Land use effects on carbon quality and soil biological properties in Eutric Cambisol     

Lubica Pospíšilová  Pavel Formanek  Jiri Kucerik  Tibor Liptaj  Tomas Losak  Anna Martensson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(7):661-669

Abstract

The choice of prospective type of farming requires knowledge about the specific relationships that exist between farm management practices and base environmental conditions. Nowadays the protection of soil organic carbon is one of the main tasks, because organic carbon in addition to soil fertility can act in elimination of soil contamination and carbon sequestration. Field experiments were focused on the effect of intensive farming without organic inputs versus grassland on organic carbon content. Organic carbon content (C_ox) and humic substance fractions (C-humic acids and fulvic acid fractions), hot water extractable carbon and selected microbial characteristics in Eutric Cambisol were monitored during the period 1999–2010. A priming effect of soil cultivation was detected immediately after tillage. Arable soil with ‘intensive’ crop sequences (exclusively cash crops, cereals, oil plants) and with an optimal level of chemical inputs (mineral fertilizers, pesticides), but without organic farmyard manure had lower content of all carbon forms compared with grassland. ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (TGA) were applied to characterize humic acid (HA) structure and stability. More carbon, less oxygen and more aromatic compounds were detected in grassland HA. Slight differences were found in HA thermo-oxidative stability and degradability, which was probably caused by changes in elemental composition and structure. Even the land use had no significant effect on basic microbiological characteristics (basal respiration, microbial biomass and qCO₂); the physiology of the microbial community of grassland was altered by a higher ability to utilize L- and D-glutamic acid. The L/D ratio of glutamic acid mineralization indicated no occurrence of stress in soil for both types of farming. It has been demonstrated that although losses of carbon as a result of land-use conversions are generally more rapid, gains of carbon in grassland followed by changes in management practices can also occur.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and Bioactive Diversity on Medlar Fruits (Mespilus germanica L.)     

Mustafa Akbulut  Sezai Ercisli  Tunde Jurikova  Jiri Mlcek  Sadiye Gozlekci 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(3):185-191

Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar, is a large shrub or small tree. The fruit has been cultivated since Roman times, and is unusual in being available in winter, and in being eaten when bletted.  In this study twelve medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) genotypes were harvested at commercial maturity stage (skin brownish, pulp white, fruit hard) from Rize provinces located eastern black sea region and were analyzed for their some important fruit phenotypic (fruit mass, shape index, fruit firmness, ostiole diameter and fruit flesh ratio) and bioactive characteristics (total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and phenolic compounds). A wide variation among genotypes on most of the searched parameters was found. Fruit mass and flesh ratio varied from 12.3 g (KRD-1) to 23.6 g (KRD-8) and 83.6?% (KRD-2) to 93.0?% (KRD-4) indicating high variability among genotypes. The total phenolic contents of twelve medlar genotypes varied from 157 to 227 mg gallic acid equivalent in 100 g fresh weight basis. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and p-coumaric acid were dominant in medlar fruits.  相似文献   

灰色关联度分析在紫苏高产中的应用初探     

吴松权  吴明根  王立平  吴基日 《中国林副特产》2006,66(4):10-11

应用灰色关联度分析方法,对6个农户中影响产量因素的6个主要性状进行了分析,结果表明小坚果数/株、分枝数/株对产量的高低起主要作用。  相似文献   

Study on Antioxidant Components in Rosé Wine Originating from the Wine Growing Region of Moravia,Czech Republic     

Mojmir Baron  Jiri Sochor  Lenka Tomaskova  Bozena Prusova  Michal Kumsta 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(4):253-262

The estimation of antioxidants in fruit, vegetables, beverages, and foodstuffs has been discussed in a great number of scientific studies, but until now, problems concerning the analysis of antioxidant components of rosé wine has not been adequately investigated. This paper presented results of a study on antioxidant components contained in some samples of rosé wine originating from the Moravian wine growing region. The experiments involved altogether 48 samples of rosé wine made of grapes of the varieties ‘Blaufränkisch’, ‘Blauer Portugieser’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Sankt Laurent’, and ‘Zweigeltrebe’. Grapes were harvested in 2013. Spectrophotometry was used to estimated antioxidant activity (53–73?mg?L^?1 GAE), content of total polyphenols (152–369?mg?L^?1), hydrocinnamic acid (52–148?mg?L^?1), flavonols (25–294?mg?L^?1) and anthocyanins (88–1754?mg?L^?1). The HPLC method was used for the detection of some important antioxidants, i.?e. catechin, epicatechin, malvidin-3-glucoside, cis- and trans-resveratrol, ferrulic acid, coumaric acid and caftaric acid. This study enabled to determine basic profiles of the most important antioxidant components of the most popular Moravian red grapevine varieties. The studied wines were analyzed from several different aspects, which is not standard.  相似文献   

Recovery of acidified catchments in the extremely polluted Krusne hory Mountains,Czech Republic     

