Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Sacred Bali Bamboo as Reinforcing Filler in Seaweed-based Composite Film     

H. P. S. Abdul Khalil  Tze Kiat Lai  Ying Ying Tye  M. T. Paridah  M. R. Nurul Fazita  A. A. Azniwati  Rudi Dungani  Samsul Rizal 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(2):423-434

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) isolated from cheap, fast-growing and abundant accessible Sacred Bali bamboo (Schizostachyum brachycladum) was utilized as reinforcement material in the seaweed-based composite film. Isolation of MCC was carried out by using a combination of pulping, bleaching and acid hydrolysis process. This study emphasized on the feasibility of MCC production from Sacred Bali bamboo by studying its properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The commercial-MCC (CMCC) was used as reference material. Results showed that the production yield, moisture content (MC) and fiber length of bamboo-MCC (BMCC) were 83.37±1.48 %, 4.50±0.5 %, and 0.47±0.02 mm, respectively. According to the chemical analysis by FTIR, both lignin and hemicellulose were completely removed from BMCC, and thus, improved the crystallinity (78 %) and thermal stability (≈325 °C) of BMCC. This study also revealed that MCC produced from Sacred Bali bamboo demonstrated strong mechanical reinforcement effect in the seaweed-based film. Hence, Sacred Bali bamboo-MCC could be used as reinforcement material in the polymer.  相似文献   

Synergistic effect of Beauveria bassiana and spirodiclofen on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)     

Farzaneh-Sadat Seyed-Talebi  Katayoon Kheradmand  Reza Talaei-Hassanloui  Khalil Talebi-Jahromi 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(3):405-412

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests in agriculture. Due to its short life cycle and high reproductive rate, this pest has become resistant to most acaricides. Therefore, finding alternative control strategies for this damaging pest is necessary. Application of microbiological agents with minimum concentrations of acaricides is a very suitable tactic in integrated pest management. In the present study, lethal effects of a chemical acaricide – spirodiclofen, and an Iranian strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, were evaluated on different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite on two host plants, bean and cucumber. In the next step, compatibility of acaricide with the fungus was studied regarding conidial germination and vegetative growth of the fungus in the presence of different concentrations of the acaricide. Finally, the acaricide at rates of LC₂₅ with the fungus at LC₅₀ were sprayed on adult female mites. The results showed that immature stages of T. urticae were more susceptible to the acaricide whereas the adults were more susceptible to the fungus. Also, mites reared on cucumber were significantly more susceptible to the acaricide and fungus than those reared on bean. Spirodiclofen and the fungus had a synergistic effect; percentage of mortality for fungus infection was 48.6% and 53.5% on bean and cucumber, respectively, while it was 80.6% on bean and 84.5% on cucumber when the mite was sprayed with both the fungus and the acaricide.  相似文献   

Do Horses Prefer Certain Substrates for Rolling in Grazing Pasture?     

Kanji Matsui  Ashraf M. Khalil  Ken-ichi Takeda 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2009

We assessed whether rolling damage by grazing horses could be reduced by constructing areas assigned for rolling. A group of horses were enclosed in a paddock with and without rolling areas made of dry soil, sand, and straw. Their behavior was recorded for 1 week in the paddock without any treatment (control paddock). Then the horses were moved to another paddock with the rolling areas (rolling paddock). After a 3-week familiarization period, horses were observed for 1 week. In the rolling paddock, the frequency and time spent rolling were significantly greater in rolling areas than in nonrolling areas. Horses significantly preferred the soil rolling area than sand and straw (P < .05). Although rolling was considered the most relevant body care behavioral element, the effects of the substrate in rolling areas on other body care behavioral activities, such as mutual and self-grooming, also were investigated. The frequency and duration of mutual grooming and the duration of self-grooming decreased significantly in the rolling paddock compared with the control paddock (P < .05). Hence, offering a rolling area encourages horses to roll in these areas and keeps the pasture in good condition; therefore, grazing time can be increased, with less reliance on supplementary feed.  相似文献   

Characteristics, composition and thermal stability of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. seed oil     

Imededdine Arbi Nehdi  Hassen SbihiChin Ping Tan  Hedi ZarroukMutassim Ibrahim Khalil  Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):54-58

The chemical composition, main physicochemical properties and thermal stability of oil extracted from Acacia senegal seeds were evaluated. The oil, moisture and the ash contents of the seeds were 9.80%, 6.92% and 3.82%, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the oil were iodine value, 106.56 g/100 g of oil; saponification value, 190.23 mg KOH/g of oil; refractive index (25 °C), 1.471; unsaponifiable matter, 0.93%; acidity, 6.41% and peroxide value, 5.43 meq. O₂/kg of oil. The main fatty acids in the oil were oleic acid (43.62%) followed by linoleic acid (30.66%) and palmitic acid (11.04%). The triacylglycerols (TAGs) with equivalent carbon number ECN 44 (34.90%) were dominant, followed by TAGs ECN 46 (28.19%), TAGs ECN 42 (16.48%) and TAGs ECN 48 (11.23%). The thermal stability analysed in a normal oxidizing atmosphere showed that the oil decomposition began at 268.6 °C and ended at 618.5 °C, with two stages of decomposition at 401.5 °C and 576.3 °C. According to these results, A. senegal seed oil has physicochemical properties, fatty acids composition and thermal characteristics that may become interesting for specific applications in several segments of food and non-food industries.  相似文献   

Recent advances in the understanding of Chlamydophila pecorum infections, sixteen years after it was named as the fourth species of the Chlamydiaceae family     

Khalil Yousef Mohamad  Annie Rodolakis 《Veterinary research》2010,41(3)

