Changes in the metagenome of the prokaryotic community of chernozems under the influence of mineral fertilizers     

A. K. Tkhakakhova  T. I. Chernov  E. A. Ivanova  O. V. Kutovaya  B. M. Kogut  A. A. Zavalin 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(1):62-65

Molecular biology techniques provided the data on the composition of the metagenome of the prokaryotic community of chernozem soils with different anthropogenic loads by means of sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The family markers that characterize the arable soil, fertilizers, and fallow soil were identified. The presence of a core (conservative) and accessory (labile and associated with soil processes or the conditions of the habitat of microorganisms) components of chernozem soils were detected.  相似文献   

Assessment of factors influencing changes in <Superscript>137</Superscript>Cs contamination density of agricultural lands     

A. V. Panov  E. G. Ivanova  V. M. Solomatin  M. A. Dubynina 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2011,37(2):135-139

A comparative analysis of predictive estimates of the ¹³⁷Cs contamination level of agricultural lands with real measurement data is given for the example of southern districts of the Kaluga oblast that suffered from the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Predictive calculations based on consideration of only radionuclide decay are sufficiently reliable; however, for greater accuracy it is necessary to take into consideration the amount of agrotechnical protective measures being carried out.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Desorption of Labile Potassium from Chernozems     

T. A. Sokolova  D. N. Osipova  S. E. Ivanova  A. V. Kiryushin 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(8):901-912

The dynamics of desorption of the easily exchangeable and nonexchangeable potassium (K) have been studied in chernozem samples taken from a field trial with a single-time application of different rates of potassium fertilizers after a long period of the absence of fertilizers in Voronezh oblast. The desorption of the easily exchangeable K is adequately described by the zero-order equation of reaction; several mechanisms participate in it. The reaction rate constant regularly increases with an increase in the rate of applied K fertilizer. Taking into account the high correlation between the amounts of K released into the soil solution and absorbed by plants in the course of the dynamic experiments, we may conclude about a significant improvement of plant nutrition conditions even in the case of a single application of K fertilizer at a small rate. The desorption of nonexchangeable K is approximated by the equation of irreversible reaction of the first order. The parameters of this equation, as well as of the equation of diffusion and of the Elovich equation, do not change in dependence on the rate of applied K fertilizer. The reaction rate constants in the equations of the first and zero orders describing the desorption of nonexchangeable and easily exchangeable K from chernozems are three to five times higher than those for soddy-podzolic soils and other soils of humid regions. This can be explained by the differences in the number and nature of exchange centers in the organic matter and on clay minerals of these soils.  相似文献   

The number of microorganisms and the microbiological activity of human-modified cryogenic pale soils of Yakutia     

T. I. Ivanova  N. P. Kuz’mina  A. P. Chevychelov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(11):1213-1220

Specific features of the microbial population—the high number of all the groups of microorganisms (1.6 × 10³–3.5 × 10⁷) similar to their abundance in steppe soils of the Transbaikal region and the distribution of microorganisms along the soil profile (without a decrease in their number with depth)—were revealed in a cryogenic weakly solodized loamy sandy pale soil. Unlike the soils of the Transbaikal region and central Russia, where bacteria, as a rule, are accumulated in the litter and upper soil horizons, in the undisturbed and weakly disturbed soils of Yakutia, the number of microorganisms is rather high within the whole soil profile. In the strongly disturbed agropale soil of croplands, the distribution of microorganisms is the same as in the soils of the Transbaikal region and European Russia. In the cryogenic soils studied, actinomycetes predominated, and their number varied from 47 000 to 35 000 000 CFU/g of soil. The number of microorganisms positively (r = 1) correlated with the soil moisture.  相似文献   

Fungal communities in the soils of early medieval settlements in the taiga zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O. E. Marfenina  A. E. Ivanova  E. E. Kislova  E. P. Zazovskaya  I. Yu. Chernov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(7):749-758

The difference between the mycobiota in anthropogenically transformed soils of the settlements of the 9th–14th centuries and in the background zonal Podzols and umbric Albeluvisols of the middle and southern taiga subzones in the European part of Russia is demonstrated. The mycological specificity of anthropogenically transformed soils with a cultural layer (CL) in comparison with the background soils is similar for all the studied objects. Its characteristic features are as follows: (1) the redistribution of the fungal biomass in the profile of anthropogenically transformed soils in comparison with zonal soils, (2) the lower amount of fungal mycelium in the CL with the accumulation of fungal spores in this layer, (3) the increased species diversity of fungal communities in the CL manifested by the greater morphological diversity of the spore pool and by the greater diversity of the fungi grown on nutrient media, (4) the change in the composition and species structure of fungal communities in the CL, (5) the replacement of dominant species typical of the zonal soils by eurytopic species, and (6) the significant difference between the fungal communities in the CL and in the above-and lower-lying horizons and buried soils of the same age. Most of the mycological properties of the soils of ancient settlements are also typical of modern urban soils. Thus, the mycological properties of soils can be considered informative carriers of soil memory about ancient anthropogenic impacts.  相似文献   

