Tillage and residue management effects on soil physical properties and rice yield in northwestern Himalayan soils     

R.M. Bhagat  P.K. Sharma  T.S. Verma 《Soil & Tillage Research》1994,29(4)

Field experiments were conducted on a silty clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) during 1988–1990 to study the effect of tillage practices, such as puddling (P), compaction (C) and non-puddled dry tillage (NP) with four rates of lantana (Lantana camara L.) residue incorporation (0(M₀), 10(M₁), 20(M₂) and 30 (M₃) t ha⁻¹), on soil physical properties and yield of rice. Greatest water retention was noticed under PM₃, followed by CM₃ and NPM₃. The soil penetration resistance was lowest for NPM₃, followed by PM₃ and CM₃. Puddled treatments either with or without residue impeded infiltration as compared with C and NP. Puddled treatments either with or without residue had higher soil as well as flood water temperature. Residue addition invariably reduced the ploughing energy required after rice harvest; however, among puddling and compaction treatments, puddling consumed less energy. The rice grain yields under puddled treatments were significantly higher than under C and NP irrespective of residue addition.  相似文献   

Characterization and relative mineral quantification of male gametophytes of garlic chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel)     

Manjunathagowda  Dalasanuru Chandregowda  Benke  Ashwini Prashant  Bhagat  Kiran P.  Mahajan  Vijay  Jayaswall  Kuldip  Singh  Major 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):461-468

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) are an underutilized and neglected food crop of the Allium genus. For the future genetic development of...  相似文献   

Applying the precautionary principle to the issue of impacts by pet cats on urban wildlife     

Michael C. Calver  Jacky Grayson  Maggie Lilith  Christopher R. Dickman 《Biological conservation》2011,(6):1895-1901

Despite evidence that pet cats prey on urban wildlife and may transmit disease, there is uncertainty over whether they cause declines in wildlife populations. The uncertainty fosters disagreement about whether and how pet cats should be managed, and hampers the implementation of regulations. We suggest that the precautionary principle could be used in this context. The principle mandates action to protect the environment when there is a scientifically plausible but unproven risk, and provides a rationale for immediate intervention to protect wildlife from pet cats while we await definitive studies. In applying a 4-step guide for implementing the precautionary principle, we argue that: (i) current data documenting wildlife mortality caused by pet cats satisfy the precautionary trigger of scientifically plausible risk; (ii) the risk of significant declines or local extinctions of threatened wildlife, coupled with uncertainty in establishing population declines in response to pet cats, argue for strong levels of precaution; (iii) precautionary measures that should be considered include, but are not limited to, restrictions on the maximum number of cats allowed/household, mandatory sterilisation and registration of pet cats, curfews, requiring pet cats roaming outdoors to wear collar-mounted predation-deterrents or compulsory confinement of cats to their owners’ premises; and (iv) the principle’s requirement for extensive consultation in implementing precautionary measures should encourage collaborations involving conservation biologists, veterinarians, animal welfare activists, concerned citizens and municipal officers. Adherence to these steps should assist in choosing actions that have broad support and are applicable to unique local circumstances.  相似文献   

Artificial induction of lactation in a freemartin     

S Bhagat 《The Indian veterinary journal》1966,43(3):218-223

  相似文献   

Quantitative Echotexture Analysis for Prediction of Ovulation in Mares     

Jacky Peng-Wen Chan VMDr  Tsung-Hsiang Huang MS  Shih-Te Chuang VMDr  Feng-Pang Cheng PhD  Hang-Poung Fung VMDr  Chao-Ling Chen PhD  Chi-Liang Mao VMDr 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2003,23(9):397-402

The aim of this study was to predict the ovulation in mares by quantitative analysis of the echotextural changes of preovulatory follicular walls. Four mares of breeding age with 32 preovulatory follicles and 11 anovulatory follicles were observed by ultrasonography. The slope of the regression line of the follicular wall and the echogenicity score of granulosa layer (GL) and anechoic layer (AL) were measured from the images on Days -3 (Day 0 = ovulation), -2, and -1, respectively. GL was scored from 1 (anechoic) to 3 (echoic), and prominence of AL was recorded from 1 (gray and thin) to 3 (black and thick). The results indicated that the regression line of the follicular wall for 81.3% (26/32) of preovulatory follicles had the slope value ≥19.0 on Day -1, in which 4 of the 26 preovulatory follicles were ≥19.0 on Day -2 already. Mean slope value on Day -1 (21.9 ± 1.5) was significantly greater (P < .01) than on Day -2 (15.0 ± 1.4) and Day -3 (14.0 ± 1.1). All of the slope values for the 11 anovulatory follicles were <19.0 on any given day. GL and AL scores of preovulatory follicles were significantly greater (P < .01) than in anovulatory follicles on Days -3, -2 and -1; nevertheless, only 28.1% (9/32) of preovulatory follicles scored 3 for both GL and AL simultaneously on Day -1. All anovulatory follicles scored <2 for both GL and AL on Day -1. It was concluded that the slope of the regression line of the follicular wall is useful in predicting preovulatory follicles within 48 hours of ovulation when the value is ≥19.0. Of these follicles (N = 26), 84.6% (22/26) were predicted to ovulate within 24 hours, and 15.4% (4/26) within 24 to 48 hours.