Chlamydophila pecorum found in the intestine and vaginal mucus of asymptomatic ruminants has also been associated with different pathological conditions in ruminants, swine and koalas. Some endangered species such as water buffalos and bandicoots have also been found to be infected by C. pecorum. The persistence of C. pecorum strains in the intestine and vaginal mucus of ruminants could cause long-term sub-clinical infection affecting the animal’s health. C. pecorum strains present many genetic and antigenic variations, but coding tandem repeats have recently been found in some C. pecorum genes, allowing C. pecorum strains isolated from sick animals to be differentiated from those isolated from asymptomatic animals. This review provides an update on C. pecorum infections in different animal hosts and the implications for animal health. The taxonomy, typing and genetic aspects of C. pecorum are also reviewed.  相似文献   

Genome wide association study of grain yield and yield related traits in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought and heat conditions in three different locations     

El Gataa  Zakaria  El Hanafi  Samira  Basheer  Fadil  Kehel  Zakaria  bouhouch  Yassin  El Messoadi  Khalil  Eddakir  Kenza  Ladraa  Nawel  Samir  Karima  Tadesse  Wuletaw 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(4):361-373

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Abiotic stress, especially drought and heat, affects cereal yields and wheat production worldwide, more particularly in West and South Asia, North...  相似文献   

The use of melatonin and progestagen–eCG to initiate reproductive activity in prepuberal Awassi ewe lambs     

Sawalha MN  Kridli RT  Jawasreh KI  Meza-Herrera CA 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(7):1345-1350

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of administering hormonal treatments (melatonin and progestagen/equine chronic gonadotropin (eCG)) on advancing puberty in Awassi ewe lambs. Fifty-one 6-month-old ewe lambs of similar body weights (around 28 kg) were randomly assigned into four treatment groups; control (CON; n?=?14), melatonin (MEL; n?=?13), melatonin plus progestagen–eCG (MELPP; n?=?11), and progestagen–eCG (PP; n?=?13). Ewe lambs in the PP and MELPP groups were fitted with intravaginal progestagen sponges containing 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days; 400 IU eCG were administered to each of these ewe lambs on the day of sponge removal. Ewe lambs in the MEL and MELPP groups received subcutaneous melatonin implants (Regulin®, 18 mg melatonin) 36 days before sponge insertion. Hormonal treatment had no effect on ewe lamb body weight change. Estrous behavior was greater (p?p?p?p?相似文献   

Statistical Assessment of the Surface Water Quality Monitoring Network in Saskatchewan     

Bahaa Khalil  Chunping Ou  Sandra Proulx-McInnis  Andre St-Hilaire  Enisa Zanacic 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(10):1-22

Surface water quality monitoring is one of the responsibilities of a number of provincial and federal environmental departments in Canada. In Saskatchewan, the Ministry of Environment is responsible for the province water quality monitoring network. The sampling effort was initiated 40 years ago and has been ongoing since, with varying degrees of spatial and temporal coverage. The main objective of the Saskatchewan monitoring network is the assessment of ambient water quality status. In addition, one of the main uses of the generated water quality data is the calculation of a Water Quality Index. The adequacy of the monitoring network to perform these tasks needs to be validated. The objective of this study is to provide a statistical assessment of two of the monitoring network main aspects, the water quality variables and their sampling frequency. A new rationalization approach is applied for the assessment and reselection of water quality variables. The proposed approach provides, in a systematic way, the optimal combinations of variables to continue measuring, variables that may be redundant and could be considered for discontinuance, and variables that may need to be added to the list of variables being measured. The confidence interval around the mean is used as the main criterion for the sampling frequency assessment. A design chart is provided for the sampling frequency assessment, which is easy to use, and provides an initial assessment of the number of samples required to provide a mean value with a predefined error percentage.  相似文献   

cDNA-AFLP technique discloses differential gene expression in response to salinity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Kamyab  Shabnam  Alami-Saeid  Khalil  Eslahi  Mohammadreza  Moradi  Mohammad 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(6):2299-2311

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Salinity is one of the well-known abiotic stresses resulting in loss of wheat yield. The identification of differentially induced genes and then becoming...  相似文献   

Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis Mediated Amplification of Minor Aza Phenylpropanoid Piperazines in an Australian Marine Fish-Gut-Derived Fungus,Chrysosporium sp. CMB-F214     

Ahmed H. Elbanna  Amila Agampodi Dewa  Zeinab G. Khalil  Robert J. Capon 《Marine drugs》2021,19(9)

Chemical analysis of an M1 agar plate cultivation of a marine fish-gut-derived fungus, Chrysosporium sp. CMB-F214, revealed the known chrysosporazines A–D (11–14) in addition to a suite of very minor aza analogues 1–6. A microbioreactor (MATRIX) cultivation profiling analysis failed to deliver cultivation conditions that significantly improved the yields of 1–6; however, it did reveal that M2 agar cultivation produced the new natural product 15. A precursor-directed biosynthesis strategy adopting supplementation of a CMB-F214 M1 solid agar culture with sodium nicotinate enhanced production of otherwise inaccessible azachrysposorazines A1 (1), A2 (2), B1 (3), C1 (4), C2 (5) and D1 (6), in addition to four new chrysosporazines; chrysosporazines N–P (7–9) and spirochrysosporazine A (10). Structures inclusive of absolute configurations were assigned to 1–15 based on detailed spectroscopic and chemical analyses, and biosynthetic considerations. Non-cytotoxic to human carcinoma cells, azachrysosporazies 1–5 were capable of reversing doxorubicin resistance in P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing human colon carcinoma cells (SW620 Ad300), with optimum activity exhibited by the C-2′ substituted analogues 3–5.  相似文献