Individual anthocyanins and their contribution to total antioxidant capacity in response to low temperature and high CO₂ in stored Cardinal table grapes     

Irene Romero  María T. Sanchez-Ballesta  María I. Escribano  Carmen Merodio   《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,49(1):1-9

In this study, we have analyzed the profiles of individual anthocyanins in the skin of Cardinal table grapes and their contribution to the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in response to low temperature (0 °C) and high CO₂ levels (20% for 3 days). An analysis of the representative colour parameters of this red-violet variety was also determined. The anthocyanin composition was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS). The contribution of individual anthocyanins to the TAC value of table grapes was calculated on the basis of their concentration and antioxidant capacity measured as the TEAC value (slope of the anthocyanin/slope of Trolox). Chromatographic analysis identified six anthocyanins, including pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg-3-G), in the skin of Cardinal table grapes. Short-term storage at 0 °C in air had an increasing effect on the concentration of each of the identified anthocyanins. After 3 days at 0 °C, untreated grapes had the highest anthocyanin content (27.55 mg/100 g FW) and displayed the largest TAC value (52.45 mM TE/100 g FW). Peonidin 3-glucoside (Pn-3-G) was the predominant anthocyanin, and it was mainly responsible for the rise in the calculated TAC value in untreated grapes. Pn-3-G had a low average TEAC value (1.73 mM), but its contribution could be explained by the sharp increase in the content of this anthocyanin the first days of storage at 0 °C. In contrast, the Pn-3-G content in grapes at the end of the 3-day CO₂ treatment did not change, and both the total anthocyanin content and the calculated TAC value remained significantly constant in comparison to the levels in pre-stored grapes. In addition CO₂ treatment had a positive effect on the amount of Pg-3-G concomitant with a pronounced decline in delphinidin 3-glucoside (Dp-3-G) and smaller decreases in petunidin 3-glucoside (Pt-3-G) and malvidin 3-glucoside (Mv-3-G). These effects of high CO₂ levels on the profile of individual anthocyanins were progressively lost when grapes were transferred to air. Indeed, after prolonged low-temperature storage when the colour of the berries become dark violet, similar calculated TAC values were quantified in untreated grapes and in those exposed to 20% CO₂. These data provide new insights about the effect of low temperature and high CO₂ levels on the concentration of the individual anthocyanins identified in cardinal table grapes.  相似文献   

Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fecundity of the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)     

Karina Ribeiro  Irene Bastos Franceschini‐Vicentini  Luciene Patrici Papa  Michael B. New  Wagner C. Valenti 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(12):1756-1763

Effects of the ratio of dietary fatty acids, namely n‐3 (mainly long chain polyunsaturated – LC‐PUFA) to n‐6 PUFA on the fecundity of Macrobrachium amazonicum were evaluated. In T1, the diet had equal and low levels of dietary n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids (6 mg g^?1). In T2, the concentration of n‐3 (6 mg g^?1) was a half of the concentration of the n‐6 (12 mg g^?1), and in T3, the diet had equal and high concentrations of n‐3 and n‐6 (12 mg g^?1). Females with ovaries in stages I, III and V were collected. Higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) (6.89%) was observed in females in ovarian stage V than at other ovarian stages; however, the hepatosomatic index (HIS) showed high values in all females with ovaries in the stage III. A ratio of 1:2 n‐3:n‐6 fatty acids increased the GSI of mature females and the number of eggs spawned. Raising the level of both n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids from ~0.6% to ~1.2% of the diet did not produce any effect on the GSI or on fecundity, suggesting that the ratio is more important than the absolute value of these two families of fatty acids.  相似文献   

Removal of Nickel by Means of Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration (MEUF) Using Two Anionic Surfactants     

Encarnacion Samper  Manuel Rodríguez  Irene Sentana  Daniel Prats 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):5-15

