Regenerative trait and cold hardiness in highly productive cultivars of alfalfa and red clover     

Jerzy Nowak  Sherry L. Matheson  Nancy L. McLean  Peter Havard 《Euphytica》1992,59(2-3):189-196

Summary In earlier work on improvement of persistance in forage legumes, we selected genotypes from highly productive cultivars of alfalfa, Algonquin and Apica (Euphytica 45: 105–112, 1990) and cv. Florex red clover (Plant Cell Reports 8: 395–398, 1989) capable of in vitro regeneration from callus and cell culture. The alfalfa germplasm and its F₁ progeny as well as an F₂ red clover population were tested for cold stress tolerance. Plantlets were hardened in culture tubes at 2 or 5°C, 8h photoperiod, for at least four weeks and then subjected to freezing temperatures, –16 or –10°C for alfalfa and red clover, respectively. Survival of regenerative genotypes was significantly higher than of the non-regenerative ones in both species. A strong oositive correlation (r=0.78) between the regenerative trait and plant survival was found in alfalfa. The experiments indicate that in vitro selection for regenerative trait may improve cold stress tolerance of alfalfa and red clover.  相似文献   

Simplified AFLP procedure as a tool for identification of strawberry cultivars and advanced breeding lines   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Mirosław Tyrka  Piotr Dziadczyk  Jerzy A. Hortyński 《Euphytica》2002,125(2):273-280

DNA polymorphisms among 6 cultivars of Fragaria × ananassa (Duch.) and 13salinity tolerant clones were evaluated using simplified – PstI based Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism procedure(^PstIAFLP). Out of 129 amplification products obtained with 10 selective primers, 116 markers were polymorphic and could be used to distinguish all analyzed materials. Coordinate and cluster analyses revealed 2 main groups of clones and divided strawberry cultivars (CUL) and tested F₁ hybrids of ‘Sweet Heart’(HYB). Mean genetic similarities in groups of cultivars and selected breeding lines (SEL) were significantly higher (0.722 and0.706, respectively, p < 0.05) than in group of SH hybrids (0.485). Results suggest that ^PstIAFLP method is sufficient for effective identification and useful for assessing the level of genetic diversity in strawberry cultivars and breeding lines. The presented method can bean alternative multilocus marker system to widespread RAPD method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Evaluation of susceptibility of auto- and alloplasmic barley DH lines to Fusarium seedling blight     

Tadeusz Adamski  Jerzy Chełkowski  Zygmunt Kaczmarek  Maria Surma  Halina Wiśniewska 《Euphytica》1997,93(2):169-172

Auto- and alloplasmic doubled haploid (DH) lines of barley were examined for susceptibility to Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. (isolate KF350) seedling blight. Inoculated kernels were incubated at 20 °C in a chamber saturated to 100% RH a with 12/12 h dark/light cycle. Germination capacity, disease score on a 5-degree scale and root length were evaluated. The data were analysed statistically using three-factor analysis of variance. It was observed that the infection score of roots of DH lines with H. bulbosum cytoplasm was higher than that of their autoplasmic analogues. Length of infected seedling roots expressed as per cent of the control root length ranged from 81 to 56% in autoplasmic DH lines and from 60 to 48% in alloplasmic lines. These differences were statistically significant (at P = 0.01). It was evident, that H. bulbosum cytoplasm increase susceptibility of barley genotypes to Fusarium seedling blight.  相似文献   

An Eulerian model for atmospheric transport of heavy metals over Europe: Model description and preliminary results     

Jerzy Bartnicki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,75(3-4):227-263

This paper presents the Heavy Metals Eulerian Transport (HMET) model and simulation results for Europe for 1985. The HMET model takes into account emission, atmospheric transport and deposition of As, Cd, Pb and Zn computed on the EMEP grid system. Meteorological inputs consist of the velocity field at 925 hPa, precipitation and mixing height. Velocity field and precipitation are updated every 6 hr during the model run. New values of mixing height are available every 24 hr. The dry deposition velocities for each metal are variable in space and depend on the particle distribution function for each particular metal. Wet deposition is proportional to the precipitation intensity for the previous 6 hr and a constant scavenging ratio. Model equations are solved by means of the positive definite pseudospectral method which provides accurate numerical solutions for the advection problem. Comparison of the model results with available observations for 1985 indicate a good agreement for Cd and Pb, sufficient egreement for As and serious underestimation for Zn. Since the number of available observations for heavy metals in Europe in 1985 is relatively small, the model results presented in this paper should be considered as preliminary. However, the HMET model performance in computing these results shows that it can be easily and efficiently used as an operational tool and is especially useful for estimating transboundary transport of heavy metals in Europe.  相似文献   

