Effects of racing on lymphocyte proliferation in horses     

Nesse LL  Johansen GI  Blom AK 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(4):528-530

OBJECTIVE: To measure the lymphocyte proliferation response in horses 12 to 16 hours after completion of a race. ANIMALS: 8 Thoroughbreds that competed in 14 races and 3 control Thoroughbreds that did not race. PROCEDURE: Horses participated in races during the late afternoon or evening. Venous blood samples were collected on a morning before a race (1 or 2 days before the race or on the day of the race), on the afternoon of a race (40 to 60 minutes after the race), and on the morning of the day after a race (12 to 16 hours after the race). Lymphocyte proliferation responses and WBC count were measured in samples obtained in the mornings. Plasma cortisol was measured in all samples. RESULTS: Lymphocyte proliferation responses were significantly reduced and WBC counts significantly increased 12 to 16 hours after a race. Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly increased 40 to 60 minutes after a race. In samples from the control horses, lymphocyte proliferation responses, WBC counts, or plasma cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly among time periods. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A decrease in proliferative responses of circulating lymphocytes can be found as late as 12 to 16 hours after a horse participates in a race. Although the clinical consequences of these exercise-related alterations of the immune response are not yet known, managers of horses should take into account that the immune system of a horse may be affected by racing.  相似文献   

Prevalence of tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter in organic broilers during a production cycle     

Luangtongkum T  Morishita TY  Martin L  Choi I  Sahin O  Zhang Q 《Avian diseases》2008,52(3):487-490

Tetracycline (tet) resistance in Campylobacter isolated from organically raised broilers was investigated in this study. Two hundred forty-five samples from an organic broiler farm were collected weekly from the first week to the end of the production cycle, and they were cultured for thermophilic Campylobacter. Tetracycline resistance of these Campylobacter isolates was identified by the agar dilution method, whereas DNA fingerprinting profiles of tet-susceptible and tet-resistant strains were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). None of the Campylobacter isolates from the third and the fourth week of the production period were resistant to tetracycline, whereas 66.7% of the isolates from the fifth week were resistant to this antibiotic. Although the prevalence of tetracycline resistance reached 100.0% during the sixth and seventh week, less than 34.0% of the isolates from the 10th week were resistant to this antimicrobial agent. In addition, only 13.8% of Campylobacter isolates from the intestinal tracts of these organically raised broilers were resistant to tetracycline. The presence of the tet(O) gene was detected in 98.9% of tet-resistant Campylobacter isolates, and tet-susceptible and tet-resistant Campylobacter strains showed distinct PFGE genotypes. The results suggest that the Campylobacter strains isolated from the early stage of the production were susceptible to tetracycline, but they were subsequently displaced by tet-resistant Campylobacter.  相似文献   

In vitro studies of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) foregut: tissue responses and evidence of protection against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida epithelial damage     

Salinas I  Myklebust R  Esteban MA  Olsen RE  Meseguer J  Ringø E 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,128(1-2):167-177

Probiotic bacteria increase the host health status and protect mucosal tissue against pathogen-caused damage in mammalian models. Using an in vitro (intestinal sac) method this study aimed to address (a) the in vitro ability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis to remain in the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and (b) its ability to prevent cellular damage caused by successive incubation with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida the causative agent of furunculosis. Short in vitro incubation of salmon foregut with (TRITC)-labelled L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis showed that the probiont was able to colonize the enterocyte surface as studied by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, foregut incubated with the probiotic bacteria only, resulted in a healthy intestinal barrier whereas exposure to A. salmonicida disrupted its integrity. However, pre-treatment of salmon intestine with L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis prevented Aeromonas damaging effects. These results are promising in the context of the use of non-autochthonous probiotic bacteria as prophylactic agents against fish bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

Mineralization of [14C] glyphosate and its plant-associated residues in arable soils originating from different farming systems     

