The effect of gibberellins and cytokinins on fruit development of Bramley’s Seedling apple     

Irena Modlibowska 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):337-340

Two applications of a 1 : 1 mixture of gibberellins A₄ and A₇ to either frost damaged or artificially decapitated Bramley's Seedling apple flowers resulted in increased fruit set and yield. It also increased the crop in an orchard without pollinators. Gibberellic acid was not effective. The addition of cytokinins had no beneficial effects and caused malformation.  相似文献   

The effect of nitrogen fertilization and shading on the incidence of “colour spots” in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit     

B. Aloni  Leah Karni  Irena Rylski  Z. Zaidman 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):767-773

SUMMARY

“Colour spots” (CS) in pepper fruit is a physiological disorder characteristic of some sweet pepper cultivars. The symptoms are yellowish spots on the outer surface of affected fruits. We investigated the effects of shading and nitrogen supply on the susceptibility of three sweet pepper cvs (Maor, Lady Bell and 899) to CS. The most susceptible was ‘Maor’. The incidence of CS was promoted by high N and shading. The fruits of all cultivars had lower nitrogen concentrations than the leaves but there were no significant differences in fruit N content between Maor and the CS-insensitive cultivars. The CS-affected areas of the pericarp tissue had higher calcium concentrations than unaffected tissue. Differences in magnesium or potassium concentrations in these spots were less pronounced. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the affected pericarp cells contained crystals, presumably of calcium oxalate. Only in ‘Maor’ fruits was the oxalate concentration elevated by approximately nine-fold when the nitrogen supply to shaded plants was increased. We suggest that in the fruits of the sensitive cultivar, oxalic acid production is enhanced under high-nitrogen + shading conditions and causes the CS damage, possibly be chelating intracellular calcium.  相似文献   

Artificial reproduction of wild and cultured barbel (Barbus barbus, Cyprinidae) under controlled conditions     

Targońska K  Kucharczyk D  Zarski D  Cejko BI  Krejszeff S  Kupren K  Król R  Dryl K  Kowalski RK  Glogowski J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2011,59(3):363-372

The aim of this work was to compare the effects of controlled reproduction of cultured and wild common barbel, Barbus barbus (L.). Preparations containing different GnRH analogues and dopamine receptor antagonists (Ovopel, Ovaprim) as well as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (in the case of cultured fish) were applied and their influence on ovulation, spermiation and quality of gametes obtained was determined. No differences in the qualitative or quantitative parameters of semen were found between fish stimulated with different hormonal preparations and those not receiving hormonal stimulation. The high suitability of Ovaprim for ovulation induction in (cultured and wild) barbel was confirmed. The highest synchronisation of ovulation was obtained after the application of Ovopel (18 ± 3 h), but the best results of controlled reproduction (expressed as the percentage of ovulations and survival of embryos) were obtained by applying Ovaprim (83.2 ± 4.1). A significantly higher percentage of ovulation was obtained in cultured fish (80-90%) than in wild fish (< 25%).  相似文献   

Feasibility and reliability of a German guideline for farm’s self-monitoring in sows and piglets     

Lena Friedrich  Joachim Krieter  Nicole Kemper  Irena Czycholl 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(10)

The present study’s aim was to test a German guideline for farm’s self-monitoring in sows and piglets for its feasibility as well as its interobserver and test–retest reliability. The study was performed between September 2016 and April 2018 on 13 farrowing farms in Northern Germany. Contrary to the guideline, the testing was not carried out by the farmers themselves but by 2 observers with experience in pigs representing common farmers. For the interobserver reliability study, the observers performed 20 joint farm visits independently assessing the same animals. For the test–retest reliability study, each farm was visited 5 times by 1 observer (day 0, day 3, week 7, month 5, month 10). Farm visit 1 (day 0) was used as reference and compared with the remaining farm visits. The reliability was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (RS), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and limits of agreement (LoA). As results, the guideline’s feasibility was limited. The indicators’ reliability also presented divergent results: All indicators in piglets revealed acceptable to good interobserver reliability (RS 0.64 to 0.77 ICC 0.33 to 0.48 LoA between the intervals −0.02 to 0.13 and −0.02 to 0.00). Contrarily, interobserver reliability was low for indicators in sows (e.g., claw alterations: RS −0.41 ICC 0.00 LoA −0.97 to 0.68). Overall acceptable test–retest reliability could be assigned to all indicators although no exact agreement existed but only the pursuit of trends is indicated. On the basis of the present results, the guideline in its present form cannot be recommended for farms’ self-monitoring. Given the restricted applicability, it should be reconsidered whether it might not be more appropriate to use scientifically tested and generally accepted animal welfare assessment systems such as the Welfare Quality animal welfare assessment protocols, although their application is also time-consuming.  相似文献   

Powdery mildew resistance of Nordic spring wheat cultivars grown in Estonia     

Hilma Peusha  Tamara Enno  Irena Jakobson  Jelena Tsotildembalova  Anne Ingver 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):289-296

