Steam explosion pretreatment used to remove hemicellulose to enhance the production of a eucalyptus organosolv dissolving pulp     

Daniela?Correia?MartinoEmail author  Jorge?Luiz?Colodette  Richard?Chandra  Jack?Saddler 《Wood Science and Technology》2017,51(3):557-569

The steam explosion (SE) pretreatment associated with the organosolv process was investigated to produce dissolving pulp from eucalyptus. Prehydrolysis Kraft (PHK) pulping was also done to produce viscose and acetate grade pulps as reference. The organosolv pulps were delignified in two steps with sodium chlorite. Viscose and acetate grade PHK pulps were bleached by OD₀(EH)D₁P and OD₀(EP)D₁PCCE sequences, respectively. Dilute acid-catalyzed (with acid addition) SE pretreatment dissolved more xylan than auto-catalyzed (no acid addition) SE pretreatment. Steam-exploded unbleached organosolv pulps showed lower residual lignin content and screened yield than unbleached organosolv pulps without SE pretreatment. Steam explosion pretreatment helped to decrease lignin content and damaged fiber length of unbleached organosolv pulps. The 1.0% H₂SO₄ organosolv pulp (organosolv dissolving pulp at bioconversion conditions) showed the highest reactivity. Even showing low viscosity for some applications, in general, the organosolv dissolving pulps produced in this study can be used for making lyocell fibers.  相似文献   

Powdery mildew on Rudbeckia hirta in India     

P. Baiswar  S. Chandra  R. Kumar  S. V. Ngachan 《Plant pathology》2010,59(2):408-408

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Identification of insect-damaged wheat kernels using short-wave near-infrared hyperspectral and digital colour imaging   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chandra B. Singh  Jitendra Paliwal 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,73(2):118-281

Healthy wheat kernels and wheat kernels damaged by the feeding of the insects: rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), rusty grain beetle (Cryptolestes ferrugineus), and red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) were scanned using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspecrtal imaging system (700-1100 nm wavelength range) and a colour imaging system. Dimensionality of hyperspectral data was reduced and statistical and histogram features were extracted from NIR images of significant wavelengths and given as input to three statistical discriminant classifiers (linear, quadratic, and Mahalanobis) and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) classifier. A total of 230 features (colour, textural, and morphological) were extracted from the colour images and the most contributing features were selected and used as input to the statistical and BPNN classifiers. The quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier gave the highest accuracy and correctly identified 96.4% healthy and 91.0-100.0% insect-damaged wheat kernels using the top 10 features from 230 colour image features combined with hyperspectral image features.  相似文献   

Management of Tibial Fractures Using a Circular External Fixator in Two Calves     

Hari Prasad Aithal MVSc  PhD  Prakash Kinjavdekar MVSc  PhD  Abhijit Motiram Pawde MVSc  PhD  Gaj Raj Singh MVSc  PhD  Harish Chandra Setia MSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):621-626

Objectives: To report the repair of tibial diaphyseal fractures in 2 calves using a circular external skeletal fixator (CEF). Study Design: Clinical report. Animals: Crossbred calves (n=2; age: 6 months; weight: 55 and 60 kg). Methods: Mid‐diaphyseal tibial fractures were repaired by the use of a 4‐ring CEF (made of aluminum rings with 2 mm K‐wires) alone in 1 calf and in combination with hemicerclage wiring in 1 calf. Results: Both calves had good weight bearing with moderate lameness postoperatively. Fracture healing occurred by day 60 in 1 calf and by day 30 in calf 2. The CEF was well maintained and tolerated by both calves through fracture healing. Joint mobility and limb usage improved gradually after CEF removal. Conclusions: CEF provided a stable fixation of tibial fractures and healing within 60 days and functional recovery within 90 days. Clinical Relevance: CEF can be safely and successfully used for the management of selected tibial fractures in calves.  相似文献   

Effect of different biofloc system on water quality,biofloc composition and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)          下载免费PDF全文

Muthusamy Rajkumar  Pramod Kumar Pandey  Radhakrishnapillai Aravind  Alagarsamy Vennila  Vivekanand Bharti  Chandra Sekharan Purushothaman 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3432-3444

The experiment was conducted with three biofloc treatments and one control in triplicate in 500 L capacity indoor tanks. Biofloc tanks, filled with 350 L of water, were fed with sugarcane molasses (BFT_S), tapioca flour (BFT_T), wheat flour (BFT_W) and clean water as control without biofloc and allowed to stand for 30 days. The postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) with an Average body weight of 0.15 ± 0.02 g were stocked at the rate of 130 PL m^?2 and cultured for a period of 60 days fed with pelleted feed at the rate of 1.5% of biomass. The total suspended solids (TSS) level was maintained at around 500 mg L^?1 in BFT tanks. The addition of carbohydrate significantly reduced the total ammonia‐N (TAN), nitrite‐N and nitrate‐N in water and it significantly increased the total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) population in the biofloc treatments. There was a significant difference in the final average body weight (8.49 ± 0.09 g) in the wheat flour treatment (BFT_W) than those treatment and control group of the shrimp. Survival of the shrimps was not affected by the treatments and ranged between 82.02% and 90.3%. The proximate and chemical composition of biofloc and proximate composition of the shrimp was significantly different between the biofloc treatments and control. Tintinids, ciliates, copepods, cyanobacteria and nematodes were identified in all the biofloc treatments, nematodes being the most dominant group of organisms in the biofloc. It could be concluded that the use of wheat flour (BFT_W) effectively enhanced the biofloc production and contributed towards better water quality which resulted in higher production of shrimp.  相似文献   

Recommendations for the Use of Herbicides     

D. J. Chandra Singh  K. Narayana Rao 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):231-232

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Termites in Buildings. Their Biology and Control. R. Edwards and A. Mill. Rentokil Library, 1987, ISBN 0906 5640 69 £24–50.

