松树材小蠹Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Xyleborini)在中国南方的发生及其共生真菌研究     

李猷  林伟  唐也  HULCR Jiri  高磊 《植物保护》2020,46(3):147-151

松树材小蠹Xyleborus festivus Eichhoff是东南亚地区为害松属植物的重要害虫,为掌握该虫在中国南方的发生情况及其共生真菌种类,本文通过检视标本馆标本和野外调查,并对采集的标本携带的真菌进行分类培养,利用分子生物学的方法对获得的真菌种类进行鉴定。本文提供了松树材小蠹的鉴别特征,记录了其在中国南方的发生情况、地理分布、寄主等,同时分离出共生真菌7种,并确定其储菌囊中的优势真菌——Raffaelea cf.arxii。松树材小蠹对寄主植物的危害极有可能引起或加速其他病害发生,应引起相关部门的重视。  相似文献   

浑善达克沙地黄柳再生沙障插穗指标1）     

刘冠志  刘果厚  刘哲荣  希吉日  姜莹  张瑞麟  刘利红 《东北林业大学学报》2015,(5)

采用野外实地扦插试验方法对浑善达克沙地2种立地类型（平缓沙地和风蚀坑）上黄柳（ Salix gorde-jve ii）再生沙障插穗个体的长度、栽植密度、采集时间和扦插时间与其成活率的关系进行了研究。结果显示：平缓沙地插穗长度为50 cm较为适宜,成活率可达84．41％,风蚀坑插穗长度为65 cm较为适宜,成活率达84．83％。2种立地类型下,栽植密度为10根· m－1时的成活效果较好,成活率分别为83．75％和75．25％。平缓沙地和风蚀坑扦插的冬贮条均较现采条的成活率高,成活率分别为91．25％和84．58％,即插穗在秋季采集较好。春季扦插较秋季扦插更有利于成活,平缓沙地上春季扦插的冬贮条与现采条的成活率为91．25％和83．75％,分别较秋季扦插的现采条的成活率高22．42％和14．92％。  相似文献   

Fruit and vegetable intake in the Czech child population     

Jakubikova M  Dofkova M  Ruprich J 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(6):1047-1054

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Phenotypic and Bioactive Diversity on Medlar Fruits (Mespilus germanica L.)     

Mustafa Akbulut  Sezai Ercisli  Tunde Jurikova  Jiri Mlcek  Sadiye Gozlekci 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(3):185-191

Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar, is a large shrub or small tree. The fruit has been cultivated since Roman times, and is unusual in being available in winter, and in being eaten when bletted.  In this study twelve medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) genotypes were harvested at commercial maturity stage (skin brownish, pulp white, fruit hard) from Rize provinces located eastern black sea region and were analyzed for their some important fruit phenotypic (fruit mass, shape index, fruit firmness, ostiole diameter and fruit flesh ratio) and bioactive characteristics (total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and phenolic compounds). A wide variation among genotypes on most of the searched parameters was found. Fruit mass and flesh ratio varied from 12.3 g (KRD-1) to 23.6 g (KRD-8) and 83.6?% (KRD-2) to 93.0?% (KRD-4) indicating high variability among genotypes. The total phenolic contents of twelve medlar genotypes varied from 157 to 227 mg gallic acid equivalent in 100 g fresh weight basis. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and p-coumaric acid were dominant in medlar fruits.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns and temporal changes of heavy metal distributions in river sediments in a region with multiple pollution sources   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zdenka Bednarova  Jan Kuta  Lukas Kohut  Jiri Machat  Jana Klanova  Ivan Holoubek  Jiri Jarkovsky  Ladislav Dusek  Klara Hilscherova 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(7):1257-1269

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal and regional variability of contamination by heavy metals (HMs) in river sediments using their enrichment factors (EFs) and benchmarking according to sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The Zlin region in the Czech Republic (Morava and Drevnice River basins) represents a model area where several regionally specific ecological risk assessment studies have recently been conducted with a focus on organic pollution, eco-toxicity, geological, and geochemical characteristics.