Abstract

A group of spring wheat cultivars originating from Sweden, Finland, Norway, Germany, and the Netherlands was analysed for powdery mildew resistance. Using functional molecular markers, two alleles of the major resistance gene Pm3 were detected among the cultivars under the study. One of the alleles, Pm3d, was detected in the resistant cultivars ‘Vinjett’, ‘SW Estrad’, and ‘Zebra’, and in ‘Tjalve’, a cultivar of earlier release susceptible to the local population of powdery mildew. The second allele of Pm3 detected in the analysed group of cultivars was the allele Pm3f, rarely used in Europe. It was identified in the resistant cultivars ‘Satu’, ‘Helle’, and in the moderatively resistant cultivar ‘Mahti’. Pm3f was found to be effective against the local population of powdery mildew in Estonia, while Pm3d provided no protective effect. Besides the Pm3d allele on chromosome 1A, monosomic analysis of the cultivar ‘Vinjett’,which is almost immune to powdery mildew, identified two additional loci on chromosomes 5D and 7D, respectively, presumably responsible for the high resistance in this cultivar. In contrast to the earlier cultivars, six recently released cultivars (‘Vinjett’, ‘SW Estrad’, ‘Zebra’, ‘Satu’, ‘Helle’, ‘Meri’) demonstrated a high resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis DC. f. sp. tritici both in the field and seedling tests, showing that the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance in Nordic spring wheat has been improved noticeably in the last ten years.  相似文献   

Serum Thyroid Hormone Concentrations Fluctuate in Cats with Hyperthyroidism   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mark E. Peterson DVM    Thomas K. Graves  Irena Cavanagh 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1987,1(3):142-146

We measured serum thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in hyperthyroid cats (hourly for 10 hours in 14 cats, and daily for 15 days in seven cats) to assess fluctuation in thyroid hormone levels. Over the 10-hour study period the coefficient of variation (CV) for serum T4 and T3 concentrations ranged from 6.4-22.6% (mean = 12.0 +/- 4.8%) and from 9.6-33.1% (mean = 17.5 +/- 6.3%), respectively. During the 15-day study period, CV for serum T4 ranged from 6.6-34.8% (mean = 18.4 +/- 9.3%), while CV for serum T3 ranged from 7.8-31.0% (mean = 20.1 +/- 8.6%). These CV values were significantly higher than the expected intra-assay CVs (T4 assay, 5.1%; T3 assay, 7.7%). In addition, some of the cats with mild hyperthyroidism showed one or more normal serum T4 and T3 values during the course of the respective study periods. There was no specific time during the 10-hour study period at which the cats consistently showed peak serum T4 or T3 concentrations. These results suggest that serum thyroid hormone concentrations are subject to a degree of fluctuation that exceeds the usual assay variation, and that cats with mild hyperthyroidism can, at a given time, exhibit normal serum T4 and T3 values. Therefore, a diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism should not be excluded on the basis of the finding of a single normal serum T4 or T3 value in a cat with clinical signs and physical examination findings consistent with the disease.  相似文献   

Agmatine protection against chlorpromazine-induced forebrain cortex injury in rats     

Bratislav Dejanovic  Ivana Stevanovic  Milica Ninkovic  Ivana Stojanovic  Irena Lavrnja  Tatjana Radicevic  Milos Pavlovic 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2016,17(1):53-61

This study was conducted to investigate whether agmatine (AGM) provides protection against oxidative stress induced by treatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ) in Wistar rats. In addition, the role of reactive oxygen species and efficiency of antioxidant protection in the brain homogenates of forebrain cortexes prepared 48 h after treatment were investigated. Chlorpromazine was applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) in single dose of 38.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) The second group was treated with both CPZ and AGM (75 mg/kg BW). The control group was treated with 0.9% saline solution in the same manner. All tested compounds were administered i.p. in a single dose. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation 48 h after treatment Treatment with AGM significantly attenuated the oxidative stress parameters and restored antioxidant capacity in the forebrain cortex. The data indicated that i.p. administered AGM exerted antioxidant action in CPZ-treated animals. Moreover, reactive astrocytes and microglia may contribute to secondary nerve-cell damage and participate in the balance of destructive vs. protective actions involved in the pathogenesis after poisoning.  相似文献   

Does interspecific competition change the barley's response and recovery from heat wave?     

Jrat&#x; altauskait&#x;  Austra Dik&#x;aityt&#x;  Diana Mi&#x;kelyt&#x;  Giedr&#x; Kacien&#x;  Gintar&#x; Sujetovien&#x;  Irena Janu&#x;kaitien&#x;  Sandra Sakalauskien&#x;  Jurga Miliauskien&#x;  Romualdas Juknys 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(4):401-413

Different species have different sensitivity to heat waves; therefore, interspecific competition may affect the crop response to heat waves. We investigated the effects of heat waves on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown with and without wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) as well as the recovery of barleys from stress. The plants were exposed to a 7‐day 35/28ºC (day/night) heat wave at ambient CO₂ (400 μmol/mol) and elevated CO₂ (800 μmol/mol). All seedlings were rehydrated and returned to control conditions (21/14ºC, CO₂ 400 μmol/mol) after the cease of heat wave and grown for a 7‐day period of recovery. Heat wave had more pronounced negative effect on the barley's aboveground biomass under competition with mustard, whereas the response of root biomass was not influenced by the presence of weeds. The heat wave induced reductions in barley's photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency under interspecific competition were higher compared to monocultured conditions. Interspecific competition impaired and delayed the recovery of barley's biomass production and leaf gas exchange parameters after heat wave. Elevated CO₂ slightly mitigated negative heat wave impact on the growth and leaf gas exchange parameters but had no effect during the recovery period.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial activity of Viola tricolor herb     

Witkowska-Banaszczak E  Bylka W  Matławska I  Goślińska O  Muszyński Z 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(5):458-461

The antimicrobial activity of infusion, decoction, ethanol extract and fractions obtained by successive extraction of Viola tricolor herb with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol was evaluated. The infusion, decoction and ethanol extract were found to be most effective against the tested microorganisms.  相似文献   

Telemetry as a method for measuring the effect of different housing conditions on shelter dogs’ welfare     

Emanuela Viggiano  Sarah Marshall-Pescini  Irena Petak  Emanuela Prato-Previde  Eugenia Natoli  Paola Valsecchi 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(2):79-80

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