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is an effective separation technique for removing metal ions from aqueous environments. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of two anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), was determined by means of conductometry. The effects of pH, conductivity, and surfactant concentration on the permeate flow, retention of surfactants and nickel by MEUF, was studied. Results showed that for surfactant concentrations beyond the CMC, Ni(II) retention with SDS was slightly higher than with LAS (S/M?=?45: Ni(II) retention was 70% and 55% for SDS and LAS, respectively). LAS surfactant was always retained in higher quantities than SDS. An increase in conductivity produced large reduction in Ni(II) retention and slightly increased surfactant retention. pH values between 4 and 8 did not affect nickel retention but enhanced the SDS and LAS surfactant retentions.  相似文献   

Incidental catch of marine turtles by Spanish bottom trawlers in the western Mediterranean          下载免费PDF全文

Francesc Domènech  Irene Álvarez de Quevedo  Manuel Merchán  Ohiana Revuelta  Gabriela Vélez‐Rubio  Sebastián Bitón  Luis Cardona  Jesús Tomás 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(5):678-689

Determination of serum biochemical reference intervals for the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)     

Ignacio García  Sebastián Napp  Irene Zorrilla  Astrid Vargas  Josep Pastor  Álvaro Muñoz  Fernando Martínez 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(2):201-204

Biochemical reference intervals were determined for 31 clinically healthy Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus) between 1 and 6 years of age. Thirteen of the lynxes were wild-caught and the other 18 were captive-reared animals. The samples were collected between November 2004 and December 2006. The influence of sex (males vs. females), age (juveniles vs. adults) and habitat condition (free-living vs. captive) on the biochemical analytes were evaluated. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in females than in males, while creatine phosphokinase was higher in males. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were higher in juvenile lynxes, while gamma glutamyl-transferase and creatinine values were higher in adults. Lynxes captured in the wild had higher concentrations of iron, calcium, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine, but lower aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than lynxes maintained in captivity. The results were generally comparable to commonly reported reference intervals for other lynx species, the domestic cat and other felid species.  相似文献   

The ultrastructural evaluation of digestive cells in the hepatopancreas of the Amazon River prawn,Macrobrachium amazonicum          下载免费PDF全文

Karina Ribeiro  Luciene Patrici Papa  Carlos Alberto Vicentini  Irene Bastos Franceschini‐Vicentini 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1251-1259

The Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum is endemic to tropical South America and is being intensively exploited by artisanal fisheries in Brazil. Limited information is available about the nutritional requirements of M. amazonicum, although the production of this species is now technically feasible. The digestive process in this species is still unclear and investigation into the digestive cells of its hepatopancreatic epithelium is required. Thus, the hepatopancreas from 15 specimens were fixed in Karnovsky Solution and processed for Transmission Electron Microscopy. Our results indicate that E cells are located at the distal portion of the hepatopancreatic tubule and are involved in mitotic activity. The cylindrical R cells are sparse and are only found in the proximal portion of the hepatopancreatic tubule. According to its ultrastructural characteristics, this cell is involved in pinocytosis. M cells are generally found near the R cells. The F cells are scattered throughout the length of the hepatopancreatic tubules, and B cells are observed mainly in the proximal and middle regions. F cells and B cells are likely related to, respectively, the synthesis of enzymes and the intracelular digestion. R‐ and M cells are probably related to material storage. Thus, these findings provide basic information on the cell types that perform protein digestion in M. amazonicum, and will be useful in further nutritional research. The identification and characterization of digestive cells is an important step towards understanding the digestive mechanisms.  相似文献   

Effect of a povidone-iodine intrauterine infusion on progesterone levels and endometrial steroid receptor expression in mares     

Kalpokas I  Perdigón F  Rivero R  Talmon M  Sartore I  Viñoles C 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):66

Background

Intrauterine infusions have been widely used for the treatment of endometritis in the mare. Nevertheless, their consequences on endocrine and endometrial molecular aspects are unknown. We studied the effect of a 1% povidone-iodine solution intrauterine infusion on progesterone levels, endometrial histology and estrogen (ERα) and progesterone (PR) receptor distribution by immunohistochemistry.

Methods

Fourteen healthy mares were used in this study. Estruses were synchronized and seven mares were treated with intrauterine infusions at days 0 and 2 post ovulation of two consecutive estrous cycles. Uterine biopsy samples were taken on days 6 and 15 post ovulation.

