Production potential,biodiversity and soil properties of forest reclamations: Opportunities or risk of introduced coniferous tree species under climate change?     

Vacek  Zdeněk  Cukor  Jan  Vacek  Stanislav  Linda  Rostislav  Prokůpková  Anna  Podrázský  Vilém  Gallo  Josef  Vacek  Oldřich  Šimůnek  Václav  Drábek  Ondřej  Hájek  Vojtěch  Spasić  Marko  Brichta  Jakub 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(5):1243-1266

European Journal of Forest Research - In the time of ongoing climate change and the increasing area of post-mining landscape, the successful afforestation of reclamation sites by suitable adaptive...  相似文献   

Computer-assisted image analysis in the evaluation of fish wounding by cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (L.)] attacks     

Zdeněk Adámek  Jiří Kortan  Martin Flajšhans 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(3-4):211-216

Fish that have escaped from a cormorant’s (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (L.)) grasp and/or which could not be swallowed due to their size suffer from various injuries resulting in consecutive infections and subsequent increased mortality. Computer-assisted image analysis was applied to describe the extent of such injuries. Two-year-old mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (TL 200–300 mm, W 200–300 g) showed injuries ranging over approximately 10% of the total body surface. Immediately after wounding, the damaged epithelium (scars) cover 5–35%, and deeper subdermal wounds caused by the beak tip pervading into muscle tissue cover an area of 1–2% of the total body surface. On the side impacted by the cormorant’s lower mandible, extensive areas of epidermal contusions (scars) occur. As time progresses, these ratios change—deeper necroses represent up to 10% of the total body surface and healing epithelial scars comprise just 1–2%. In wounded silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val. (300–400 mm, W 500–700 g), the share of subdermal wounds usually does not exceed 0.5% due to their compact scaly cover. During pond draining due to fish harvesting, the size spectrum of wounded fish increases and may also often include bigger fish (e.g., European catfish, Silurus glanis L.) up to 2.2 kg.  相似文献   

Degradation of juvenogens by termites and soil bacteria     

Jana Brabcová  Robert Hanus  Richard Tykva  Věra Vlasáková  Bohuslav ?erný  Zdeněk Wimmer  Marie Zarevúcka 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(2):103-108

Considering a potential application of selected biochemically activated insect hormonogen substances (juvenogens) against pest termite species, we aimed this study to describe the metabolism of these compounds by termites and soil bacteria and to evaluate the potential impact of their metabolites on the environment. Radiolabelled derivatives of the juvenogens cis- and trans-isomers of ethyl N-{2-[4-(2-butanoyloxycyclohexyl)methyl]phenoxy}ethyl carbamate were metabolized by the termite Reticulitermes flavipes and the bacteria Bacillus simplex and Bacillus sp., strain 05 (GenBank EU399813) giving rise to different numbers of metabolites. The trans-isomer of the juvenogen was metabolized by both Bacillus species into its parent synthetic structure, ethyl trans-N-{2-[4-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]phenoxy}ethyl carbamate, while the cis-isomer was metabolized into further products. Both racemic juvenogens were metabolized bytermites, affording mainly the parent juvenoids. In terms of ecotoxicity, the trans-juvenogen shows a significantly lower toxicity than the cis-juvenogen. In contrast, the toxicity of the cis-juvenoid (main degradation product of cis-juvenogen) is higher than the toxicity of trans-juvenoid (main degradation product of trans- juvenogen). The precursors of the two juvenogens cis- and trans-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)cyclohexanol were also tested but exhibited a low toxicity. The results demonstrate that bacteria can metabolize the juvenogen in liquid media culture and have implications for the development of a strategy for bioremediation of soil. Moreover, the products of the biodegradation exhibited low toxicity. Both juvenogens have a high juvenilizing effect, cause low mortality and are stable within a period of two weeks.  相似文献   

Presence of porcine parvovirus in sera from pigs is independent of antibody titers     

Streck AF  Gava D  Souza CK  Gonçalves KR  Bortolozzo FP  Wentz I  Canal CW 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(5-6):242-246

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a widespread DNA virus that causes reproductive failure in swine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of PPV in sera of nursery piglets (healthy n = 191 and wasting n = 132) and regularly vaccinated sows (with different parity rank [PR] n = 129), collected from different herds. Altogether, 452 animals were sampled in 27 herds owned by five companies. All sera were analyzed for the presence of PPV DNA by nested-PCR. The samples from sows were in addition tested for the presence of antibodies by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI). PPV DNA was detected in healthy piglets (15.7%), wasting piglets (18.2%) and sows (17.8%). 25 herds had at least one positive sample and four companies had positive animals. The serology revealed that 84.7% of the sows had detectable antibodies and the fourth PR sows had the highest mean PPV antibody titers. Thirteen sows (19.1%) were found to be positive for DNA detection in the presence of high levels of antibody titers (> 512). This finding indicates that PPV DNA can be detected in different swine production categories irrespective of antibody titers.  相似文献   

New view on the age-specificity of pig Cryptosporidium by species-specific primers for distinguishing Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II     

Jeníková M  Němejc K  Sak B  Květoňová D  Kváč M 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(2-3):120-125

