietic tissue, oedema on tubular cells and tubular necrosis, and an enlarged Bowman's capsule. The liver presented dilatation of hepatic sinusoids, fatty deposition in hepatocytes and Mallory bodies. Examination of the brain revealed a proliferation of glial cells, and the Virchow‐Robin space indicated a severe perivascular oedema and signs of neuronal suffering with satellitosis. The results of this study indicate that juvenile maroon clownfish are relatively sensitive to ammonia and particular attention must be given to this toxic compound in culture systems. 相似文献