Partial nomadism in large‐bodied bream (Abramis brama)     

Jakob Brodersen  Joan H. Hansen  Christian Skov 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(4):650-660

The recent focus on a common movement ecology paradigm has increased awareness about the importance of distinguishing different movement patterns for understanding their specific impact on animal ecology and evolution. One specific form of movement is nomadism, where animals move between habitats in an arrhythmic fashion. Although not yet described in detail for freshwater fish, nomadism between lakes within drainage systems could affect local lake food webs in an otherwise unpredictable fashion. In this study, we used passive telemetry to describe inter‐lake movements of 1,280 individually tagged adult benthivorous bream (Abramis brama) over nine contiguous years in a drainage system with two paired lakes. The movements can best be described as partial nomadism, where a part of the population is neither resident nor migratory, but instead moves between lakes in a variable, arrhythmic fashion, often with long residency in one lake before moving to the other. We found extensive between‐year variation in the proportion and direction of bream moving, with higher movement propensity being partly associated with lower somatic condition. Notably, movements out of lakes were significantly more in direction of the neighbouring lake than away from the paired lakes, suggesting that at least direction was not random. Since bream are important ecosystem engineers, fluctuating densities of adult bream could affect ecological stability in lakes. Our study suggests that fish populations in interconnected lakes within drainages should not be treated as isolated units, and we discuss this in relation to lake ecology and the importance for lake ecosystem management.  相似文献   

猪生物医学模型的基因组学研究进展     

Joan K. Lunney  史惠  余钗 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2008,28(3):57-60

本综述对猪生物医学模型的多样性和基因组学在这些模型持续开发中的重要性作了一个简要的更新。由于猪在体型大小、生理条件、器官发育和疾病发展等方面与人类相似,因而已作为一种重要的哺乳动物医学模型为人类所用。将猪作为人类医学模型,可以使研究人员从容不迫地安排研究时间,并可利用普通的人类医学技术对机体内部的血管和器官进行成像处理,且可以采集重复的外周样本,并且在扑杀后可采集复杂的粘膜组织样本。以猪为医学模型,能够利用同窝的猪或克隆猪和转基因猪,因而使比较分析和遗传作图更为容易。以猪作为人类医学的动物模型可获得大量代表各种组织的分化方向明确的细胞系,从而可更加有利于基因表达和药物敏感性的检测。因此,对人而言,猪是一种出色的生物医学模型。由于猪在基因序列和染色体结构上与人类高度同源,因而对基因组应用而言,其不失为一个宝贵的资源。由于目前猪基因组序列已被人类充分掌握,因而有改良型遗传学方法和蛋白质组学方法可供这些比较分析方法所利用。本综述将论述用于探测这些模型的基因组学方法中的某些方法,并将重点介绍黑色素瘤和抗传染性疾病的基因组学研究情况,论述在设计此类研究时应予以考虑的问题。本文最后将对利用基因组学方法开发控制具有最高经济价值的猪病—猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRSV)—新型替代方法的可行性、和将从PRRSV研究中获得的知识应用到人传染性疾病研究中的可行性作简短讨论。  相似文献   

Hepatitis E virus infection dynamics and organic distribution in naturally infected pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

de Deus N  Casas M  Peralta B  Nofrarías M  Pina S  Martín M  Segalés J 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,132(1-2):19-28

The objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a naturally infected, farrow-to-finish herd. For that purpose, a prospective study was conducted in randomly selected 19 sows and 45 piglets. Blood samples were collected from sows at 1 week post-farrowing and from piglets at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 22 weeks of age. Furthermore 3 or 5 animals were necropsied at each bleeding day (but at 1 week of age), and serum, bile, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces taken. HEV IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were determined in serum and viral RNA was analysed in all collected samples by semi-nested RT-PCR. Histopathological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes and liver was also conducted. From 13 analysed sows, 10 (76.9%) were positive to IgG, one to IgA (7.7%) and two to IgM (15.4%) antibodies specific to HEV. In piglets, IgG and IgA maternal antibodies lasted until 9 and 3 weeks of age, respectively. IgG seroconversion occurred by 15 weeks of age while IgM and IgA at 12. On individual basis, IgG was detectable until the end of the study while IgM and IgA antibody duration was of 4-7 weeks. HEV RNA was detected in serum at all analysed ages with the highest prevalence at 15 weeks of age. HEV was detected in faeces and lymph nodes for the first time at 9 weeks of age and peaked at 12 and 15 weeks of age. This peak coincided with the occurrence of hepatitis as well as with HEV detection in bile, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces, and also with highest IgG and IgM OD values at 15 weeks. Finally, different HEV sequences from this farm were obtained, which they clustered within 3 different groups, together with other Spanish sequences, all of them of genotype 3. Moreover, the present study also indicates that the same pig can be infected with at least two different strains of HEV during its productive life. This is the first study characterizing HEV infection in naturally infected pigs with chronological virus detection and its relationship with tissue lesions throughout the productive life of the animals.  相似文献   

Towards an energy–landscape integrated analysis? Exploring the links between socio-metabolic disturbance and landscape ecology performance (Mallorca,Spain, 1956–2011)     