Materials and methods

Four consecutive sediment sampling campaigns were undertaken in spring and autumn 2005–2006. Aqua-regia leachable content of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn in surface sediments from 14 sites was analyzed using ICP-MS, and Hg content was analyzed using AMA-254 analyzer. EFs were calculated to identify the human impact on pollution in the area. Comparisons to SGQs were conducted to identify the areas and HMs of greatest risk.

Results and discussion

Calculation of EFs contributed to the effective clustering of HMs. Median EFs of Co, Ni, and V ranged from 0.9 to 1.4 at all sites indicating concentrations very close to natural geological background levels. There was greater enrichment at locally polluted sites, the highest in the cases of Cd, Sb, Hg, and Cr. Widespread influence of diffuse HM sources (traffic, agriculture, and urban wastes) was apparent from elevated concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn at all sites. EF values also helped to identify the greatest temporal changes and shifts in HMs contamination between adjacent sites caused by 50-year recurrence interval floods in early spring 2006. The impact was most apparent in downstream sites; namely directly below the confluence of the two major rivers.

Conclusions

The overall contamination of HMs in the region was classified as low-to-moderate with significantly contaminated sub-areas. The study showed relatively stable spatial distributions of HMs, indicating potential sources of pollution. Cu was identified as the HM of greatest risk. The study emphasizes the necessity of considering both environmental circumstances and background HM occurrence to prevent misinterpretation of the pollution situation. The use of EFs which include grain size proxy normalization and HM background levels, along with the comparison of the detected concentrations to SQGs, proved an efficient way to identify hazardous contamination from anthropogenic sources.  相似文献   

Land use effects on carbon quality and soil biological properties in Eutric Cambisol     

Lubica Pospíšilová  Pavel Formanek  Jiri Kucerik  Tibor Liptaj  Tomas Losak  Anna Martensson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(7):661-669

Abstract

The choice of prospective type of farming requires knowledge about the specific relationships that exist between farm management practices and base environmental conditions. Nowadays the protection of soil organic carbon is one of the main tasks, because organic carbon in addition to soil fertility can act in elimination of soil contamination and carbon sequestration. Field experiments were focused on the effect of intensive farming without organic inputs versus grassland on organic carbon content. Organic carbon content (C_ox) and humic substance fractions (C-humic acids and fulvic acid fractions), hot water extractable carbon and selected microbial characteristics in Eutric Cambisol were monitored during the period 1999–2010. A priming effect of soil cultivation was detected immediately after tillage. Arable soil with ‘intensive’ crop sequences (exclusively cash crops, cereals, oil plants) and with an optimal level of chemical inputs (mineral fertilizers, pesticides), but without organic farmyard manure had lower content of all carbon forms compared with grassland. ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA) were applied to characterize humic acid (HA) structure and stability. More carbon, less oxygen and more aromatic compounds were detected in grassland HA. Slight differences were found in HA thermo-oxidative stability and degradability, which was probably caused by changes in elemental composition and structure. Even the land use had no significant effect on basic microbiological characteristics (basal respiration, microbial biomass and qCO₂); the physiology of the microbial community of grassland was altered by a higher ability to utilize L- and D-glutamic acid. The L/D ratio of glutamic acid mineralization indicated no occurrence of stress in soil for both types of farming. It has been demonstrated that although losses of carbon as a result of land-use conversions are generally more rapid, gains of carbon in grassland followed by changes in management practices can also occur.  相似文献   

不同基因型欧洲梨离体繁殖研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

李昌珠  Sedlak Jiri  Jan Blazek 《果树学报》2002,19(4):227-230

试验用12个基因型欧洲梨茎尖作外植体,以MS作基本培养基进行高体繁殖试验。结果表明,不同基因型外植体增殖和形态分化显著不同。其中Koporeka仅经过28d便获得了5.6倍的增殖。生根培养14d后,生根率达88.65%,每植株生根2.86条。Vila连续培养60d,仅有少量的外植体形成了愈伤组织,无芽和根分化。参试的12个基因型,只有5个类型可以进行规模离体繁殖。  相似文献   