Exchangeable and Bioavailable Aluminium in the Mountain Forest Soil of Barania G��ra Range (Silesian Beskids, Poland)     

Zołotajkin M  Ciba J  Kluczka J  Skwira M  Smoliński A 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):571-580

The research was carried out in the spruce forests of Barania Góra (Silesian Beskids, Poland) affected by pandemic dying of trees. Twenty-seven samples were collected from the O layer in two plots: 17 in a cut down forest infested with insect pests (bark beetle) and ten in a 120-year-old healthy forest. The analyses covered basic parameters (pH(H2O), pH(KCl), w(org), C(tot), N(tot), CEC) and the concentrations of aluminium in the fractions leached with 0.1?M BaCl(2) (Al(exch)), 0.5?M CuCl(2) and 0.1?M Na(4)P(2)O(7) (Al(bio)) solutions. The total aluminium concentration in the soil was assayed digesting samples with hydrofluoric acid. The effect of pH and organic matter content on the amount of exchangeable (Al(exch)) and bioavailable (Al(exch)) aluminium in the soil was analysed. It has been found that the soils in both plots are strongly acidic and contain 550 to 1,700?mg?kg(-1) of exchangeable aluminium and 1,200 to 4,800?mg?kg(-1) of bioavailable aluminium. The lack of disease symptoms in the spruce trees in plot 2 can be explained by the higher content of organic matter in the soil. Unfortunately, one might expect that the high concentration of exchangeable aluminium will also cause the trees in the area to wither.  相似文献   

Analysis of the factors creating consumer attributes of roasted beef steaks          下载免费PDF全文

Dominika Guzek  Dominika Głąbska  Krystyna Gutkowska  Jerzy Wierzbicki  Alicja Woźniak  Agnieszka Wierzbicka 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):333-339

The aim of the study was to analyze the factors creating consumer attributes of roasted beef steaks of various animals. Eight cuts from 30 carcasses (characterized by various types of animal, conformation and fat class, rib fat thickness, ossification score) were selected. Samples were prepared using the roasting method and consumers rated the tenderness, juiciness, flavor, overall acceptability (rated in a 100‐point scale), and satisfaction (rated from 2 to 5) for analyzed samples. No influence of type of animal, fat class, conformation class or ossification score on the results of consumer analysis was observed. For all analyzed factors, the influence of cut on consumer analysis was observed (the highest values of all consumer attributes were observed for tenderloin ‐ for juiciness significantly higher than for other cuts, for tenderness, flavor and MQ4 comparable only with rump (RMP231), while for overall acceptability and satisfaction – with both rump cuts). For rib fat thickness consumer attributes of roasted beef meat were not linear, but the influence was observed – the highest values of consumer attributes were observed for 13 mm rib fat thickness.  相似文献   

Evidence of non-site-specific agricultural management effects on the score of visual soil quality indicators     

Fernando Teixeira  Tatenda Lemann  Carla Ferreira  Matjaž Glavan  Tóth Zoltán  Tamás Hermann  Jerzy Lipiec  Magdalena Frąc  Endla Reintam  Minggang Xu  Hongzhu Fan  Coen Ritsema 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(1):474-484

This study investigates 11 agricultural management practices (AMPs) and their effects on seven visual soil quality indicators and soil aggregate stability. The survey carried out across eight pedoclimatic zones in Europe and China was based on visual soil assessments (New Zealand VSA method) performed on soils subject to different soil management practices and nearby similar soils, under similar farming features, without the distinctive soil management practice (control). Fisher's exact test was used to test if the management treatment was independent of the score of each visual soil quality indicator and to test if the management treatment produced a higher frequency of the score ‘good’. The results showed a statistically significant (α < .05) higher frequency of the score ‘good’ for ‘soil structure and consistency’ and/or ‘soil porosity’ for six AMPs. For no-till AMP, the null hypothesis can also be rejected for ‘susceptibility to erosion’ and ‘soil stability’ and for ‘mulching + permanent soil cover’ AMP, for the ‘presence of tillage pan’ and ‘soil colour’. The hypothesis that the management treatment was independent of the score of each indicator was rejected for ‘soil structure and consistency’ of three AMPs, for ‘soil porosity’ of three AMPs, for ‘soil colour’ of one AMP and for the ‘presence of tillage pan’ of one AMP. This study demonstrates that farming systems sharing a common influential soil management practice at different locations and with different soil types significantly affect the score of some visual soil quality indicators.  相似文献   

