Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in a Weimaraner     

Baltzer WI  Calise DV  Levine JM  Shelton GD  Edwards JF  Steiner JM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(4):227-232

A 2-year-old, male Weimaraner with muscular dystrophy was presented with generalized muscle atrophy of the limbs; hypertrophy of the neck, infraspinatus, and lingual muscles; dysphagia; and regurgitation. Unilateral cryptorchidism, unilateral renal agenesis, and hiatal hernia were also detected. Spontaneous muscle activity was identified on myography. Serum creatine kinase was markedly elevated. Immunohistochemical staining for dystrophin was restricted to suspected revertant (characteristics of immaturity) fibers. Histologically, skeletal myofiber degeneration, endomysial fibrosis, and mineralization were present. Following euthanasia, necropsy revealed hypertrophy of the diaphragm and cardiac muscle fibrosis. This case of muscular dystrophy represents a slowly progressive form with organ agenesis.  相似文献   

Selection of native trees for intercropping with coffee in the Atlantic Rainforest biome     

Helton N. Souza  Irene M. Cardoso  José M. Fernandes  Flávia C. P. Garcia  Verônica R. Bonfim  Alvori C. Santos  Anôr F. Carvalho  Eduardo S. Mendonça 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,80(1):1-16

A challenge in establishing agroforestry systems is ensuring that farmers are interested in the tree species, and are aware of how to adequately manage these species. This challenge was tackled in the Atlantic Rainforest biome (Brazil), where a participatory trial with agroforestry coffee systems was carried out, followed by a participatory systematisation of the farmers experiences. Our objective was to identify the main tree species used by farmers as well as their criteria for selecting or rejecting tree species. Furthermore, we aimed to present a specific inventory of trees of the Leguminosae family. In order to collect the data, we reviewed the bibliography of the participatory trial, visited and interviewed the farmers and organised workshops with them. The main farmers’ criteria for selecting tree species were compatibility with coffee, amount of biomass, production and the labour needed for tree management. The farmers listed 85 tree species; we recorded 28 tree species of the Leguminosae family. Most trees were either native to the biome or exotic fruit trees. In order to design and manage complex agroforestry systems, family farmers need sufficient knowledge and autonomy, which can be reinforced when a participatory methodology is used for developing on-farm agroforestry systems. In the case presented, the farmers learned how to manage, reclaim and conserve their land. The diversification of production, especially with fruit, contributes to food security and to a low cost/benefit ratio of agroforestry systems. The investigated agroforestry systems showed potential to restore the degraded landscape of the Atlantic Rainforest biome.  相似文献   

Street foods into the 21st century     

Irene Tinker 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(3):327-333

  相似文献   

Effect of Density on Growth and Feeding of the Crayfish Cambarellus montezumae (Saussure, 1857)     

José Luis Arredondo-Figueroa  Angélica Vásquez-González  Irene de los A. Barriga-Sosa  Claudia Carmona-Osalde  Miguel Rodríguez-Serna 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):66-73

The acocil C. montezumae is a freshwater crayfish endemic to the Central Plateau of Mexico, but, in recent years, the natural population of this species has diminished considerably. In this work was investigated growth performance and feeding of this crayfish reared at high densities. A random block experimental design with two repetitions and three treatments (77, 154 and 231 crayfish/m²) was carried out. Organisms were fed every third day with 15% of their total biomass of shrimp commercial food with 25% of crude protein, and individual food consumption (IFC) was calculated. Significant differences (ANOVA, P < 0.05) were detected in final weight, absolute increase, relative rate of increase, instantaneous rate of increase, yield and survival rate between the densities, with those reared at a density of 77 organisms/m² reaching the largest sizes. There were no-significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in terms of initial weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion l rate.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance in female strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus     

Diones Bender Almeida  Marco André Paldês da Costa  Liane Ney Bassini  Cecilia Irene Pérez Calabuig  Carla Giovane Avila Moreira  Marília Danyelle Nunes Rodrigues  Harold Julian Pérez  Rafael Aldrighi Tavares  Antonio Sergio Varela Jr.  Heden Luiz Marques Moreira 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(6):1291-1300