Joan Marull  Carme Font  Enric Tello  Nofre Fullana  Elena Domene  Manel Pons  Elena Galán 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(2):317-336

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Nursery areas of Micromesistius poutassou and Sardina pilchardus unveil their reproductive strategies in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea     

Ana Sabatés  Vanesa Raya  Jordi Salat  Joan Mir-Arguimbau  M. Pilar Olivar 《Fisheries Oceanography》2024,33(2):e12661

Winter conditions in the NW Mediterranean cause instability of the water column and non-geostrophic dynamics, such as vertical mixing and convection are significant. These events involve nutrient supply to the photic zone that can sustain high productivity. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of winter hydrodynamics on the spawning strategies of Sardina pilchardus and Micromesistius poutassou. Data were obtained on two oceanographic cruises (February 2017 and 2018) off the Catalan coast. The occurrence of S. pilchardus eggs very close to the coast indicated a clear preference of the species for spawning in coastal areas. Preflexion and postflexion larvae exhibited a slightly wider distribution showing a clear association with the cold, less saline and more productive coastal waters. Preflexion larvae of M. poutassou were found on the upper slope and over the shelf, being offshore limited by the shelf/slope front present all along the slope. The front would act as a barrier preventing their dispersion towards the open sea. M. poutassou larvae in advanced developmental stages were located close to the coast in the productive shelf waters, with instabilities of the front contributing to larval transport from offshore waters to the coast. The vertical distribution of both species showed high variability, not only related with the daily cycle or developmental stage, but also with the vertical structure of the water column. Overall, the results provide some clues on how the spawning strategies of both species may evolve under future scenarios of higher winter-stratification, because of the global warming.  相似文献   

Individual variability and sex-related differences in the growth of Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758)     

Josep Alós  Miquel Palmer  Alexandre Alonso-Fernández  Beatriz Morales-Nin 《Fisheries Research》2010,101(1-2):60-69

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Spatial suitability assessment for vineyard site selection based on fuzzy logic     

Golnaz Badr  Gerrit Hoogenboom  Michelle Moyer  Markus Keller  Richard Rupp  Joan Davenport 《Precision Agriculture》2018,19(6):1027-1048

Developing a sustainable agricultural production system requires knowledge of the climate, soil, and topography of the area of interest. This is especially relevant for wine grape (Vitis vinefera L.) production. The main objective of this study was the development of a comprehensive system to aid in the selection of suitable areas for grapevine cultivation. Included in this system were several bioclimatic indices, such as Growing Degree Days (GDD), Frost Free Days (FFD), and the Huglin Index (HI) calculated over a period of 30 years using daily weather data obtained from the University of Idaho’s Gridded Surface Meteorological (UI GSM) dataset. Soil data and topographical data were also included in the system. The bioclimatic indices, soil, and topographic data were then transformed using fuzzy logic, and suitability maps with scores ranging from 0 to 1 were developed. The final vineyard-potential scores were obtained by combining the soil, weather, and topographic potential scores with a range from 0 to 1, where 0 pertained to non-suitable areas and 1 referred to optimal sites. The maps were evaluated by comparing the range of suitability scores of existing vineyards in Washington State. The evaluation indicated that 97% of the established vineyards have a vineyard-potential score that ranges from 0.8 to 1. The results of this study revealed that 11% of the total study area had a high potential for wine grape production. This study was able to successfully employ fuzzy logic to help decision-makers, growers, and others with conducting a precise land assessment for wine grape production.  相似文献   

Mediterranean fire regime effects on pine-oak forest landscape mosaics under global change in NE Spain     

Assu Gil-Tena  Núria Aquilué  Andrea Duane  Miquel De Cáceres  Lluís Brotons 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(2):403-416

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Trace Element Groundwater Pollution Hazard in Regional Hydrogeological Systems (Empordà Basin,NE Spain)     

Josep Mas-Pla  Anna Menció  Joan Bach  Manel Zamorano  David Soler  David Brusi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(6):218

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Differences in phagocytosis susceptibility in Haemophilus parasuis strains     

Alexandre Olvera  Maria Ballester  Miquel Nofrar��as  Marina Sibila    Virginia Aragon 《Veterinary research》2009,40(3)

Haemophilus parasuis is a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs, but virulent strains can cause a systemic infection characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, commonly known as Glässer’s disease. The variability in virulence that is observed among H. parasuis strains is not completely understood, since the virulence mechanisms of H. parasuis are largely unknown. In the course of infection, H. parasuis has to survive the host pulmonary defences, which include alveolar macrophages, to produce disease. Using strains from different clinical backgrounds, we were able to detect clear differences in susceptibility to phagocytosis. Strains isolated from the nose of healthy animals were efficiently phagocytosed by porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM), while strains isolated from systemic lesions were resistant to this interaction. Phagocytosis of susceptible strains proceeded through mechanisms independent of a specific receptor, which involved actin filaments and microtubules. In all the systemic strains tested in this study, we observed a distinct capsule after interaction with PAM, indicating a role of this surface structure in phagocytosis resistance. However, additional mechanisms of resistance to phagocytosis should be explored, since we detected different effects of microtubule inhibition among systemic strains.  相似文献