Pesticide Science and Biotechnology. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry. Ottawa, Canada, 10–15 August 1986. Edited by R. Greenhalgh and T. R. Roberts. IUPAC/Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987 (602 pp + xiii).

Breeding for Resistance to Diseases and Insect Pests. By D. P. Singh. 222 pp + xi. ISBN 0 387 16970 9. Springer Verlag. 1986. Price $7900.

Pest Control Safe for Bees: A Manual and Directory for the Tropics and Subtropics. By M. Adey, P. Walker and P. T. Walker, 1986. International Bee Research Association, London. Price £12–20.

The Cocoa Pod Borer: An Introduction and Abstracts. Compiled by Lim Guan Soon et al. Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Box 12351 Kuala Lumpur. 1987. 103 pp. ISBN 967–9942–07–4.

Pentachlorophenol. Environmental Health Criteria, No. 71, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1987. 236 pages, ISBN 92 4 154271 3. Price: Sw.fr. 18—/US$1080.

Ecology and Control of Perennial Weeds in Latin America. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. 1986, 339 pp. ISBN 92–5–102446–4.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Leaf hoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance. Edited by M. R. Wilson and L. R. Nault. CAB International Institute of Entomology. 1987. 368 pp. ISBN 0–900301–03–1.

Breeding for Durable Resistance in Perennial Crops. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 70 (1986). 130 pp.

Ascochyta Blight Resistance in Chickpea. Proceedings of a training course, PARC/ICARDA, 3–10 March, 1984, Islamabad, Pakistan. ICARDA, 1986, 123 pp.  相似文献   

A PCR-based assessment of genetic diversity,and parentage analysis among commercial mango cultivars and hybrids     

Anuj P. Srivastava  Ramesh Chandra  Sangeeta Saxena  Shailendra Rajan  Shirish A. Ranade 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):951-959

Summary

Three different PCR methods [Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), and Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD)] were used to analyse genetic diversity and parentage among 20 mango cultivars, including 18 landraces and two hybrids (‘Amrapali’ and ‘Mallika’). These hybrids together with a third hybrid (‘Ratna’), and an out-group species (Mangifera sylvatica) were also analysed for parentage. Fifteen, seven and four primers were used to amplify a total of 158, 69 and 59 distinct DNA fragments by RAPD, ISSR and DAMD, respectively. Of these, approx. 85%, 64% and 90% were polymorphic, respectively. Genetic distances between pairs of mango cultivars were measured separately by each method and depicted graphically as a Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree. The three methods revealed different groupings of cultivars and hybrids. A NJ tree based on the cumulative data from all methods correlated well with the parentage of the mango hybrids, and the grouping of cultivars on a regional basis. Genetic markers likely to be associated with important agronomic traits were identified by further analysing the hybrids, with their respective parents, using all three methods. On the basis of the highest number of polymorphic bands observed (90%), DAMD was judged to be the best method with which to analyse mango germplasm.  相似文献   

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Powder: Novel Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution     

M. Zobayer Bin Mukhlish  Maksudur Rahman Khan  Mithun Chandra Bhoumick  Sumona Paul 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):4949-4958

Batch sorption experiments were carried out to investigate the potentiality of papaya leaf powder (PLP) for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dose, initial solution concentration, contact time, and solution pH were also studied. The amount of dye adsorbed was found to increase with increase in initial dye concentrations. Papaya leaf adsorbs MB better in basic medium. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well in the Langmuir isotherm equation with a monolayer sorption capacity of 512.55?mg?g^?1. The kinetics of MB adsorption onto papaya leaf was examined using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order and unified approach kinetic models. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model, but the rate constant was found to depend on initial dye concentration. The unified approach model described the equilibrium and kinetics well. The forward and backward rate constants were determined from the unified approach model.  相似文献   

Enzymatic discoloration and phenolic content of potato tubers from cultivars resistant and susceptible to the golden nematode     

Nell I. Mondy  Subhash Chandra  William D. Evans 《American Journal of Potato Research》1985,62(5):207-213

Phenolic content and discoloration were determined for 13 commercial potato cultivars and 6 potato clones grown at 2 locations over a period of 5 successive years. Tubers from 6 potato cultivars and 5 potato clones resistant to the golden nematode were compared with tubers from 7 potato cultivars and 1 clone known to be susceptible to the golden nematode. Tubers from resistant plants were lower in phenols and discolored less than tubers from susceptible plants.  相似文献   

Quality of potato tubers as affected by freezing: II. lipids and minerals     

N. I. Mondy  Subhash Chandra 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(3):125-132

The effect of freezing on the chemical composition of Katahdin and Atlantic potatoes was studied. Tubers were exposed to a temperature of ?20°C for 24 hrs., then thawed for 1 hr. at 20°C prior to analysis. Frozenthawed tubers were compared with unfrozen controls for total lipid, phospholipid, fatty acid and mineral content. Following freezing, a significant (p<.01) decrease was observed in crude lipid and phospholipid content of both cortex and pith sections. Generally, an increase in palmitic acid and a decrease in linolenic acid occurred in the phospholipid fractions of both varieties. A decrease in both macro and micro mineral content also occurred following freezing.  相似文献