Sabine von Wirn-Lehr  Dieter Komoßa  Werner E. Glßgen  Heinrich Sandermann  Irene Scheunert 《Pest management science》1997,51(4):436-442

The biomineralization of [¹⁴C]glyphosate, both in the free state and as ¹⁴C-residues associated with soybean cell-wall material, was studied in soil samples from four different agricultural farming systems. After 26 days, [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide production from free glyphosate accounted for 34–51% of the applied radiocarbon, and 45–55% was recovered from plant-associated residues. For three soils, the cumulative [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide production from free glyphosate was positively correlated with soil microbial biomass, determined by substrate-induced heat output measurement and by total adenylate content. The fourth soil, originating from a former hop plantation, and containing high concentrations of copper from long-term fungicide applications, did not fit this correlation but showed a significantly higher [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide production per unit of microbial biomass. Although the cumulative [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide production from plant-associated ¹⁴C-residues after 26 days was as high as from the free compound, it was not correlated with the soil microbial biomass. This indicates that the biodegradation of plant-associated herbicide residues, in contrast to that of the free compound, involves different degradation processes. These encompass either additional steps to degrade the plant matrix, presumably performed by different soil organisms, or fewer degradation steps since the plant-associated herbicide residues are likely to consist mainly of easily degradable metabolites. Moreover, the bioavailability of plant-associated pesticide residues seems to be dominated by the type and strength of their fixation in the plant matrix. ©1997 SCI  相似文献   

Can a golf course support biodiversity and ecosystem services? The landscape context matter     

Petrosillo  Irene  Valente  Donatella  Pasimeni  Maria Rita  Aretano  Roberta  Semeraro  Teodoro  Zurlini  Giovanni 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(10):2213-2228

Landscape Ecology - In the last 30 years, the number of golf courses has increased dramatically worldwide. Since no other sport occupies and manages such large areas of green space, landscape...  相似文献   

Non-lethal loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay as a point-of-care diagnostics tool for Neoparamoeba perurans,the causative agent of amoebic gill disease     

Irene Cano  Robin McCullough  Brian Mulhearn  Susie Gunning  Ava Waine  Claire Joiner  Richard Paley 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(7):779-790

Neoparamoeba perurans is the causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). Two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting the parasite 18S rRNA and the Atlantic salmon EF1α, used as internal control, were designed. The N. perurans LAMP assay did not amplify close relatives N. pemaquidensis and N. branchiphila, or the host DNA. This assay detected 10⁶ copies of the parasite 18S rRNA gene under 13 min and 10³ copies under 35 min. Five “fast-and-dirty” DNA extraction methods were compared with a reference method and further validated by TaqMan™ qPCR. Of those, the QuickExtract buffer was selected for field tests. Seventy-one non-lethal gill swabs were analysed from AGD-clinically infected Atlantic salmon. The pathogen was detected under 23 min in fish of gill score >2 and under 39 min for lower gill scores. About 1.6% of the tests were invalid (no amplification of the internal control). 100% of positives were obtained from swabs taken from fish showing gill score ˃3, but only ~50% of positives for lower gill scores. The present LAMP assay could be implemented as a point-of-care test for the on-site identification of N. perurans; however, further work is required to improve its performance for lower scores.  相似文献   

Ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs: Housing and manure storage   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barbara Amon  Vitaliy Kryvoruchko  Martina Frhlich  Thomas Amon  Alfred Pllinger  Irene Msenbacher  Anton Hausleitner 《Livestock Science》2007,112(3):199-207

Animal welfare and environmental protection are increasingly important. Housing systems must be found that offer animal welfare while minimizing the overall emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases. The straw flow system is an animal friendly housing system for fattening pigs, which can be operated economically on commercial farms. Emissions from conventional slurry based pig houses have been intensively studied, but more research is needed into straw based systems. In this study, we quantified emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases from a straw flow system with or without daily removal of slurry to an outside store. The effect of applying a solid cover during outside storage was also examined.

