Effect of extenders on sperm cryopreservation of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)     

B Urbányi  Á Horváth  Z Varga  & L Horváth  I Magyary  F Radics 《Aquaculture Research》1999,30(2):145-151

The effect of extenders was studied on the cryopreservation of sperm from African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). The following six basic extenders were tested: fructose, glucose, sucrose, NaCl, KCl solutions and the artificial seminal plasma of the African catfish. Each of these extenders was tested both with and without buffer systems (i.e. NaHCO₃-CO₂ and Tris-HCl) by using 10% dimethyl-sulphoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant. The two-step freezing was carried out in a programmable freezer by using the following freezing rates: (1) 4 °C min^–1 between 3 and –4 °C; (2) and 11 °C min^–1 between –4 and –80 °C. The best post-thaw motility (25%) was achieved with 333 mmol L^–1 fructose solution and NaHCO₃ buffer. The fertilization experiments were carried out with unbuffered fructose and glucose extenders using various amounts of sperm and two fertilization methods: (1) dry and (2) wet. The best fertilization rates were achieved with 75 μL of sperm and wet fertilization with glucose extender, or 100 μL of sperm and dry fertilization in case of fructose – both methods fertilized 96% of all eggs.  相似文献   

Wild potato collecting expedition in Southern Peru (Departments of Apurímac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua Puno, Tacna in 1998: Taxonomy and new genetic resources     

David M. Spooner  Alberto Salas López  Zósimo Huamán  Robert J. Hijmans 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(3):103-119

Peru has 103 taxa of wild potatoes (species, subspecies, varieties, and forms) according to Hawkes (1990; modified by us by a reduction of species in theSolanum brevicaule complex) and including taxa described by C. Ochoa since 1989. Sixty-nine of these 103 taxa (67% ) were unavailable from any of the world’s genebanks and 85 of them (83%) had less than three germplasm accessions. We conducted a collaborative Peru (INIA), United States (NRSP-6), and International Potato Center (CIP) wild potato (Solanum sect.Petota) collecting expedition in Peru to collect germplasm and gather taxonomic data. This is the first of a series of planned expeditions from 1998–2002. We collected from February 18 to April 18, 1998, in the southern departments of Apurímac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua, Puno, and Tacna. We made 57 germplasm collections, including 14 taxa that are the first available as germplasm for any country (Solanum aymaraesense, S. chillonanum, S. incasicum, S. megistacrolobum subsp.megistacrolobum f. purpureum, S. longiusculus, S. multiflorum,S. pillahuatense, S. sawyeri, S. sandemanii, S. tacnaense, S. tarapatanum, S. urubambae, S. velardei, S. villuspetalum), and two additional taxa that are the first available for Peru but with germplasm from Bolivia (S. megistacrolobum subsp.toralapanum, S. yungasense). Collections also were made for the rare taxaS. acroscopicum, S. buesii, S. limbaniense, andS. santolallae. Our collections suggest the following minimum synonymy may be needed for Peruvian potatoes:S. sawyeri as a synonym ofS. tuberosum;S. hawkesii andS. incasicum as synonyms ofS. raphanifolium;S. multiflorum andS. villuspetalum as synonyms ofS. urubambae.  相似文献   

Evaluation in Rabbits of the Fetal Effects of Maternal Ingestion of Solanum malacoxylon     

Górniak  S.L.  Dagli  M.L.Z.  Maiorka  P.C.  Raspantini  P.C.  Jericó  M.M. 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(5):307-316

A study was performed to determine the possible toxic effects on the young of does that had been fed during the gestational period on a ration containing Solanum malacoxylon (Sm), a calcinogenic plant that contains a vitamin D₃-glycoside conjugate. Experimental animals received a ration containing 0.03% or 0.04% of Sm leaves on days 6 to 30 of gestation. The levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in their sera, as well as their feed intake and body weight, were evaluated weekly. The does were euthanized 3 days after parturition and paraffin sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were prepared from their heart, lungs, kidneys and aorta for histopathological examination. The young from does in the Sm 0.03% group were euthanized 3 days after birth and biochemical and histopathological determinations were performed, as described for the does. The does in both experimental groups showed decreased feed consumption and those in the Sm 0.04% group showed lower body weights throughout their gestation. Animals treated with Sm 0.04% presented a high incidence of abortion and stillbirth. There were biochemical and histopathological alterations in both experimental groups, which were more prominent in the does in the Sm 0.04% group. Litters from does treated with Sm 0.03% showed mineralization of soft tissue and an increase in phosphorus and calcium levels. These findings indicate that the vitamin D₃-glycoside passes through the placental barrier to the fetus.  相似文献   

Effects of cimetidine on broiler fattening and on stress-induced gizzard erosion in chicken.     