Jiri Cerny 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(2):589-594

Runoff and atmospheric chemistry in the Krusne hory Mts. have changed significantly from 1978 to 1994. Forest die-back related deforestation resulted in decreased dry deposition of SO₂ and changes in streamwater chemical composition. Atmospheric sulphur (S) deposition decreased from extremely high values of 66.6 kg S ha^?1 year^?1, in the early 1980s to 35.5 kg S ha^?1 year^?1 in 1994. Decreasing S input is reflected in decrease of streamwater sulphate (SO₄ ^2?) concentrations, which decreased from 1560 μeq l^?1 to 1164 μeq l^?1. Runoff export of S was 53 kg S ha^?1 year^?1 in 1993, S is not retained in the catchments. Nitrogen (N) budget indicates accumulation in the catchment, which is attributed to forest regrowth.  相似文献   

不同基因型欧洲梨离体繁殖研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

李昌珠  Sedlak Jiri  Jan Blazek 《果树学报》2002,19(4):227-230

试验用12个基因型欧洲梨茎尖作外植体,以MS作基本培养基进行高体繁殖试验。结果表明,不同基因型外植体增殖和形态分化显著不同。其中Koporeka仅经过28d便获得了5.6倍的增殖。生根培养14d后,生根率达88.65%,每植株生根2.86条。Vila连续培养60d,仅有少量的外植体形成了愈伤组织,无芽和根分化。参试的12个基因型,只有5个类型可以进行规模离体繁殖。  相似文献   

Invasive Asian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> – <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euwallacea</Emphasis> ambrosia beetle mutualists pose a serious threat to forests,urban landscapes and the avocado industry     

Kerry O’Donnell  Ran Libeskind-Hadas  Jiri Hulcr  Craig Bateman  Matthew T. Kasson  Randy C. Ploetz  Joshua L. Konkol  Jill N. Ploetz  Daniel Carrillo  Alina Campbell  Rita E. Duncan  Pradeepa N. H. Liyanage  Akif Eskalen  Shannon C. Lynch  David M. Geiser  Stanley Freeman  Zvi Mendel  Michal Sharon  Takayuki Aoki  Allard A. Cossé  Alejandro P. Rooney 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(4):435-442

  相似文献   

Development of Multilayered Nanocomposites for Applications in Personal Protection     

Jana Novotna  Vijay Baheti  Blanka Tomkova  Jiri Militky  Jan Novak 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(6):1288-1294

The aim of the presented research was to study the influence of surface layer material on improvement of impact, dielectric, EMI shielding and sound absorption properties of sandwich composites. The sandwich composite structure consisted of Kevlar or Carbon woven fabric at the surface layer, recycled high loft nonwoven in the center and a mixture of carbon particles/epoxy matrix as a binder to hold the surface layer and core together. The carbon particles were incorporated in epoxy in order to improve failure mechanism and enhance dielectric properties or electromagnetic shielding of sandwich composites. The biggest improvements on impact properties of sandwich composites were obtained when Kevlar fabric was used as surface layer. However, surface layer of carbon fabric was found to provide better dielectric properties and improve EMI shielding of sandwich composites against Kevlar fabric surface layer.  相似文献   

Dynamic heat flux measurement for advanced insulation materials     

Mohanapriya Venkataraman  Rajesh Mishra  V. Subramaniam  A. Gnanamani  T. M. Kotresh  Jiri Militky 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(6):925-931

Odour formation in the textile is a serious and embarrassing problem for an individual. The axilla born bacterial species are noted as the main reason for odour formation in axilla. In this research an attempt has been made to identify the odour generating compounds on the textile material after wear trial using gas chromatography and mass spectrum (GC-MS). The result indicates that the worn textile material consisted steroidal fractions of 5a-androst-16-ene-3-one and cholesterol, the major odour forming source from axilla. The results also identified the other important odour forming fatty acids and alcohols like lauric acids, diethyl esters of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, methyl esters of tetradecanoic acid, 3- methylhexanoic acid, Tetradecanol and acetic acid in axilla worn textile. These components were the derivatives of axilla specific odourous components like phthalic acid, myristic acid, isobutric acid and alcohols. The effect of Terminalia chebula extract finish on the odour formation also analysed and the results shows a considerable reduction in odour causing short chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the worn textile compare to the untreated textile. The analysis also identified more amounts of active components of Terminalia chebula on the fabric surface instead of the odourous components from axilla.  相似文献   

Aerogel based nanoporous fibrous materials for thermal insulation     

Mohanapriya Venkataraman  Rajesh Mishra  Jiri Militky  Lubos Hes 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(7):1444-1449

In this research work, the thermo physiological properties of polyester/polyethylene nonwoven composite wraps of varying thicknesses impregnated with aerogel were studied and compared. The SEM images were also taken to compare the physical configuaration of the aerogel based fibrous composites. Specific thermal properties like thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal diffusivity and thermal absorptivity were measured using alambeta instrument. The air permeability of the thermal wraps was measured in air permeability tester. The relative water vapor permeability and absolute water vapor permeability was measured in Permetest. These tests were conducted to understand thermal properties, air and water vapor permeability of flexible aerogel based composites with nanoporous structure. The results of the experiments were statistically analyzed and found to be within confidence intervals.  相似文献