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Antonucci Francesca Menesatti Paolo Iori Angela Pallottino Federico D’Egidio Maria Grazia Costa Corrado 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2013,120(5-6):205-208
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Thermal imaging is a potential remote sensing tool for estimating fungal wheat diseases. This study for the first time investigated the suitability of... 相似文献
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Hiroshi Shimada Mayumi Sawada Iori Tanaka Hiroki Asami Yasushi Fukamachi 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):865-877
To design a method for predicting outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in scallop fishing grounds, the relationship between the distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense and the dynamics of the Soya Warm Current (SWC) was examined in the Okhotsk Sea off Hokkaido. Surveys were conducted from May to June to clarify the transportation mechanism of A.?tamarense from the oceanic area to the coastal area. The sea-level difference (SLD) between Wakkanai and Abashiri was monitored as an index of the strength of the SWC southeastward flow in an alongshore belt to examine the possible occurrence of A.?tamarense in the coastal area during temporal weakening of the SWC. A bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was used for direct observations of the SWC. The results indicated that PSP occurred when low-salinity water contaminated with A.?tamarense extended to the coast during temporal weakening of the SWC due to a decrease of the SLD. Our results strongly indicate that predictions can be realized by monitoring the decrease of SLD as an index of temporal weakening of the SWC after surveys of the distribution of A.?tamarense in the oceanic area before the period of PSP occurrence. 相似文献
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Metal Tolerance, Accumulation and Translocation in Poplar and Willow Clones Treated with Cadmium in Hydroponics 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Massimo Zacchini Fabrizio Pietrini Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Valentina Iori Lucia Pietrosanti Angelo Massacci 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,197(1-4):23-34
To evaluate the phytoremediation capability of some poplar and willow clones a hydroponic screening for cadmium tolerance, accumulation and translocation was performed. Rooted cuttings were exposed for 3 weeks to 50 μM cadmium sulphate in a growth chamber and morpho-physiological parameters and cadmium content distribution in various parts of the plant were evaluated. Total leaf area and root characteristics in clones and species were affected by cadmium treatment in different ways. Poplar clones showed a remarkable variability whereas willow clones were observed to be more homogeneous in cadmium accumulation and distribution. This behaviour was further confirmed by the calculation of the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (Tf). Mean values of all the clones of the two Salicaceae species showed that willows had a far greater ability to tolerate cadmium than poplars, as indicated by the tolerance index (Ti), calculated on the dry weight of roots and shoots of plants. As far as the mean values of Tf was concerned, the capacity of willows to translocate was double that of poplars. On the contrary, the mean values of total BCF in poplar clones was far higher with respect to those in willows. The implications of these results in the selection of Salicaceae clones for phytoremediation purposes were discussed. 相似文献
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The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is induced in the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum under prolonged environmental stress. These VBNC cells lose their ability to grow on standard media such as CPG agar, but
some of the cells can recover this ability on media supplemented with sodium pyruvate (SP), that degrades hydrogen peroxide.
Recently, we suggested that some of the cells in the low-temperature-induced SP-recoverable VBNC state regained their ability
to grow on CPG agar after exposure to moderate temperature. These revived cells also retained their virulence on tomato. Although
R. solanacearum is detectable on semiselective media, VBNC cells are not detectable on any known semiselective media for the pathogen. To
create a suitable medium to detect VBNC cells, we therefore added various compounds that can either degrade hydrogen peroxide
or serve an antioxidant function in a semiselective medium, modified SMSA. SP at 5 g/l most improved the sensitivity of R. solanacearum detection. Furthermore, counts on modified SMSA plates for R. solanacearum that had been added to field soil also increased after the addition of 5 g/l SP. SP thus improved the medium’s sensitivity
for the detection of R. solanacearum by rescuing a portion of the VBNC cells. 相似文献
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Papi A Orlandi M Bartolini G Barillari J Iori R Paolini M Ferroni F Grazia Fumo M Pedulli GF Valgimigli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):875-883