Z Grabarevi?  P Dzaja  J Peri?  V Serman  Z Bidin  H Mazija  N Mas  Z Mikulec  K Culjak  Z Simec  B Njari 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1999,47(2):233-241

The work describes the effects of cimetidine on stress-induced gizzard erosions (Experiment A) and the influence of the long-term application (42 days) of the same drug on weight gain and feed consumption during broiler fattening (Experiment B). For Experiment A, 60 male, three-day-old chicks were divided into two groups: C (n = 30)--control chicks treated with 0.5 ml saline; CIM (n = 30)--chicks treated with cimetidine in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (b. w.) intragastrically. All chicks were stressed using a modified water-immersion stress method according to which the chicks, after 24 h of feed deprivation, were immersed in tap water (17 degrees C) for a few seconds. Under chloroform anaesthesia ten chicks from each group were killed 1, 2 and 3 h after the stressing. The morphometric analysis of gizzard erosion (GE) and histopathological examinations of gizzards were performed for each chick. In Experiment B, 32 one-day-old broilers of both sexes were used. The control group was untreated (n = 16) while the CIM group (n = 16) was fed the same diet supplemented with 10 mg of cimetidine per kilogram of feed throughout the fattening period (42 days). The results of Experiment A showed decreased mean length of the GE in the cimetidine-treated birds as compared with the GE lesions of the controls. In Experiment B, the treated chicks had reduced liveweight (1835.1 g), carcass weight (1474.6 g) and increased feed consumption (2115 g of feed per kilogram of weight gain) compared to the controls in which the same parameters were 1898.5 g, 1574.2 g and 1797 g, respectively. The results show that while stress-induced GE of chicks can be medicated pharmacologically, long-term application of the same substance impairs the results of fattening.  相似文献   

Diagnostic radiology of pet and wild birds: a review. I. Radiographic techniques and radiographs of healthy birds.     

A Beregi  V Molnár  F Felkai  F Bíró  Z Szentgáli 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1999,47(3):291-302

By the radiographic examination of pet and wild birds, veterinary clinicians may relatively easily obtain additional information that can be used routinely in their everyday diagnostic and therapeutic work. The first part of the present review summarizes the basic technical conditions of radiological examinations, analyses the radiographic features of healthy birds, and describes the procedure and radiological indications of contrast radiography.  相似文献   

Study of the soil-plant (carrot)-animal cycle of nutritive and hazardous minerals in a rabbit model.     

A Bersényi  S Fekete  I Hullár  I Kádár  M Szilágyi  R Glávits  M Kulcsár  M Mézes  L Z?ldág 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1999,47(2):181-190

Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.  相似文献   

Rapid communication: three unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms of EcoRI, PvuII, and ScaI digested mitochondrial DNA of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus ferus) in China.     

H Jianlin  Q Jiexia  M Zhenming  Z Yaping  W Wen 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(8):2315-2316

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生物气候方法水分平衡函数式的应用--南斯拉夫伏霍基拉省作物需水量的确定     

贝吉  邵耀坚  王拉赫曼 《华南农业大学学报》1999,(2)

为了克服确定作物需水量所遇到的困难,该文介绍一种简单、可靠、易掌握、实用的生物气候测定方法.该方法根据被测地的土壤、气候和作物参数,得到玉米在生长季节的光水热系数平均值为0.15 mm/℃.该方法应用于南斯拉夫伏霍基拉省取得成功.由于光水热系数是由各地的特殊条件确定的,只要确定了该系数,该方法可在任何地方应用.灌溉时间和灌溉强度以及干旱的发生都可由该方法确定.玉米生长期的需水量为467 mm.  相似文献   

Influence of the Color,Shape, and Size of the Clay Model on Arthropod Interactions in Turfgrass     

Fawad Z A Khan  Shimat V Joseph 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(5)

Many predatory arthropods occur naturally in turfgrass, and they provide adequate control of lepidopteran pests, such as fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Recording predation is challenging under field conditions because predators rarely leave any evidence. Clay models were successfully employed for studying predation, and this technique is underutilized in turfgrass. Little is known about whether the characteristics of clay models, such as color, shape, and size, influence arthropod interactions in turfgrass. To improve the utility of clay models in turfgrass, the influence of the color, shape, and size of clay models on arthropod interactions was studied by exposing clay models during daytime and nighttime in a turfgrass field. The results showed that arthropods interacted with clay models, and various types of impressions were recorded, including paired marks, scratches, cuts, and pricks. Although the color of the clay model had no significant effects on arthropod interactions during the night, significantly greater numbers of impressions were noticed on the blue and green models than on the yellow models during the daytime. The caterpillar-shaped models captured significantly greater densities of impressions than the beetle-shaped models. Additionally, the number of impressions significantly increased with an increase in the size of the model regardless of shape.  相似文献   

In vitro effect of levamisole on the cell viability,phagocytosis and respiratory burst of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus) macrophages     

G.‐F. LI  L‐B. LIU  Y‐L. TAN  L‐Z. LIU  H‐Z. DENG  H. WAN  W‐Z. ZHONG  S‐J. CHEN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e263-e270

The present study was to determine in vitro effect of levamisole on the immune functions of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), head–kidney‐derived (HKM), spleen‐derived (SM) and peripheral blood monocyte‐derived macrophage (PBM). Macrophages were incubated with levamisole 10³, 10¹, 10⁻¹ and 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹ to assay the cell viability, respiratory burst and phagocytosis. The results showed that macrophages treated with levamisole 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹ gave a maximum respiratory burst response, whereas levamisole 10³ ng mL⁻¹ had no effect. Phagocytosis activity of the macrophages treated with levamisole enhanced significantly when compared to control, maximum response being at 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹. While using the methylthiazoletetrazolium method to measure the cell activity for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h, there was no significant role on proliferation and the cell viability began to decline after 24 h. In conclusion, levamisole is a potent enhancer of Barbel chub macrophage activity with low concentration.  相似文献