Changes in selected hydrophobic components during composting of municipal solid wastes     

Jakub Bekier  Jerzy Drozd  Elżbieta Jamroz  Bogdan Jarosz  Andrzej Kocowicz  Karolina Walenczak  Jerzy Weber 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(2):305-311

Purpose

One of the most practical ways to utilise municipal solid waste is composting, thereby producing materials that may be productively used to improve soil properties. Wastes, as well as mature composts, contain hydrophobic substances, including fats, which are more resistant to microbiological decomposition than other constituents. The aim of this work was to determine qualitative and quantitative changes of hydrophobic substances, especially fatty acids, during the course of municipal solid waste composting. This provides new information on intensity of hydrophobic versus other substances decomposition undergoing during these processes.

Materials and methods

Raw materials, prepared according to MUT-DANO technology, were composted in a pile, and samples were taken after 1, 14, 28, 42, 56, 90 and 180 days of the composting. Temperature, moisture, total organic carbon, hydrophobic substances carbon (HSC) and fatty acid carbon (FAC) contents were determined in all samples. Hydrophobic substances were extracted with 1:2 (v/v) mixture of ethanol/benzene, while fats were extracted with petroleum ether and determined by GC analysis after transesterification with BF₃ in methanol.

Results and discussion

The HSC decreased from 27.8 to 9.3 g kg^?1 during first 90 days of composting, and thereafter remained constant. Similarly, the highest content of FAC was in raw compost, while the lowest was after 90 days. Octadecenoic acid predominated in the raw compost and decreased from 56 to 23 % FAC after 180 days. During the composting processes, domination of octadecenoic acid was replaced by hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids, which increased from 18.8 to 36.7 % and 8.3 to 19.4 % FAC, respectively. The share of hexadecanoic, eicosanoic and docosanoic acids increased after the thermophilic phase. The presence of odd-numbered fatty acids (pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic) was noted, which are known to be products of the bacterial transformation-synthesis of lipid substances.

Conclusions

The extent of decomposition of hydrophobic substances, especially fatty acids, is greater than other components in composted municipal solid waste, and intensity of the biotransformation is significantly correlated with composting parameters, mainly temperature and time. During the thermophilic phase of municipal solid waste composting, the decrease in total content of hydrophobic substances is approximately fivefold, while the reduction in fatty acids can be about tenfold. Unsaturated fatty acids are more intensively decomposed during the composting processes, while saturated fatty acids are more resistant. Moreover, transformation of fatty matter may result in the creation of specific isomers with odd numbers of carbon atoms.  相似文献   

Response of six wild potato species to chloride and sulfate salinity     

Jerzy J. Bilski  D. C. Nelson  Rhonda L. Conlon 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(10):605-612

Eleven accessions belonging to six species ofSolanum (S. bulbocastanum,S. chacoense, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. papita, and S.sparsipilum) were tested for resistance to salt. Resistance was measured by survival and growth (dry weight of tops) of plants treated with solutions of NaCl and Na₂SO₄. The six species could be grouped into four classes based on good to poor resistance to salt solutions (1.S. chacoense, 2.S. gourlayi, 3.S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. bulbocastanum and 4.S. papita). There was a close relationship (r=0.94**) between the survival of plants and growth of surviving plants treated with salt solutions. There was no relationship between known heat or drought resistance of various accessions and salt resistance. Results indicate there is a large genetic base available to improve the salt resistance of the cultivated potato.  相似文献   

The response of four potato cultivars to chloride salinity,sulfate salinity and calcium in pot experiments     

Jerzy J. Bilski  D. C. Nelson  Rhonda L. Conlon 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(2):85-90

Potato plants (cvs. ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Red Pontiac’, ‘Norchip’ and ‘Norgold Russet’) were grown in an artificial medium for 28 days under greenhouse conditions and were watered with solutions containing various rates of NaCl or Na₂SO₄ alone and in combination with CaSO₄. NaCl and Na₂SO₄ slowed growth of young plants. On a mole basis Na₂SO₄ slowed growth more than NaCl. The addition of CaSO₄ reduced the deleterious effect of NaCl or Na₂SO₄ solutions. Growth of ‘Russet Burbank’ plants was the most adversely affected by solutions of NaCl or Na₂SO₄. Watering with solutions of NaCl or Na₂SO₄ also reduced the number of ‘Russet Burbank’ plants.  相似文献