Application of real-time PCR for detection of Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in fecal samples from pigs     

Zmudzki J  Szczotka A  Podgórska K  Nowak A  Grzesiak A  Dors A  Pejsak Z 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2012,15(2):267-273

The aim of the study was to develop and validate real-time PCR method for the quantification of Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in porcine feces. Before the optimization process was performed two different extraction methods were compared to select the more efficient one. Based on the results achieved at this stage the boiling procedure was rejected and a commercially available silica-membrane based method was chosen for further analysis. The primers and the Taqman probe for B. hyodysenteriae and L. intracellularis were based on the sequence of NADH oxidase gene and 16S rDNA gene, respectively. The detection limit of the real-time PCR for suspension of feces inoculated with B. hyodysenteriae and L. intracellularis was determined to be 1.5x10(3) CFU/ml and 6.5x10(1) CFU/ml, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that our real-time PCR is able to detect low number of B. hyodysenteriae and L. intracellularis cells which is satisfying in routine diagnosis of swine dysentery and proliferative enteropathy. Therefore, it is possible to identify both subclinically infected pigs and those representing an acute form of mentioned diseases. In summary, the quantitative real-time PCR is useful for routine diagnosis of L. intracellularis and B. hyodysenteriae. Compared to conventional PCR, the new validated quantification method based on real-time PCR is fast and with reduced risk of laboratory contamination. The novel technique is specific and even more sensitive than the previously used one. Furthermore, the new real-time PCR enables quick detection and quantification of both pathogens in fecal samples, which helps to estimate the health status of a pig herd.  相似文献   

Effective Management of Invasive Plants     

Nora Devoe  Bob Nowak  Scott Florence 《Herpetological Monographs》2009,31(3):21-24

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Degradation of the herbicides clomazone, paraquat, and glyphosate by thermally activated peroxydisulfate   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Diaz Kirmser EM  Mártire DO  Gonzalez MC  Rosso JA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(24):12858-12862

Activated sodium peroxydisulfate has the potential to in situ destruct many organic contaminants because of the generation of the stronger oxidant sulfate radical. From photochemical activation of peroxydisulfate in flash-photolysis experiments, the bimolecular rate constants for the reaction of sulfate radical with glyphosate (1.6 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) and paraquat (1.2 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) at 25 °C were obtained. Thermal activation of peroxydisulfate was shown to degrade the herbicides clomazone, paraquat, and glyphosate. Although the herbicide degradation was observed to take place in less than 1 h, the mineralization of the organic carbon required longer reaction times, because of the formation of stable organic intermediates. For similar initial total organic carbon (TOC) values, TOC profiles were similar for experiments with different substrates (the herbicides, humic acids, and a mixture of glyphosate and humic acids), which indicates that the mineralization of all of the samples is limited by the production of SO(4)(?)?(-) radicals. A linear correlation between the initial amount of SO(4)(?)?(-) needed per mole of C and the average oxidation state was found.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a questionnaire regarding nonphysical aspects of quality of life in sick and healthy dogs     

Wojciechowska JI  Hewson CJ  Stryhn H  Guy NC  Patronek GJ  Timmons V 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(8):1461-1467

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a questionnaire regarding the nonphysical aspects of quality of life (QOL) to differentiate sick and healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 120 dogs. PROCEDURE: The questionnaire was administered by telephone to owners of 120 dogs with appointments at a veterinary teaching hospital. A QOL score was calculated for each dog on the basis of questions relevant to the dog during the 7 days before the interview. Scores were recorded as bar graphs, and linear regression was used to examine the effect of health status and other variables on QOL score. Certain questions were eliminated post hoc, on the basis of defined criteria, and the analyses were repeated. RESULTS: Scores were similar for sick (range, 670% to 93.8%) and healthy (range, 68.0% to 89.8%) dogs. Environment (suburban vs rural) and duration of ownership were significant explanatory variables and accounted for 10.5% of the variation in the QOL score. Eleven questions were eliminated post hoc. The scores derived from the 2 versions of the questionnaire were highly correlated (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There was no evidence that the QOL questionnaire could differentiate healthy dogs from sick dogs; environmental and owner factors appeared to be more important.  相似文献   

Tree mortality rates and tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA     

David J. Nowak  Miki Kuroda  Daniel E. Crane 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2004,2(3):139-147