Synthesis and juvenile hormone activity of benzimidazolylterpenes possessing a 2,7-dimethyloctane skeleton     

Elena A Petrushkina  Natalia B Polonic  Galina B Ivanova 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):650-652

Benzimidazolylterpenes, possessing a 2,7-dimethyloctane skeleton showed IGR-activity on pupae of Tenebrio molitor L in laboratory tests: N-(7-methoxy-2,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl)benzimidazole showed the greatest activity.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of clay minerals under the influence of cyanobacterial-actinomycetal associations     

E. A. Ivanova  N. P. Chizhikova  G. M. Zenova  E. O. Omarova  A. S. Manucharov 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2009,64(3):108-112

The capacity of associations of cyanobacteria and actinomycetes to transform the structure of clay minerals (kaolin, vermiculite, mica, and montmorillonite) was experimentally revealed. First, easily weatherable vermiculite and biotite were transformed. The rate of transformation of micas to mixed-layered minerals depended on their structure: trioctahedral mica (biotite, the component of vermiculite) was changed much faster than dioctahedral mica (the component of kaolin). The lattices of all the phyllosilicates were altered (disordered and disaggregated) under the influence of the cyanobacterial-actinomycetal associations.  相似文献   

NMR studies of soil, soil organic matter and nutrients: spectroscopy and imaging     

E. W. Randall  N. Mahieu  G. I. Ivanova 《Geoderma》1997,80(3-4):307-325

A short general review of all aspects of the NMR technique, in both the spectroscopic and imaging modes, as applied to the study of soil, is presented from a mainly technical point of view. Illustrations, in the form of spectra and images, are reproduced for whole soils, solids, solid fractions, and liquid extracts from material in the authors' group. Nuclides covered are ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ²⁷Al and ³¹P. For solid samples the techniques employed include CP/MAS with and without TOSS, and for liquid-state studies the first high field (14.1 T) examples for soils in both one and two frequency dimensions are presented. For imaging further results from the first application of the stray field (STRAFI) technique applied to water in soil are given showing distortion-free images of both bound and free water. Finally, the first electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and pulsed EPR results on soils will be illustrated. This paper is a slightly expanded version of an introductory talk of 35 minutes and so is not discursive. In particular the benefits of the techniques presented to soil science are only touched on. Other speakers present papers elsewhere in this issue which expand on particular aspects of the utility of NMR studies of soils.  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION AND GROWTH REGULATOR ON MILK THISTLE SEED YIELD AND QUALITY     

Ira Stancheva  Georgi Georgiev  Maria Geneva  Albena Ivanova  Martin Dolezal  Lenka Tumova 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):818-830

The effects of foliar fertilization and a growth regulator 5-tert-butyl-N-m-tolylpyrazine-2-carboxamide (MD148/II) on the growth, seed yield, and silymarin content of milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.) plants were evaluated. The study was conducted over two years at an experimental field on a slightly acid-leached cinnamonic meadow soil. The MD148/II was applied in the beginning of milk thistle flowering stage. Foliar fertilizer was applied at different plant developmental stages with different proportions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Treatments with foliar fertilizer and MD148/II resulted in improvement of plant biomass, number of plant lateral shoots, flowering rate, and seed yield and the content of some active substances in milk thistle seeds. A reduction of high molecular fatty acids was observed. The increase of seed yield was a result of the flower head setting enhancement. Therefore the combined treatment of foliar fertilizer and MD148/II was efficient in elicitation milk thistle production under field conditions.  相似文献   

Indirect immunofluorescent assay for antinuclear antibodies on McCoy-Plovdiv serum-free cell line substrate     

Zagorov MY  Draganov MM  Alimanska SA  Staykova ND  Stefanov RS  Trayancheva M  Kuzmanova SI  Murdjeva MA 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2007,30(3):153-162

Indirect immunofluorescent assay for antinuclear antibodies (IIFA-ANA) on HEp-2 cell substrate is a widely used test for diagnosis of connective tissue diseases. Recently, serum-free fibroblast cell line McCoy-Plovdiv has been developed to provide an alternative substrate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of IIFA-ANA on McCoy-Plovdiv cell substrate for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare it with that of the standard HEp-2 cell substrate. Sera from 72 patients with RA and 23 patients with SLE were tested with IIFA-ANA on both substrates. The control group consisted of 100 sera from healthy individuals. The agreement (Cohen's kappa) and the diagnostic performance (ROC analysis) of both methods were evaluated. IIFA-ANA on McCoy-Plovdiv cells proved to be comparable with the standard IIFA-ANA on HEp-2 cell substrate.  相似文献