The Nile tilapia is among the most cultivated tropical fish in the world, yet little is known about the variations in reproductive characteristics among different strains. There is an interest in evaluating the reproductive performance of females of three tilapia strains. All strains were represented in equal proportion (n = 225), being named as Supreme (SUP), Premium Aquabel (PA), and Chitralada (CHI). These fish were cultivated for 7 weeks in the Aquabel Pisciculture Station (Brazil), from January to March 2011. The PA was the largest strain, with the highest values in all the morphometric parameters we analyzed (weight, total length, standard length and body depth). Among the evaluated reproductive parameters, the PA strain differed significantly from the other two in number and weight of eggs/female, volume of eggs/spawn and number of eggs/kg of fish. The percentage of non-spawning females in the SUP and CHI strains differed significantly from one another, while results for PA showed intermediate values and no significance compared to the other strains (P > 0.05). Among the reproductive parameters analyzed, the percentage of spawned females/week, more than one spawns during 7 weeks, and hatching rate showed no significant differences between strains (P > 0.05). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.69) between water temperature and percentage of spawned females/week. When evaluating the interval between two consecutive spawns, we observed that periods of 21 days were the most frequent in all strains. In conclusion, the strain that showed the best results in all morphometric and in most reproductive parameters we evaluated was the PA.  相似文献   

Marine Terpenic Endoperoxides     

Irene Torres-García  Josefa L. Lpez-Martínez  Manuel Muoz-Dorado  Ignacio Rodríguez-García  Miriam lvarez-Corral 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

Organic extracts of marine invertebrates, mainly sponges, from seas all over the world are well known for their high in vitro anticancer and antibiotic activities which make them promising sources of compounds with potential use as pharmaceutical leads. Most of the structures discovered so far have a peculiar structural feature in common: a 1,2-dioxane ring. This is a highly reactive heterocycle that can be considered as an endoperoxide function. Together with other structural features, this group could be responsible for the strong biological activities of the substances present in the extracts. Numerous research programs have focused on their structural elucidation and total synthesis since the seventies. As a consequence, the number of established chiral centres and the similarity between different naturally occurring substances is increasingly higher. Most of these compounds have a terpenoid nature, mainly diterpene and sesterterpene, with several peculiar structural features, such as the loss of one carbon atom. Although there are many reviews dealing with the occurrence of marine peroxides, their activities, or potential pharmaceutical uses, no one has focused on those having a terpene origin and the endoperoxide function. We present here a comprehensive review of these compounds paying special attention to their structural features and their biological activity.  相似文献   

Informing CITES Parties: Strengthening science‐based decision‐making when listing marine species     

Kim Friedman  Matias Braccini  Matthew Bjerregaard‐Walsh  Ramn Bonfil  Corey J. A. Bradshaw  Stephen Brouwer  Ian Campbell  Rui Coelho  Enric Corts  Wetjens Dimmlich  Michael G. Frisk  Irene Kingma  Sophy R. McCully Phillips  Colman O'Criodain  Denham Parker  Samuel Shephard  Javier Tovar‐vila  Kotaro Yokawa 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(1):13-31

International trade in vulnerable marine species is regulated once they are listed in CITES Appendices (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Parties to the Convention submit proposal(s) 150 days prior to the CITES Conference for voting on the inclusion of new species in Appendices I and II, making a case for why CITES listing criteria are met in each case. Before the vote, Parties receive advice from (a) the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (b) the International Union for Conservation of Nature—TRAFFIC and (c) the CITES Secretariat, among others. This paper offers an expert review of listing processes, which are the subject of much debate in fishery and environment‐protection communities, looking at two specific cases: silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinidae) and bigeye thresher shark (Alopias superciliosus, Alopiidae). The reviewers determine that the evidence made available to voting Parties is substantial, but suffers from non‐standard presentation across assessments. The best available data are not always presented or described transparently in relation to CITES criteria. An extension of the assessment period, as well as the opportunity to refute evidence, has been suggested as ways to support more informed and effective decision‐making by CITES Parties, whose composition of delegations varies greatly in their experience of marine species management and trade. Experts welcomed a greater coherence of advice between fishery and non‐fishery sources in the long term, and proposed a range of suggested improvements for the delivery of information and advice to CITES Parties.  相似文献   