The impact of climate change on the yield and quality of Saaz hops in the Czech Republic     

Martin Mozny  Radim Tolasz  Jiri Nekovar  Tim Sparks  Mirek Trnka  Zdenek Zalud 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(6-7):913-919

The impact of climate change on the production and quality of hops Humulus lupulus will depend on future weather conditions in the growing season. Our simulations suggest that hops will be particularly vulnerable to a change in climate. Even with the modest warming so far experienced yields have stagnated and quality declined. Recorded observations show an increase in air temperature which is associated with an earlier onset of hop phenological phases and a shortening of the vegetation period. Simulations using future climate predict a decline in both yields, of up to 7–10%, and α-acid content, of up to 13–32%, the latter a major determinant of quality. The concentration of hop cultivation in a comparatively small region in the Czech Republic makes it more vulnerable than if the crop were grown in more areas with different climates. Thus climate change may gradually lead to changes in the regionalization of hop production. Policy assistance may be necessary for the adaptation of the Czech hop growing industry to changed climatic conditions.  相似文献   

Invasive Asian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> – <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euwallacea</Emphasis> ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests,urban landscapes and the avocado industry     

Kerry O’Donnell  Ran Libeskind-Hadas  Jiri Hulcr  Craig Bateman  Matthew T. Kasson  Randy C. Ploetz  Joshua L. Konkol  Jill N. Ploetz  Daniel Carrillo  Alina Campbell  Rita E. Duncan  Pradeepa N. H. Liyanage  Akif Eskalen  Shannon C. Lynch  David M. Geiser  Stanley Freeman  Zvi Mendel  Michal Sharon  Takayuki Aoki  Allard A. Cossé  Alejandro P. Rooney 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(4):435-442

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SIRT1-dependent modulation of methylation and acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9) in the zygotic pronuclei improves porcine embryo development     

Katerina Adamkova  Young-Joo Yi  Jaroslav Petr  Tereza Zalmanova  Kristyna Hoskova  Pavla Jelinkova  Jiri Moravec  Milena Kralickova  Miriam Sutovsky  Peter Sutovsky  Jan Nevoral 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2018,(2)

Background: The histone code is an established epigenetic regulator of early embryonic development in mammals.The lysine residue K9 of histone H3(H3 K9) is a prime target of SIRT1, a member of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase family of enzymes targeting both histone and non-histone substrates. At present, little is known about SIRT1-modulation of H3 K9 in zygotic pronuclei and its association with the success of preimplantation embryo development. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of SIRT1 activity on H3 K9 methylation and acetylation in porcine zygotes and the significance of H3 K9 modifications for early embryonic development.Results: Our results show that SIRT1 activators resveratrol and BML-278 increased H3 K9 methylation and suppressed H3 K9 acetylation in both the paternal and maternal pronucleus. Inversely, SIRT1 inhibitors nicotinamide and sirtinol suppressed methylation and increased acetylation of pronuclear H3 K9. Evaluation of early embryonic development confirmed positive effect of selective SIRT1 activation on blastocyst formation rate(5.2 ± 2.9% versus 32.9 ± 8.1% in vehicle control and BML-278 group, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). Stimulation of SIRT1 activity coincided with fluorometric signal intensity of ooplasmic ubiquitin ligase MDM2, a known substrate of SIRT1 and known limiting factor of epigenome remodeling.Conclusions: We conclude that SIRT1 modulates zygotic histone code, obviously through direct deacetylation and via non-histone targets resulting in increased H3 K9 me3. These changes in zygotes lead to more successful pre-implantation embryonic development and, indeed, the specific SIRT1 activation due to BML-278 is beneficial for in vitro embryo production and blastocyst achievement.  相似文献