Emissions of NH₃, N₂O, CH₄, and volatile organic C (VOC) from a commercial straw flow system for fattening pigs in Upper Austria were measured between June 2003 and March 2004. Emissions of CH₄ during housing were 1.24 and 0.54 kg CH₄ per pig place per year without and with daily manure removal, respectively. The corresponding N₂O emissions amounted to 39.9 and 24.5 g N₂O per pig place per year, and NH₃ emissions to 2.10 and 1.90 kg NH₃ per pig place per year without and with daily manure removal. Emissions of CH₄, N₂O and NH₃, and of total greenhouse gases, from the straw flow system were lower than literature reference values for forced ventilated fully slatted floor systems. Daily removal of the manure to an outside store reduced emissions from the pig house.

Emissions during storage of pig slurry derived from a straw flow system were quantified between June 2004 and June 2005. Slurry was stored in pilot scale stores with or without a solid cover and emissions quantified by a large open dynamic chamber. The solid cover reduced NH₃ and greenhouse gas emissions by 30 and 50%, respectively. During cold climatic conditions stored pig manure emitted less NH₃ and greenhouse gases than when stored under warm climatic conditions. We recommend the use of separate emission factors for slurry storage in the colder and warmer periods in the national emission inventory, and the use of covers on pig slurry stores.

Overall, it is concluded that the straw flow system may combine recommendations of animal welfare and environmental protection.  相似文献   

Temporal distribution of porcine circovirus 2 genogroups recovered from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome affected and nonaffected farms in Ireland and Northern Ireland.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gordon M Allan  Francis McNeilly  Michael McMenamy  Irene McNair  Steven G Krakowka  Sirje Timmusk  Dermot Walls  Maria Donnelly  Donal Minahin  John Ellis  Per Wallgren  Caroline Fossum 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(6):668-673

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is now recognized as the essential infectious component of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). PMWS was first recognized in high-status, specific pathogen-free pigs in Canada in 1991 and is now an economically important disease that affects the swine industry around the world. Recently, reports of genomic studies on PCV2 viruses indicated that 2 distinctive genogroups of PCV2 exist.4,10 This report involves the results of a study on the distribution of predominant PCV2 genogroups recovered from samples taken from PMWS-affected and PMWS-nonaffected farms on the island of Ireland over a 9-year period and the results of a study on PCV2 genogroup recovery from fecal samples taken from a farm in Northern Ireland from 2003 to 2005 that was first diagnosed as PMWS positive in August 2005. The results indicate that, although at least 2 distinct genogroups of PCV2 have been circulating on pig farms on the island of Ireland, there does not appear to be a direct relationship between infection with these different genogroups of PCV2 and the development of PMWS.  相似文献   

Cooking qualities of Rhode Island potatoes     

Irene H. Stuckey  Ruth E. Tucker  James E. Sheehan 《American Journal of Potato Research》1964,41(1):1-13

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Dynamics of Fasciola hepatica infection in two species of snails in a rural locality of Mexico     

Cruz-Mendoza I  Figueroa JA  Correa D  Ramos-Martínez E  Lecumberri-López J  Quiroz-Romero H 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,121(1-2):87-93

The aim of the present study was to identify the species that are natural intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica in a Research Centre in Chapa de Mota, State of Mexico, Mexico, where temperate and humid conditions prevail. Also, the magnitude and dynamics of the natural infection in four biotopes were analysed. The study was performed between October 2000 and November 2001. The molluscs were collected, identified and studied for trematode infection. Soil humidity and temperature were determined monthly. A total of 4042 snails were collected 3372 (83%) were Fossaria humilis and 670 (17%) F. bulimoides. F. hepatica was present in 2537 (75.2%) and 515 (76.9%) of the two snail species, respectively. Temperature, soil humidity and microenvironment affected the dynamics of the host population and the parasite infestation, with a significant increase from August to November 2001. The highest prevalence was observed in the warmer and more humid biotopes.  相似文献