Diet-associated hepatic failure and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a Weimaraner     

Ashley J. Smith  DVM    Katherine A. Stenske  DVM    Joseph W. Bartges  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  DACVN    Claudia A. Kirk  DVM  PhD  DACVN  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2006,16(S1):S42-S47

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甜瓜蔓枯病菌子实体法分离及A型菌株产孢条件研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李英  张永兵  陈劲枫 《果树学报》2007,24(1):84-88

为解决甜瓜蔓枯病菌(Didymellabryoniae)组织分离法中枯萎病菌污染和单孢分离法操作复杂的问题,采用挑取单个子实体分离纯化获得甜瓜蔓枯病菌A型菌株。该菌株在12h荧光/12h黑暗的常规光照条件下,不能形成分生孢子器,但经过一定时间的暗处理和间歇紫外灯(12h紫外灯/12h黑暗)照射后则能够产生大量分生孢子。研究了光照、温度、pH值、培养基、碳源、氮源对产孢量的影响。综合各种因素,A型菌株产生分生孢子的最佳条件为:7d暗培养和4d间歇紫外灯处理的光照条件下,只含有磷酸二氢氨的马铃薯平板培养基,25℃时产生的分生孢子量最多。  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of an attenuated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Papaya ringspot virus</Emphasis> strain applied for cross-protection     

Chu-Hui Chiang  Chun-Yee Lee  Ching-Hsien Wang  Fuh-Jyh Jan  Shih-Shun Lin  Tsung-Chi Chen  Joseph A. J. Raja  Shyi-Dong Yeh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):333-348

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) HA 5-1, a nitrous acid-induced mild mutant of severe strain HA, widely applied for control of PRSV by cross-protection, was used to study the genetic basis of attenuation. Using infectious clones, a series of recombinants was generated between HA 5-1 and HA and their infectivity was analyzed on the systemic host papaya and the local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa. The recombinants that contained mutations in P1 and HC-Pro genes caused attenuated infection on papaya without conspicuous symptoms, similar to HA 5-1. The recombination and sequence analyses strongly implicated two amino acid changes in the C-terminal region of P1 and two in HC-Pro of HA 5-1 involved in the attenuated infection on papaya. The recombinants that infected C. quinoa plants without local lesions contained the same mutations in the C-terminal region of HC-Pro for attenuated infection on papaya. We conclude that both P1 and HC-Pro bear important pathogenicity determinants for the infection on the systemic host papaya and that the mutations in HC-Pro affecting pathogenicity on papaya are also responsible for the inability to induce hypersensitive reaction on C. quinoa.  相似文献   

Effect of cultural practices on the development of arabica coffee berry disease,caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum kahawae</Emphasis>     

Joseph Aubert Mouen Bedimo  Daniel Bieysse  Ibrahim Njiayouom  Jean Pierre Deumeni  Christian Cilas  Jean Loup Nottéghem 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):391-400

In the high altitude regions of Africa, coffee berry disease (CBD), caused by Colletotrichum kahawae, is the main constraint for arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) production. However, certain agricultural practices can reduce losses caused by the disease and thereby promote optimum production. On small family farms in Cameroon, mixed cropping with fruit trees, intercropping with food crops and maintenance pruning of coffee trees are very widespread agricultural practices that can affect CBD epidemics. Consequently, an epidemiological study was conducted to assess how cultural practices affected the disease in an arabica coffee smallholding in Cameroon. The disease was monitored on a weekly basis over four successive years (2002–2005) on coffee trees in diverse cultural situations. Cultural practices likely to reduce losses due to CBD were identified. The infection rate was significantly lower on coffee trees grown intensively than on coffee trees grown in the traditional manner. Coffee trees located under the shade of fruit trees were significantly less attacked than those located in full sunlight. In addition, berries on the leafless parts of branches, near the main trunk of the coffee tree, were less infected than those on leafy sections. These results show that maintenance pruning, removal of mummified berries, and mixed cropping with shade plants are cultural practices which create environmental conditions that limit CBD development.  相似文献   

Investigating the pathogenesis of high-serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in Thoroughbred racehorses: A series of case-control studies     

Sabine Mann  Joshua D. Ramsay  Joseph J. Wakshlag  Tracy Stokol  Steven Reed  Thomas J. Divers 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(1):39-51

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Comparison of commercial broiler house lighting programs using LED and natural light: Part 1—spatial and temporal analysis of light intensity     

John E. Linhoss  Jeremiah D. Davis  Jesse C. Campbell  Joseph L. Purswell  Kelly G. Griggs  Carson M. Edge 《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2022,31(3):100272

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Hydraulic conductivity in roots of ponderosa pine infected with black-stain (Leptographium wageneri) or annosus (Heterobasidion annosum) root disease     