There is high current interest in the chemopreventive potential of Brassica vegetables (cruciferae), particularly due to their content in glucosinolates (GL), which upon myrosinase hydrolysis release the corresponding isythiocyanates (ITC). Some ITCs, such as sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli ( Brassica oleacea italica), have been found to possess anticancer activity through induction of apoptosis in selected cell lines, as well as indirect antioxidant activity through induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Japanese daikon ( Raphanus sativus L.) is possibly the vegetable with the highest per capita consumption within the Brassicaceae family. Thanks to a recently improved gram scale production process, it was possible to prepare sufficient amounts of the GL glucoraphasatin (GRH) as well as the corresponding ITC 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (GRH-ITC) from its sprouts. This paper reports a study on the cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of GRH-ITC compared with the oxidized counterpart 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (GRE-ITC) on three human colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo, HCT-116, and HT-29) together with a detailed kinetic investigation of the direct antioxidant/radical scavenging ability of GRH and GRH-ITC. Both GRH-ITC and GRE-ITC reduced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in the three cancer cell lines. The compounds significantly ( p < 0.05) increased Bax and decreased Bcl2 protein expression, as well as producing caspase-9 and PARP-1 cleavage after 3 days of exposure in the three cancer cell lines. GRH-ITC treatment was shown to have no toxicity with regard to normal human lymphocytes (-15 +/- 5%) in comparison with SFN (complete growth inhibition). GRH and GRH-ITC were able to quench the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, with second-order rate constants of 14.0 +/- 2.8 and 43.1 +/- 9.5 M(-1) s(-1), respectively (at 298 K in methanol), whereas the corresponding value measured here for the reference antioxidant alpha-tocopherol was 425 +/- 40 M (-1) s (-1). GRH reacted with H2O2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in water (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C, with rate constants of 1.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(-2) and 9.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) M(-1) s (-1) (paralleling recently developed synthetic antioxidants) being quantitatively (>97%) converted to GRE. It is demonstrated that GRH-ITC has interesting antioxidant/radical scavenging properties, associated with a selective cytotoxic/apoptotic activity toward three human colon carcinoma cell lines, and very limited toxicity on normal human T-lymphocytes. 相似文献
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Fifty‐four mice were assigned to a control diet group or a KCl diet group to clarify the effects of KCl supplementation on growth rate, water intake and renal function in mice, and 5% of KCl was supplemented in KCl diets for 1–4 weeks. Bodyweights of KCl supplemented mice were significantly lower than those of control mice, and bodyweights of control and KCl supplemented mice at 28 days after treatment were 45.5 and 41.2 g, respectively. Feed intake was not affected by KCl supplementation, but water intake of KCl supplemented mice was significantly higher than that of control mice. Bone weights of KCl supplemented mice at 2 weeks after treatment were significantly lower than those of control mice. Serum urea nitrogen concentration at 4 weeks and serum K and Cl concentrations at 2 weeks were significantly lower in KCl supplemented mice. Histological alteration using hematoxylin–eosin and Sirius red staining was not found in the kidney of each mouse at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. These results suggest that high KCl supplementation decreases the rate of bodyweight gain and increases water intake in mice. 相似文献
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Barillari J Iori R Broccoli M Pozzetti L Canistro D Sapone A Bonamassa B Biagi GL Paolini M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5505-5511
Brassica vegetables are an important dietary source of glucosinolates (GLs), whose breakdown products exhibit anticancer activity. The protective properties of Brassicaceae are believed to be due to the inhibition of Phase-I or induction of Phase-II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs), thus enhancing carcinogen clearance. To study whether GLs affect XMEs and the role of their chemical structure, we focused on two alkylthio GLs differing in the oxidation degree of the side chain sulfur. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented (per oral somministration by gavage) with either glucoraphasatin (4-methylthio-3-butenyl GL; GRH) or glucoraphenin (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl GL; GRE), at 24 or 120 mg/kg body weight in a single or repeated fashion (daily for four consecutive days), and hepatic microsomes were prepared for XME analyses. Both GLs were able to induce XMEs, showing different induction profiles. While the inductive effect was stronger after multiple administration of the higher GRH dosage, the single lower GRE dose was the most effective in boosting cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-associated monooxygenases and the postoxidative metabolism. CYP3A1/2 were the most affected isoforms by GRH treatment, whereas GRE induced mainly CYP1A2 supported oxidase. Glutathione S-transferase increased up to approximately 3.2-fold after a single (lower) GRE dose and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase up to approximately 2-fold after four consecutive (higher) GRH doses. In conclusion, the induction profile of these GLs we found is not in line with the chemopreventive hypothesis. Furthermore, the oxidation degree of the side chain sulfur of GLs seems to exert a crucial role on XME modulation. 相似文献