Introduction

Insemination in mares by accurately predicting the time of ovulation may obtain maximum fertility with minimum use of semen, and therefore would definitely be a profitable advantage in the horse farming business. The optimal time for insemination with frozen-thawed semen usually include a shorter interval than if fresh semen or natural breeding is used. To achieve the maximal pregnancy rates with frozen-thawed semen, it is necessary to inseminate mares during a period between 12 hours pre- and 6 hours post-ovulation.[1] Therefore, if the timing of ovulation could be predicted, it would be helpful for the veterinarian to inseminate a mare only once per cycle if performed very close to the time of ovulation. [2] In recent years, many indicators have been reported for predicting impending ovulation in mares, including measurement of electrical resistance of the vaginal mucus, [3] the distinguishable endometrial folding pattern of uterus in estrus, [4] changes in size and shape of the preovulatory follicles, [5, 6 and 7] and the echotexture changes in the preovulatory follicular wall. [8] The latter has been more efficient for predicting the imminence of ovulation; nevertheless, their assessment of criterions was scored subjectively. The hypothesis for this study was based on the published report from Gastal et al in 1998 [8]; they found that 2 echotexture changes of the preovulatory follicle-increasing echogenicity of the granulosa layer and increasing prominence of an anechoic layer beneath the granulosa, were detected in the follicular wall as ovulation approached in mares. Computer-assisted image analysis is an advanced technology for diagnostic ultrasonography to improve the reproductive management of patients. [9, 10 and 11] The purpose of this study is to quantify the echotextural changes in the preovulatory follicular wall as ovulation approaches using computer-assisted image analysis, so that the quantified echotexture changes could serve as an indicator for prediction of ovulation in mares.

Materials and Methods

Animals and Ultrasonography

Four non-lactating and nonpregnant mixed mares between 4 and 14 years of age and weighing between 450 and 550 kg were studied from January to December 2001. The geographic area of the mares in this study was in subtropical Taiwan of the northern hemisphere. All mares were maintained on alfalfa/grass hay and had access to water and mineralized salt. A teaser stallion was introduced to detect the estrus signs of mares about 2 weeks after the end of the last estrus. Follicular changes were monitored with a real-time B-mode linear assay ultrasound scanner, equipped with a 7.5-MHz transrectal probe (Model Scanner 200 Vet, Pie Medical, The Netherlands). Upon detection of a preovulatory follicle, ultrasound examination was performed daily and continued until ovulation. A total of 32 preovulatory follicles and 11 anovulatory follicles were identified from a retrospective determination.Ultrasonographic images were recorded on Hi-8 MP videotape with a Sony DCR-TRV 120 Digital-8 camera. The brightness and contrast controls of the monitor and the time-gain compensation of the scanner were standardized to constant settings throughout the observation period.

Image Analysis

Still images were subsequently captured and saved as TIF files by computer using a digital image analysis program (Image-Pro Express V4.0 for Windows, Media Cybernetics, L.P., USA) with a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels and 256 shades of gray. Echotexture of the regions of interest was defined in terms of pixel intensity ranging from 0 (black) to 255 (white). Three ultrasonographic images of each preovulatory follicle at its distinctly discernible cross section were subsequently selected. To avoid the enhancement of through-transmission, sampling regions were located within the 10 or 2 o'clock position for measurement of pixel values (Fig 1). The pixel values were measured with the “Line Profile” tool, which involved sampling pixel values along a line traversing the follicle wall from the peripheral antrum, GL, AL, to the stroma. A graph of the pixel intensities along the line was produced ( Fig 2). The GL was defined as the highest pixel after which there was a sequential fall in gray-scale values. The pixel values along the curve (P0, P1, P2) were obtained as an average of 9 measurements (3 images per follicle and 3 lines per image) and were used to measure the slope of a regression line of the fall segment ( Fig 2).  相似文献   

Intraventricular tension pneumocephalus as a complication of transfrontal craniectomy: a case report     

Garosi LS  Penderis J  Brearley MJ  Brearley JC  Dennis R  Kirkpatrick PJ 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(3):226-231

OBJECTIVE: To report the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a case of intraventricular tension pneumocephalus in a dog after a transfrontal craniectomy for removal of a falx cerebri meningioma. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMAL: A 12-year-old spayed English springer spaniel. RESULTS: Intraventricular air and a fistula between the craniectomy site and ventricular system were identified by magnetic resonance imaging. Prompt repair of the dural defect using prosthetic dura mater resulted in immediate regression of the neurological signs and cerebral spinal fluid rhinorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging repeated 8 weeks after surgery showed complete resolution of pneumocephalus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of craniectomy that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment.  相似文献   

Initiation of carp spermatozoa motility and early ATP reduction after milt contamination by urine     

Ghislaine Perchec Poupard  Christophe Paxion  Jacky Cosson  Claudette Jeulin  Franoise Fierville  Roland Billard 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1998,160(3-4):317-328

