Ultrasonographic characterization of the urinary bladder in sows with and without urinary tract infection     

Kauffold J  Gmeiner K  Sobiraj A  Richter A  Failing K  Wendt M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(1):103-108

The urinary bladders of sows (n=10) without urinary tract infection (UTI) were longitudinally transrectally scanned after emptying and refilling with 200, 400, 600 and 800mL saline, and a volume dependence was found for bladder depth (BD), dorsal (dWT) and ventral wall thicknesses (vWT), wall regularity (WR) and mucosal wall surface (mWS). When another 31 sows without and 15 with UTI (as defined on the basis of high bacterial count and macroscopic/biochemical urine abnormalities) were compared for these parameters using BD as volume equivalent, no differences were found. Sows with UTI more often had moderate to high amounts of sediment than animals without UTI. Ultrasonographic assessment of dWT, vWT, WR and mWS of the urinary bladder of sows requires knowledge of bladder volume, and BD may be used as a volume equivalent. However, the parameters are inappropriate for the diagnosis of UTI as defined in this study, while moderate/high amounts of sediment seem to be indicative. Sediment can be visualized by transrectal scanning, but this is also possible using the transcutaneous route.  相似文献   

Estimation of leaf area index in cereal crops using red–green images     

Kristian Kirk  Hans Jrgen Andersen  Anton G. Thomsen  Johannes R. Jrgensen  Rasmus N. Jrgensen 《Biosystems Engineering》2009,104(3):308-317

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Is there need for leaf-galling grape phylloxera control? Presence and distribution of Dactulosphaira vitifoliae in Swiss vineyards     

Johannes Fahrentrapp  Lukas Müller  Peter Schumacher 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):340-345

Grape phylloxera (Dactulosphaira vitifoliae, FITCH) was a major pest in Vitis vinifera grape production in the late 19th and early 20th century in Europe. Roots of V. vinifera varieties are susceptible to D. vitifoliae attack whereas the leaves are not affected. The pest has been controlled by using American grapevine varieties as rootstocks. However, in recent years, grape producers have reported higher incidences of leaf galls induced by D. vitifoliae on V. vinifera leaves. Research on the occurrence of D. vitifoliae on grapevine leaves and roots has shown that D. vitifoliae is present in all wine-growing regions of Switzerland. In more than 80% of vineyards claiming to be infested, D. vitifoliae was found on leaves of varieties with interspecific crosses in their parentage. Three locations with leaf-galling individuals on V. vinifera were detected. D. vitifoliae individuals were found emerging from soil potentially associated with the commonly used rootstock varieties, which are assumed to be phylloxera tolerant. As climate change may necessitate the relocation of some viticultural areas to new wine-growing regions, there will be a greater need to control D. vitifoliae on leaves of interspecific crosses and the inspected planting material to limit further spread of the pest.  相似文献   

Evaluation of ecological doses of the nitrification inhibitors 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 4-chloromethylpyrazole (ClMP) in comparison to dicyandiamide (DCD) in their effects on dehydrogenase and dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity in soils     

Ferisman Tindaon  Gero Benckiser  Johannes C. G. Ottow 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(6):643-650

Risk assessment of the nitrification inhibitors (NIs) 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 4-chloromethylpyrazole (ClMP), and dicyandiamide (DCD) on nontarget microbial activity in soils was determined by measuring dehydrogenase and dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity (DHA, DRA, respectively) in three differently textured soils under laboratory conditions. Dehydrogenase activity was measured with standard procedure recommended to evaluate side effects of environmental chemicals on general microbial activity in soils. The kinetic of inhibition were obtained by dose–response relationships and used to calculate the no observable effect levels (NOEL values) and the effective doses at 10% and 50% inhibition (ED₁₀ and ED₅₀), respectively. Negative effects on DHA and DRA, respectively, were observed only at rates approximately 40–100 times higher than the concentrations recommended in the field. Both DHA and DRA were affected more in the sandy than in the silty or clayey soil. Consequently, NOEL, ED₁₀, and ED₅₀ values were considerably higher in the clayey than in the silty or sandy soil. The heterocyclic N compounds DMPP and ClMP, respectively, were more effective in inhibiting DHA and DRA than DCD. At application rates used in the field as well as at concentration up to 25 to 90 times higher, the NIs concerned failed to affect general soil microbial activity in soils. Among the three NIs tested, the not marketed ClMP exhibited the strongest negative effects on soil microbial activity. At recommended application rates, the NIs tested should be considered as enviromentally safe.  相似文献   