Lactic acid bacteria vs. pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of fish: a review     

Einar Ringø  Lisbeth Løvmo  Mads Kristiansen  Yvonne Bakken  Irene Salinas  Reidar Myklebust  Rolf Erik Olsen  Terry M Mayhew 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(4):451-467

Intensive fish production worldwide has increased the risk of infectious diseases. However, before any infection can be established, pathogens must penetrate the primary barrier. In fish, the three major routes of infection are the skin, gills and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is essentially a muscular tube lined by a mucous membrane of columnar epithelial cells that exhibit a regional variation in structure and function. In the last two decades, our understanding of the endocytosis and translocation of bacteria across this mucosa, and the sorts of cell damage caused by pathogenic bacteria, has increased. Electron microscopy has made a valuable contribution to this knowledge. In the fish‐farming industry, severe economic losses are caused by furunculosis (agent, Aeromonas salmonicida spp. salmonicida) and vibriosis [agent, Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum]. This article provides an overview of the GI tract of fish from an electron microscopical perspective focusing on cellular damage (specific attack on tight junctions and desmosomes) caused by pathogenic bacteria, and interactions between the ‘good’ intestinal bacteria [e.g. lactic acid bacteria (LAB)] and pathogens. Using different in vitro methods, several studies have demonstrated that co‐incubation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) foregut (proximal intestine) with LAB and pathogens can have beneficial effects, the cell damage caused by the pathogens being prevented, to some extent, by the LAB. However, there is uncertainty over whether or not similar effects are observed in other species such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). When discussing cellular damage in the GI tract of fish caused by pathogenic bacteria, several important questions arise including: (1) Do different pathogenic bacteria use different mechanisms to infect the gut? (2) Does the gradual development of the GI tract from larva to adult affect infection? (3) Are there different infection patterns between different fish species? The present article addresses these and other questions.  相似文献   

Dietary intake of different types and characteristics of processed meat which might be associated with cancer risk--results from the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)     

Linseisen J  Rohrmann S  Norat T  Gonzalez CA  Dorronsoro Iraeta M  Morote Gómez P  Chirlaque MD  Pozo BG  Ardanaz E  Mattisson I  Pettersson U  Palmqvist R  Van Guelpen B  Bingham SA  McTaggart A  Spencer EA  Overvad K  Tjønneland A  Stripp C  Clavel-Chapelon F  Kesse E  Boeing H  Klipstein-Grobusch K  Trichopoulou A  Vasilopoulou E  Bellos G  Pala V  Masala G  Tumino R  Sacerdote C  Del Pezzo M  Bueno-de-Mesquita HB  Ocke MC  Peeters PH  Engeset D  Skeie G  Slimani N  Riboli E 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):449-464

  相似文献   

Evaluation of new breeding lines of white lupin with improved resistance to anthracnose     

Irene Jacob  Ulf Feuerstein  Markus Heinz  Michael Schott  Peer Urbatzka 《Euphytica》2017,213(10):236

Since the mid-1990s, the cultivation of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) has rapidly decreased in Germany and other countries in Central Europe because of the occurrence of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of the fungal disease anthracnose, and the lack of varieties with a sufficient resistance towards this disease. To reestablish the relevance of cultivating white lupins, the development of new varieties with improved resistance is vital. In the study presented here, new breeding lines were evaluated from 2012 to 2014 on a total of five experimental sites in Germany. In each year, at least on one site a high disease pressure with good differentiation built up from natural seed infestations, so that evaluation and further selection for resistance was possible in all 3 years. The breeding lines showed improved performance of resistance towards C. lupini (anthracnose disease score 3.8 on average of all breeding lines and environments) compared to the reference varieties (anthracnose disease score 5.8). Improved resistance had a favorable effect on grain yield, particularly in environments with high disease pressure, and yield stability. Average grain yields were 2.6 t ha^?1 for the breeding lines and 1.5 t ha^?1 for the reference cultivars. Among the tested range of white lupins, the breeding material showed consistently higher grain yields on average of all environments compared to the rather low and variable yielding reference cultivars. The alkaloid content varied among environments and breeding lines.  相似文献