Fish sperm collected by stripping males is frequently contaminated by urine. In this study, carp milt mixed with urine (0.5–7.5% of volume) was studied in order to evaluate the changes of some motility parameters (percentage of motile spermatozoa, velocity and beat frequency) and the ATP content of spermatozoa. In the absence of urine contamination, spermatozoa had an ATP content in the range of 8–9 nmol/10⁸ spermatozoa, an initial velocity of 100–160 μm s⁻¹ and a flagellar beat frequency around 30–50 Hz, 10 s after a 1/2000 dilution in an activating medium (45 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, osmolality <160 mosM kg⁻¹). In contrast, when milt was contaminated with 7.5% of urine for 1 h, the ATP content was 4–5 nmol/10⁸ spermatozoa and most spermatozoa had low initial velocity (30–100 μm s⁻¹) and flagellar beat frequency (10–30 Hz). It appears that the low osmolality of urine was responsible for the degradation in the quality of carp spermatozoa by an early activation in the collecting tube which induced an early reduction of the intracellular ATP store. From a practical point of view, milt contamination by urine during stripping can be avoided by first pressing the abdomen before sampling and then collecting the remaining urine by means of a catheter introduced into the urinary bladder.  相似文献   

Assessing the ability of zebrafish scales to contribute to the short-term homeostatic regulation of [Ca2+] in the extracellular fluid during calcemic challenges     

Hung  Jacky T.  Webb  Sarah E.  Palumbo  Carla  Lesniak  Agnieszka M.  Shipley  Alan M.  Rubinacci  Alessandro  Kunkel  Joseph G.  Miller  Andrew L. 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):943-959

Fisheries Science - The elasmoid scales of fish represent a significant internal reservoir of calcium ions (Ca2+), but little is known about the contribution of these scales to the short-term...  相似文献   

Chemical composition and osmolality of seminal fluid of Acipenser persicus; their physiological relationship with sperm motility   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi  Jacky Cosson  Mahmoud Karami  Hossein Abdolhay  & Bagher Mojazi Amiri 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(13):1238-1243

Determination of semen quality is necessary to understand the basic biochemical processes occurring during motility of sperm and during fertilization to evaluate the reproductive ability of different fish species and to create an optimal environment for storage of spermatozoa; in this regard less information is available for Acipenseridae compared with Cyprinidae and Salmonidae. The aim of the present study is to determine chemical composition and osmolality of seminal fluid and their relationship with sperm motility in Acipenser persicus. The results obtained show that sodium (Na⁺), chloride (Cl^?) and potassium (K⁺) were predominant ions in the seminal plasma and the average of osmolality of seminal plasma was 82.56 mOsm kg^?1. The higher chemical contents and osmolality compared with other sturgeon species reveal species‐specific characteristics and high secretory activity of spermatic duct in A. persicus. Significant positive correlations were observed between osmolality‐Cl^?, Na⁺‐osmolality and Na⁺–Cl^? (P<0.05, P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively). But statistically significant correlation was not observed between seminal plasma parameters and sperm motility. Probably, the Na⁺ and Cl^? are the main electrolytes playing a major role in maintaining the osmolality of the seminal plasma and the viability of the spermatozoa in vivo.  相似文献   

Characteristics of the spatio-temporal network of cattle movements in France over a 5-year period     

Bhagat Lal Dutta  Pauline Ezanno  Elisabeta Vergu 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

A good knowledge of the specificities of the animal trade network is highly valuable to better control pathogen spread on a large regional to transnational scale. Because of their temporal dynamical nature, studying multi-annual datasets is particularly needed to investigate whether structural patterns are stable over the years. In this study, we analysed the French cattle movement network from 2005 to 2009 for different spatial granularities and temporal windows, with the three-fold objective of exploring temporal variations of the main network characteristics, computing proxies for pathogen spread on this network, which accounts for its time-varying properties and identifying specificities related to the main types of animals and farms (dairy versus beef). Network properties did not qualitatively vary among different temporal and spatial granularities. About 40% of the holdings and 80% of the communes were directly interconnected. The width of the aggregation time window barely impacted normalised distributions of indicators. A period of 8–16 weeks would suffice for robust estimation of their main trends, whereas longer periods would provide more details on tails. The dynamic nature of the network could be seen through the small overlap between consecutive networks with 65% of common active nodes for only 3% of common links over 2005–2009. To control pathogen spread on such a network, by reducing the largest strongly connected component by more than 80%, movements should be prevented from 1 to 5% of the holdings with the highest centrality in the previous year network. The analysis of breed-wise and herd-wise subnetworks, dairy, beef and mixed, reveals similar trends in temporal variation of average indicators and their distributions. The link-based backbones of beef subnetworks seem to be more stable over time than those of other subnetworks. At a regional scale, node reachability accounting for time-respecting paths, as proxy of epidemic burden, is greater for a dairy region than for a beef region. This highlights the importance of considering local specificities and temporal dynamics of animal trade networks when evaluating control measures of pathogen spread.  相似文献