Family- and school-based correlates of energy balance-related behaviours in 10-12-year-old children: a systematic review within the ENERGY (EuropeaN Energy balance Research to prevent excessive weight Gain among Youth) project     

Verloigne M  Van Lippevelde W  Maes L  Brug J  De Bourdeaudhuij I 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(8):1380-1395

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A methodology for model-based greenhouse design: Part 5, greenhouse design optimisation for southern-Spanish and Dutch conditions     

Bram H.E. Vanthoor  Johannes D. Stigter  Eldert J. van Henten  Cecilia Stanghellini  Pieter H.B. de Visser  Silke Hemming 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,111(4):350-368

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Radiographic reference limits for cardiac width in peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus)     

Lumeij JT  Shaik MA  Ali M 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,238(11):1459-1463

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Fasciola hepatica - monitoring the milky way? The use of tank milk for liver fluke monitoring in dairy herds as base for treatment strategies     

Duscher R  Duscher G  Hofer J  Tichy A  Prosl H  Joachim A 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,178(3-4):273-278

In this study 595 lactating cows originating from 31 carinthian farms were investigated in accordance of liver fluke infection using individual and tank milk as well as individual blood and faecal samples. Two commercial ELISAs were used to test the milk and blood serum, and the results were compared with coproscopy and a commercial copro-antigen ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and two-graph operating characteristics (TG ROC) of tank milk results were conducted based on the individual milk to determine the minimum reliable in-herd antibody prevalence for the predominant condition in the investigation area. In 17.8% of the examined individuals located in 64.5% of the farms eggs were detected by coproscopy. The copro-antigen ELISA delivered 13.4% positive individuals from 54.8% of the farms. The milk ELISAs showed 42.7% (Euroclone) and 44.2% (Pourquier) positive cows on 90.3% of the farms. The blood samples were positive in 43% (Euroclone) and 45.2% (Pourquier) of the individuals from 90.3% to 96.8% of the herds, respectively. Based on the milk and the blood an average in-herd prevalence of 30-45% can be assumed. The serum and milk samples delivered correlating results with kappa values between 0.94 and 0.97, whereas the coproscopy and copro-antigen ELISA did not correlate well with the ELISA results. The two different ELISA tests highly correlated on individual and on herd level. Both showed a reliable minimum in-herd prevalence of ～20%, meaning that one fifth of the individuals in a herd have to be positive to obtain a positive bulk tank milk result. In the investigated area a higher in-herd prevalence is expected, therefore the tank milk is useful as a monitoring tool and can be used as a basis for intervention strategies.  相似文献   

Effects of pulsation rate and viscosity on pulsation-induced taste enhancement: new insights into texture-taste interactions     

Burseg KM  Camacho S  Bult JH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5548-5553

Oral stimulation with high-tastant concentrations that are alternared with low-tastant concentrations or water rinses (pulsatile stimulation) results in taste intensity ratings that are higher than continuous stimulation with the same average tastant concentration. This study tested the combined effects of taste pulsation rate and viscosity on pulsation-induced taste enhancement in apple juice. According to a tastant-kinetics hypothesis, less pulsation-induced taste enhancement is expected at enhanced pulsation rates in the high-viscous proximal stimulus compared to lower viscous stimuli. High-concentration sucrose apple juice pulses and low-concentration sucrose apple juice intervals were alternated at different pulsation periods (pulse + interval in seconds) every 2.5 s (period length = 5 s) or every 1.25 s (period length = 2.5 s). Pulsed stimuli were presented at two viscosity levels by the addition of pectin (0 and 10 g/L). Sweetness intensities of pulsed stimuli were compared to a continuous reference of the same net but nonalternating sucrose concentration. Sweetness ratings were higher for pulsatile stimuli than for continuous stimuli. In low-viscous stimuli, enhancement depended on the pulsation period and peaked at 5 s periods. In high-viscous stimuli, the same enhancement was observed for both pulsation periods. These results contradict a tastant-kinetics hypothesis of viscosity-induced taste suppression because impaired tastant kinetics by viscosity would predict the opposite: lower pulsation-induced taste enhancement for viscous stimuli, especially at higher pulsation rates. Instead, these observations favor an explanation based on perceptual texture-taste interactions, which predict the observed independence between viscosity and pulsation rate.  相似文献   

Blood pressure and BMI in adolescents in Aracaju, Brazil     

Polderman J  Gurgel RQ  Barreto-Filho JA  Roelofs R  Ramos RE  de Munter JS  Wendte JF  Agyemang C 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(6):1064-1070

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