Results

The treatment did not induce an inflammatory response indicating endometritis, neither affected the ERα. However, it reduced the percentage of PR positive cells (PPC) on day 6 (deep glandular epithelium, control: 95.7 vs. infused: 61.5, P < 0.05). Treated mares tended to have lower progesterone levels on day 2 (3.9 ng/ml vs. 6.6 ng/ml, P = 0.07), and higher levels on day 15 compared with controls (4.4 ng/ml vs. 1.3 ng/ml, P = 0.07).

Conclusion

a 1% povidone-iodine infusion during days 0 and 2 post ovulation in healthy mares did not induce histological changes indicating endometritis, but altered progesterone concentrations and reduced the expression of endometrial PR at day 6 without affecting the ERα. These changes could reduce embryo survival.  相似文献   

How do light and water influence Pinus pinaster Ait. germination and early seedling development?     

Irene Ruano  Valentín Pando  Felipe Bravo 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Germination and survival in the initial months represent a critical period for forest species. Many factors have significant influences and can produce a negative effect on regeneration. To prevent this, these factors must be known and their influence must be evaluated. The influence of light and of water availability has been studied in the most important pine species in the Iberian Peninsula, the Pinus pinaster. An experimental seed-sowing was conducted in the Cuéllar experimental site (central Spain), where four different harvest intensities were applied in 2004. Four different watering regimes were performed during two consecutives summers (2006 and 2007) and seedling development was monitored during 18 months. Main findings reveal that, regarding germination and survival in the initial months, light was more important than water availability. Higher germination and survival rates were obtained when the lowest level harvest was applied. However, in terms of biomass and growth, water availability was more influential than harvest intensity. Results improved when there was greater water availability after a few months. The main conclusion of this study is that light shows a higher impact that summer rainfall with respect to germination and survival in the early stages of Mediterranean Maritime Pine.  相似文献   

Mixed infections in vitro with different Chlamydiaceae strains and a cell culture adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus     

Stuedli A  Grest P  Schiller I  Pospischil A 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,106(3-4):209-223

Assuming a synergistic or additive effect of Chlamydiaceae in coexistence with other enteropathogenic agents, the viral/bacterial interaction between a cell culture adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (ca-PEDV) and different Chlamydiaceae strains was studied in vitro. Vero cells were dually infected with ca-PEDV and one of the three chlamydial strains Chlamydia trachomatis S45, Chlamydophila abortus S26/3 or Chlamydophila pecorum 1710S. Three experimental protocols were designed varying the inoculation sequence. Cell layers were first inoculated with Chlamydiaceae and 20 h later with ca-PEDV in protocol one. In protocol two, both agents were administered concurrently, whereas in protocol three, ca-PEDV was applied 20 h in advance of the Chlamydiaceae. Immunofluorescence techniques, immunohistochemical (IH) staining and electron microscopy were subsequently employed to investigate the cell layers. Using indirect immunofluorescence (IF) labeling, all mixed infections revealed dually infected cells, however, only incidentally and in low numbers. Characteristically, ca-PEDV syncytia with one or more chlamydial inclusions were detected but dually infected single cells were absent. Some syncytial cells contained enlarged C. abortus or C. pecorum inclusions with abnormally large developmental forms. In comparison with simultaneously conducted monoinfections, larger chlamydial inclusions were observed in dually infected cell layers. Experiments with C. trachomatis showed significantly increased numbers of chlamydial inclusions in dually infected cell layers compared to monoinfected ones. These findings indicate an influence of ca-PEDV on the chlamydial developmental cycle and in the case of C. trachomatis, a positive effect on chlamydial colonization in mixed infections.  相似文献   

Endometrial polyps in 2 African pygmy hedgehogs     

Phillips ID  Taylor JJ  Allen AL 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(6):524-527

Reports of spontaneously occurring endometrial polyps in animals are rare and have only involved a few species. This report is intended to advise veterinarians that older African pygmy hedgehogs may develop endometrial polyps and that these lesions can be a cause of bloody vaginal discharge, sometimes interpreted as hematuria.  相似文献