Based on re-measurements (1999 and 2001) of randomly-distributed permanent plots within the city boundaries of Baltimore, Maryland, trees are estimated to have an annual mortality rate of 6.6% with an overall annual net change in the number of live trees of –4.2%. Tree mortality rates were significantly different based on tree size, condition, species, and land use. Morus alba, Ailanthus altissima, and trees in small diameter classes, poor condition, or in transportation or commercial – industrial land uses exhibited relatively high mortality rates. Trees in medium- to low-density residential areas exhibited low mortality rates. The high mortality rate for A. altissima is an artifact of this species distribution among land use types (24% were in the transportation land use). Based on a new tree population projection model that incorporates Baltimore's existing tree population and annual mortality estimates, along with estimates of annual tree growth, Baltimore's urban forest is projected to decline in both number of trees and canopy area over the next century. Factors affecting urban tree mortality are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparative Morphology of the Arterial Circle of the Brain in Some Species of Mammals     

J. Kuchinka    E. Nowak    A. Szczurkowski    T. Kuder 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):28-28

Investigations were performed on 10 adult individuals of chinchilla ( Chinchilla laniger ), midday gerbil ( Gerbillus gerbillus ), rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ), guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus ) and Egyptian spiny mouse ( Acomys cahirinus ). The animals were killed with ether anaesthesia and injected with coloured acryl latex through the abdominal aorta or left heart ventricle. The heads of the animals were fixed in formalin and after decalcification in 5% HNO₃, injected arteries of the base of the brain were exposed. The different types of arterial circle of the brain in investigated species were observed. The open type with morphological asymmetry in the anterior part was found in chinchilla. It depended on an unusually strongly developed anterior cerebral artery at the right side. In the midday gerbil the most common form was the closed type of investigated circle, with a lack of typical communicating artery posterior. The morphological asymmetry of the anterior part of the circle without fully developed anterior cerebral artery was found in the rabbit. Typical, the closed type of investigated structure with little individual variability was observed in guinea pig. The most individual variability connected with anterior and posterior part of the Willi's circle was found in the Egyptian spiny mouse where it was difficult to describe the typical arterial circle of the base of the brain.  相似文献   

Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

David J. Nowak  Daniel E. Crane  Jack C. Stevens 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2006,4(3-4):115-123

A modeling study using hourly meteorological and pollution concentration data from across the coterminous United States demonstrates that urban trees remove large amounts of air pollution that consequently improve urban air quality. Pollution removal (O₃, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO) varied among cities with total annual air pollution removal by US urban trees estimated at 711,000 metric tons ($3.8 billion value). Pollution removal is only one of various ways that urban trees affect air quality. Integrated studies of tree effects on air pollution reveal that management of urban tree canopy cover could be a viable strategy to improve air quality and help meet clean air standards.  相似文献   

Fire threatens galapagos tortoises     

Nowak R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5159):651

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Expression and localisation of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7 and -10 proteins in the normal canine mammary gland     

Jakab C  Halász J  Szász AM  Batmunkh E  Kiss A  Schaff Z  Rusvai M  Gálfi P  Kulka J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(3):341-352

The recently identified claudins are dominant components of tight junctions, responsible for cell adhesion, polarity and paracellular permeability. Certain claudins have been shown to have relevance in tumour development. The aim of the present study was to analyse the expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7 and -10 in normal canine mammary glands. Samples from the inguinal mammary regions of 20 non-castrated, 1-13 years old female dogs were studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on conventional specimens and tissue microarrays. The results of the immunohistochemical reactions detecting claudins in tissue sections were photodocumented. The immunoreactivity of claudins was quantitatively analysed on digital images using Leica QWin morphometry software. Intense membranous immunolabelling was found for claudin-1, -3 and -7, intense membranous with non-granular cytoplasmic immunolabelling for claudin-2, moderate membranous immunolabelling for claudin-4 and -5, and weak membranous immunolabelling for claudin-10. The occurrence of tight junctions was confirmed by ultrathin section electron microscopy. The available data suggested that claudins might be proteins preserved throughout the evolution of mammals. The results of our study support the concept that they are indeed preserved, since the same type of claudins, in identical distribution, could be detected in our canine mammary tissue samples as could be found in human mammary tissue.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical detection of anterior gradient-2 in the gills of amoebic gill disease-affected Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L     

Morrison RN  Nowak BF 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(9):699-705

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