Effect of Equilibrium Solution Ionic Strength on the Adsorption of Zn,Cu, Cd,Pb, As,and P on Aluminum Mining By-Product     

de S. Costa  Enio Tarso  Guilherme  Luiz Roberto G.  Lopes  Guilherme  Marques  João José  Curi  Nilton 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(3):1-11

Adsorption onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) is a promising option to remove organic micro-pollutants (OMP) from drinking water sources or wastewater. Since this treatment option requires continuous PAC dosing, sufficient contact time and subsequent separation of the PAC, the integration into existing process chains is challenging. In the present investigation, the pre-loading of a deep bed filter with PAC used as fixed bed adsorber was investigated. The retention and distribution of an exemplary PAC in a pumice rapid filter were determined. Gravimetry combined with combustion of the PAC at 550 °C was applied to differentiate between PAC and filter material residues and revealed comparably high PAC immobilization in the upper third of the pumice filter. Comparative adsorption experiments in batch with suspended PAC and continuous filtration tests with immobilized PAC showed advantageous results for immobilized PAC with regard to the removal of OMP and the sum parameters dissolved organic carbon and UV light absorption at 254 nm wavelength. The results indicate that a conventional rapid filter together with PAC can be effectively utilized as fixed bed adsorption filter.  相似文献   

Simulated nitrogen deposition affects soil fauna from a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem in central Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raúl Ochoa-Hueso  Iluminada Rocha  Carly J. Stevens  Esteban Manrique  María José Luciañez 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(1):191-196

Nitrogen (N) deposition is a major threat to the semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems. We simulated a gradient of N deposition (0, 10, 20 and 50 kg N ha^?1 year^?1?+?6.4 kg N ha^?1 year^?1 ambient deposition) in a Mediterranean shrubland from central Spain. In autumn 2011 (after 4 years of experimental duration), soil cores were taken to extract the soil fauna. Acari (45.54%) and Collembola (44.00%) were the most represented taxonomical groups, and their abundance was negatively related to soil pH. Simulated N deposition had an impact on the total number of individuals in soil as well as on Collembola and Pauropoda abundance. Collembola abundance increased with N loads up to 20 kg N ha^-1 year^-1 and then decreased. This response was attributed to soil acidification (between 0 and 20 kg N ha^-1 year^-1) and increased soil ammonium (between 20 and 50 kg N ha^-1 year^-1). Pauropoda were favoured by additions of 50 kg N ha^-1 year^-1, and it was the only taxonomical group whose abundance was exclusively related to N deposition, suggesting their potential as bioindicators. Contrary to predictions, there was a negative relationship between soil faunal abundance and plant diversity. In conclusion, soil faunal communities from semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems in central Spain seem to be primarily influenced by soil chemistry (mainly pH) but are also susceptible to increased N deposition. The main drivers of change under increased N deposition scenarios seem to be soil acidification and increased ammonium in soils where nitrate is the dominant mineral N form.  相似文献   

Gamma-linolenic Acid from Fifty-seven Ribes Species and Cultivars     

Golovenko  Ekaterina  Lyashenko  Svetlana  Akimova  Svetlana  Mitina  Lyubov  Mulenkova  Elena  Belarbi  El-Hassan  Guil-Guerrero  José Luis 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2021,76(3):385-393

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) is a bioactive fatty acid (FA) that exerts several healthy actions; however, its occurrence is restricted to a few oils. The...  相似文献   

Exploring the scaling law of geographical space: Gaussian versus Paretian thinking     

Juan-José Ibáñez  Beatriz Ramírez-Rosario  Luis F. Fernández-Pozo  Eric C. Brevik 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):495-509

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Estimation of the carbon valence from its average formal oxidation state in the soil organic matter     

Fernando Visconti  José M. de Paz 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(5):2225-2230

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Introducing a mechanistic model in digital soil mapping to predict soil organic matter stocks in the Cantabrian region (Spain)     

Chantal Mechtildis Johanna Hendriks  Jetse Jacob Stoorvogel  Jose Manuel Álvarez-Martínez  Lieven Claessens  Ignacio Pérez-Silos  José Barquín 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):704-719

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Formulation and Physicochemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Biscuit-Type Cookies Supplemented with Fruit Powders     

Ana Maria Athayde Uchoa  José Maria Correia da Costa  Geraldo Arraes Maia  Tatyane Ribeiro Meira  Paulo Henrrique Machado Sousa  Isabella Montenegro Brasil 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):153-159

Cashew apple and guava residues from fruit juice industry were prepared as dehydrated fruit powders and used at different levels of wheat flour substitution for cookies formulations. The effects of guava and cashew apple fruit powders supplementation on physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of the cookies were evaluated. The pH, fibre and protein content were significantly affected. Biscuits with 15 g and 20 g/100g cashew apple and guava fruit powders showed the highest scores for sensorial attributes, respectively. The supplementation seems to be suited for wheat flour substitution and it is possible to obtain cookies with value-added food ingredient within the standards.  相似文献   

The Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caulerpin,a Bisindole Alkaloid Isolated from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa     

éverton Tenório de Souza  Daysianne Pereira de Lira  Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz  Diogo José Costa da Silva  Anansa Bezerra de Aquino  Eliane A. Campessato Mella  Vitor Prates Lorenzo  George Emmanuel C. de Miranda  Jo?o Xavier de Araújo-Júnior  Maria Célia de Oliveira Chaves  José Maria Barbosa-Filho  Petr?nio Filgueiras de Athayde-Filho  Bárbara Viviana de Oliveira Santos  Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira 《Marine drugs》2009,7(4):689-704

The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of caulerpin was investigated. This bisindole alkaloid was isolated from the lipoid extract of Caulerpa racemosa and its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods, including IR and NMR techniques. The pharmacological assays used were the writhing and the hot plate tests, the formalin-induced pain, the capsaicin-induced ear edema and the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Caulerpin was given orally at a concentration of 100 μmol/kg. In the abdominal constriction test caulerpin showed reduction in the acetic acid-induced nociception at 0.0945 μmol (0.0103–1.0984) and for dypirone it was 0.0426 μmol (0.0092–0.1972). In the hot plate test in vivo the inhibition of nociception by caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was also favorable. This result suggests that this compound exhibits a central activity, without changing the motor activity (seen in the rotarod test). Caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) reduced the formalin effects in both phases by 35.4% and 45.6%, respectively. The possible anti-inflammatory activity observed in the second phase in the formalin test of caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) was confirmed on the capsaicin-induced ear edema model, where an inhibition of 55.8% was presented. Indeed, it was also observed in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis that caulerpin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, reducing significantly the number of recruit cells by 48.3%. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions and also to identify other active principles present in Caulerpa racemosa.  相似文献   

Marker-assisted selection efficiency in multiple connected populations: a simulation study based on the results of a QTL detection experiment in maize   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guylaine Blanc  Alain Charcosset  Jean-Baptiste Veyrieras  André Gallais  Laurence Moreau 《Euphytica》2008,161(1-2):71-84

Many studies already investigated marker-assisted selection (MAS) efficiency but mainly in biparental populations. Connected multiparental populations address a broader diversity and confer a gain of power for QTL detection which must be beneficial for MAS. Our objective was to compare multiparental connected designs to biparental populations taken separately for MAS and phenotypic selection. We first detected QTL for flowering time and grain yield in an experimental maize design involving four parental inbred lines crossed to produce six different biparental populations and confirmed the advantage of multiparental connected designs over biparental populations for QTL detection. Based on these results we performed stochastic simulations to evaluate the expected efficiency of four generations of MAS and phenotypic selection. Different parameters were considered: trait heritability, genetic architecture and whether QTL were assumed to be known or have to be detected. Genetic gains were higher in the multiparental design than on average over the biparental populations considered separately, especially when favourable alleles were equally distributed among parental lines. When QTL detection was included in the simulation process, we found that type I error risk considered for declaring QTL as significant should be adapted to the design. Type I error risks leading to the best response were higher for the biparental populations than for the multiparental design. Besides addressing a broader diversity, multiparental designs increase the power of QTL detection, which reinforces their superiority over biparental designs for MAS. Application of MAS to multiparental designs therefore appears promising to accelerate genetic gain in plant breeding programs.  相似文献   

Genetic variability and heterotic groups of Brazilian popcorn populations   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Glauco Vieira Miranda  Leandro Vagno de Souza  João Carlos Cardoso Galvão  Lauro José Moreira Guimarães  Aurélio Vaz de Melo  Izabel Cristina dos Santos 《Euphytica》2008,162(3):431-440

The development of successful advanced lines and cultivars in maize is dependent on parental selection and assignment to defined heterotic groups. So, the objectives of this study were to evaluate genetic variability and identify heterotic groups among Brazilian popcorn varieties. Thus, diallel crosses of advanced generations of the popcorn hybrids, IAC 112 and Zélia, and of three open-pollinated popcorn varieties, RS 20, Branco, and SAM were performed. Ten hybrid combinations, the five parents, and five check treatments were arranged in a block design with four replicates in two tropical-zone locations (CWb climate). Both additive and non-additive effects were important for grain yield, plant height, ear height, and husk cover. For popping expansion, only the additive effects were important. Hybrid combinations between the local variety (Branco) and F₂ populations (IAC 112 and Zelia) resulted in the third and fourth highest values for popping expansion. The best grain yields were obtained with hybrid combinations involving SAM. Cultivars Zélia, IAC 112, and RS 20 increased popping expansion, whereas cultivar Branco increased grain yield of hybrid combinations. The following conclusions may be drawn: Brazilian popcorn populations have reduced heterosis and genetic variability to popping expansion in relation commercial cultivars; there is genetic variability among Brazilian popcorn populations that allows the exploitation of additive and non-additive effects for grain yield; it is possible to increase grain yield by using local varieties; but it would be difficult to obtain commercial hybrids from local varieties because they have poor performance for popping expansion.  相似文献