Two species of Cryptosporidium are commonly identified in pigs: Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. is routinely based on molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or gene sequencing. However, most of these methods are hampered by low sensitivity to mixed infections. As a solution of this problem, novel species-specific primers were designed and tested in the present study. Sensitivity of our primers was identical to genus-specific primers, but more (1:48) mixed infections were detected using these species-specific primers on 477 DNA samples originating from naturally infected pigs of different age categories. Our results show differences in age-dependent susceptibility of pigs to the infection. Whereas C. suis was found in all tested categories of pigs (1-12 week of age and sows), Cryptosporidium pig genotype II was recorded only in animals older than 6 week of age. Usage of species-specific primers could help to better the understanding of epidemiology of pig specific Cryptosporidium spp. and its occurrence, which, on the basis of our results, is underestimated.  相似文献   

Seed consumption by millipedes     

S. Koprdová  P. Saska  A. Honěk  Z. Martinková 《Pedobiologia》2011,54(1):31-36

Seed predation is a key mortality factor for plants that reproduce by seeds. We investigated seed consumption by Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood, 1864), an abundant representative of an unrecognised group of seed predators – the millipedes (Diplopoda: Julidae). The consumption of small seed species by millipedes was measured in the absence (41 species) and in the presence (11 species) of alternative food sources (dead leaves). We examined whether millipedes would consume seeds at all and if so whether there were any seed size constraints that determined millipede seed acceptance (i.e., the proportion of millipedes that ate seeds) and seed consumption (i.e., the mass of the seeds eaten). Our results indicated that C. caeruleocinctus readily accepted seeds with 75% of seed species accepted in a no-choice experiment and 100% of seed species in a choice experiment. Seed acceptance decreased with increasing seed mass but increased with increasing millipede mass. Seed consumption increased with the size of the offered seed species but was found to be independent of millipede mass. After the millipedes were given dead leaves to consume, the acceptance slightly decreased, and the consumption of the more preferred seed species decreased. Seeds form a small part of the millipede diet but are consumed regularly. Because of millipedes’ foraging preferences and their patchy distribution they may notably contribute to the local mortality of some seed species in their natural environment.  相似文献   

Use of Lichen and Moss in Assessment of Forest Contamination with Heavy Metals in Praded and Glacensis Euroregions (Poland and Czech Republic)     

Kłos A  Rajfur M  Srámek I  Wacławek M 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,222(1-4):367-376

The concentrations of selected metals—Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb—were determined in the samples of Hypogymnia physodes lichen and Pleurozium schreberi moss collected in Polish and Czech Euroregions Praded and Glacensis. More specifically, the samples were collected in Bory Stobrawskie, Bory Niemodlińskie, and Kotlina K?odzka (Poland) and in Jeseniki (Czech Republic). The concentration of metals in the samples was measured using the atomic absorption spectrometry (flame AAS technique and electrothermal atomization AAS technique). The results were used to calculate the comparison factor (CF) that quantifies the difference in concentration of a given bioavailable analyte × accumulated in lichens and mosses: CF?=?2 (c _x,lichen ? c _x,moss) (c _x,lichen + c _x,moss)^?1. The values of CF greater than 0.62 indicate the most probable location of heavy metals deposited in the considered area. In this work, the method was used to show a significant contribution of urban emissions to the deposition of heavy metals in the area of Bory Stobrawskie and in the vicinity of K?odzko City.  相似文献   

Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon): a critical review of its traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology, and safety     

Obolskiy D  Pischel I  Feistel B  Glotov N  Heinrich M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11367-11384

Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) has a long history of use as a spice and remedy. Two well-described "cultivars" (Russian and French) are used widely and differ in ploidy level, morphology, and chemistry. Key biologically active secondary metabolites are essential oils (0.15-3.1%), coumarins (>1%), flavonoids, and phenolcarbonic acids. In vivo studies mainly in rodents, particularly from Russian sources, highlight potential anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antihyperglycemic effects. Despite concerns about the toxic effects of two of its main constituents, estragole (up to 82%) and methyleugenol (up to 39%), no acute toxicity or mutagenic activity has been reported at doses relevant for human consumption. Water extracts of A. dracunculus contain very low amounts of estragole and methyleugenol and, therefore, are considered to pose a very limited risk. Overall, a stronger focus on clinical studies and precise taxonomic and phytochemical definition of the source material will be essential for future research efforts.  相似文献   

Spatial delineation of organic carbon-rich Colluvial soils in Chernozem regions by Terrain analysis and fuzzy classification     

Tereza Zádorová  Vít Penížek  Luděk Šefrna  Marcela Rohošková  Luboš Borůvka 《CATENA》2011

Colluvial soils are considered to be the direct result of accelerated soil erosion, resulting in accumulation of humus-rich soil material in terrain depressions and base parts of slopes. The organic carbon concentration in these soils and their depth make them an important organic carbon storage. Mapping the Colluvial soils, therefore, represents an important contribution in total carbon stock estimation. A method of delineating Colluvial soils is proposed by applying a combination of high resolution digital elevation model analysis and detailed field survey. Two models based on fuzzy classification of soil units were created using different topographic derivatives as the only input parameters to predict the Colluvial soil area on a morphologically diverse study site in the Southern Moravia, Czech Republic. The model that considers only the derivatives with a strong relationship to Colluvial soil occurrence reached 71% accuracy in Colluvial area delineation, while the model combining six commonly used derivatives showed less favorable results. The main advantage of the method lies in a low demand of input soil data and its relatively high accuracy.  相似文献   

Diversity of S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxide content within a collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its association with the morphological and genetic background assessed by AFLP     

Jaroslava Ovesná  Ladislav Kučera  Jana Horníčková  Leona Svobodová  Helena Stavělíková  Jan Velíšek  Luigi Milella 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

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