Joseph G  Kelsey RG  Thies WG 《Tree physiology》1998,18(5):333-339

Roots from healthy and diseased mature ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws., trees were excavated from a site near Burns, Oregon. The diseased trees were infected with black-stain root disease, Leptographium wageneri Kendrick, or annosus root disease, Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref., or both. Axial hydraulic conductivity of the roots was measured under a positive head pressure of 5 kPa, and the conducting area was stained with safranin dye to determine specific conductivity (k(s)). In diseased roots, only 8-12% of the cross-sectional xylem area conducted water. Resin-soaked xylem completely restricted water transport and accounted for 13-16% of the loss in conducting area. In roots with black-stain root disease, 17% of the loss in conducting area was associated with unstained xylem, possibly resulting from occlusions or embolisms. Based on the entire cross-sectional area of infected roots, the k(s) of roots infected with black-stain root disease was 4.6% of that for healthy roots, whereas the k(s) of roots infected with annosus root disease was 2.6% of that for healthy roots. Although these low values were partly the result of the presence of a large number of diseased roots (72%) with no conducting xylem, the k(s) of functional xylem of diseased roots was only 33% of that for healthy roots. The low k(s) values of functional xylem in diseased roots may be caused by fungus induced occlusions preceding cavitation and embolism of tracheids. The k(s) of disease-free roots from diseased trees was only 70% of that for healthy roots from healthy trees. The disease-free roots had the same mean tracheid diameter and tissue density as the healthy roots, suggesting that the lower k(s) in disease-free roots of diseased trees may also have been caused by partial xylary occlusions.  相似文献   

Chemical composition,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schinus molle</Emphasis> wood branch growing in Egypt     

Mohamed Z. M. Salem  Mohamed Z. Zayed  Hayssam M. Ali  Mamoun S. M. Abd El-Kareem 《Journal of Wood Science》2016,62(6):548-561

In the present work, for the first time, the chemical components of essential oils (EOs) and extracts from wood branch (WB) resulted from the tree pruning wastes of Schinus molle L. grown in Egypt were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. EOs, methanol (ME), dichloromethane (DCME) and water (WE) extracts as antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as analysis of extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were reported. The major components in EOs were α-elemol, β-pinene, and α-phellandrene, in ME were 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4-(N-benzylpiperazino)-2H-pyran-2-one, and 2-naphthalene methanol, decahydro-α,α,4a-trimethyl-8-methylene, in DCME were 12-methyl-E,E-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester, and in WE were β-eudesmol, and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester. The highest total antioxidant activity was found with EOs (90 ± 1.23 %) and WE (86.30 ± 1.40 %). The lowest IC₅₀ values of 13.11 ± 3.00, and 12.66 ± 2.15 μg/mL were found with WE and EOs, respectively. EOs and WE were observed to have good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Micrococcus luteus. In conclusion, the Schinus molle L. WB EOs and extracts might, indeed, be used as a potential source for pharmaceutical or food industries.  相似文献   

An “electronic nose” as a potential device for fire detection of forest product fire loads in enclosures     

Paul Joseph  Dimitri Bakirtzis  Audrey Vieille 《Wood material science & engineering》2015,10(1):130-144

Abstract

Saving lives and properties are of primary importance in fire disasters. Unfortunately, current fire detectors are not fast enough to allow the detection of many fires, especially, at the smouldering stages. Some preliminary studies on laevoglucosan (LG), as an important product from cellulose degradation, have shown interesting properties and could be detected by devices classified as “electronic noses” (e-noses). In the present work, the mechanisms of pyrolysis of some ligno-cellulosic materials were investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by a tube furnace with a view to determining the major degradation products from wood, white paper and cardboard samples. Additionally, an odour sensor, made of tin oxide semiconductor thin film, was employed to evaluate its sensitivity in detecting LG. It was found that LG can be readily found among the thermal degradation products of cellulosic materials in question, and that the metal oxide sensor employed was sufficiently sensitive in detecting its presence. Therefore, the work opens up the potential of using such a sensor as an “e-nose” for the early detection of fires stemming from forest product fire loads in storage places and in other enclosures.  相似文献   

Comparing genetic diversity in agroforestry systems with natural forest: a case study of the important timber tree Vitex fischeri in central Kenya     

Ard G. Lengkeek  Alice Muchugi Mwangi  Caroline A. C. Agufa  Joseph O. Ahenda  Ian K. Dawson 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,67(3):293-300

It is possible that current tree domestication practices undertaken by farmers reduce the genetic base of tree resources on farms, raising concerns regarding the productivity, sustainability and conservation value of agroforestry ecosystems. Here, we assessed possible changes in genetic variation during domestication in the important and heavily utilised timber species, Vitex fischeri Gürke (syn. Vitex keniensis), by comparing geographically proximate forest and farm material in central Kenya. Employing RAPD analysis, a total of 104 polymorphic markers revealed by five arbitrary primers were scored in a total of 65 individuals, 32 from forest and 33 from farmland. Despite concerns of possible genetic erosion, forest and farm stands did not differ significantly in levels of genetic variation, with H values of 0.278 and 0.269, respectively. However, Mantel tests did reveal greater geographically related associative genetic structure among individuals in farm rather than forest material, with r _M values of 0.217 and 0.114, respectively. A more detailed analysis of structure suggested this could be due to local variation in origin of some on-farm trees. Implications of data for the genetic management of V. fischeri stands during farmer-led tree domestication activities are discussed. At present, there appears little reason to reject on-farm V. fischeri as a source of germplasm for future on-farm planting or for conservation purposes, although this situation may change and will require monitoring.  相似文献