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71.
Keiji Nakamura Tomoko Kohda Kaoru Umeda Hideyuki Yamamoto Masafumi Mukamoto Shunji Kozaki 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(1-2):147-154
Clostridium botulinum types C and D are related to avian and mammalian botulism. Bovine botulism occurred at various farms from 2004 to 2007 in Japan. Since culture supernatants of isolates from cases of bovine botulism were neutralized completely and partially with type D and C antitoxins, respectively, we attempted to confirm the nucleotide sequences of the neurotoxin gene in isolates. The neurotoxin gene comprised two-thirds of the type D neurotoxin gene and one-third of the type C neurotoxin gene, indicating that the neurotoxin of bovine isolates is a mosaic of type D and C neurotoxins, D/C mosaic neurotoxin. We prepared four sets of primers to differentiate the genes of the mosaic and authentic forms with PCR. The results showed that all bovine botulism-related isolates possess the gene for the D/C mosaic form. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that isolates from bovine botulism which had occurred between 2004 and 2007 were genetically homologous, except for the isolate from one area. We further examined the biological and antigenic properties of the D/C mosaic neurotoxin, which was found to exhibit the highest lethal activity in mice compared with other types of neurotoxins. In the D/C mosaic neurotoxin, three epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies that specifically react to and neutralize the toxin were located in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chain. These results indicate that D/C mosaic neurotoxin is a pathogenic agent causing bovine botulism and has unique characteristics different from other type C and D neurotoxins. 相似文献
72.
Starch and gluten were isolated from 10 wheat cultivars or lines with varied amylose content. The rheological properties of 30% wheat flour gel, starch gel, and the gel of isolated gluten mixed with common starch were determined in dynamic mechanical testing under shear deformation, creep‐recovery, and compression tests under uniaxial compression. Variation of wheat samples measured as storage shear modulus (G′), loss shear modulus (G″), and loss tangent (tan δ = G″/G′) was similar between flour and starch gels and correlated significantly between flour and starch gel. The proportion of acetic acid soluble glutenin exhibited a significant relationship with tan δ of gluten‐starch mixture gel. The small difference in amylose content strongly affected the rheological parameters of flour gels in creep‐recovery measurement. Wheat flour gel with lower amylose content showed higher creep and recovery compliance that corresponded to the trend in starch gel. Compressive force of flour gel at 50 and 95% strain correlated significantly with that of starch gel. Gel mixed with the isolated gluten from waxy wheat lines appeared to have a weaker gel structure in dynamic viscoelasticity, creep‐recovery, and compression tests. Starch properties of were primarily responsible for rheological changes in wheat flour gel. 相似文献
73.
Estimates of genetic parameters for chemical traits of meat quality in Japanese black cattle
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Hironori Sakuma Kaoru Saito Kimiko Kohira Fumie Ohhashi Noriaki Shoji Yoshinobu Uemoto 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):203-212
Genetic parameters for 54 carcass and chemical traits, such as general composition (moisture, crude fat and crude protein), fatty acid composition and water‐soluble compounds (free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and sugars) of 587 commercial Japanese Black cattle were assessed. Heritability estimates for carcass traits and general composition ranged between 0.19–0.28, whereas those for fatty acid composition ranged between 0.11–0.85. Most heritability estimates for water‐soluble compounds were lower than 0.30; these traits were affected by aging period. Moderate heritability was observed for glutamine, alanine, taurine, anserine, inosine 5′‐monophosphate (IMP), inosine and myo‐inositol. In particular, heritability estimates were the highest (0.66) for taurine. Traits with moderate heritability were unaffected by aging period, with the exception of IMP, which was affected by aging period but exhibited moderate heritability (0.47). Although phenotypic correlations of water‐soluble compounds with carcass weight (CW), beef marbling standard (BMS) and monounsaturated fatty acid were generally low, genetic correlations between these traits were low to high. At the genetic level, most of the water‐soluble compounds were positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid but negatively correlated with CW and BMS. Thus, our results indicate that genetic variance and correlations could exist and be captured for some of the water‐soluble compounds. 相似文献
74.
75.
Shigenori Ueda Shigeharu Takeuchi Mie Okabayashi Kaoru Hanada Kenta Tomimura Toru Iwanami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(4):319-325
A new isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been identified from tomato plants in Kochi Prefecture in Japan and designated TYLCV-[Tosa]. The complete nucleotide sequence of the isolate was determined and found to consist of 2781 nt. In phylogenetic analyses of entire nucleotide sequences, TYLCV-[Tosa] was delineated as a single branch and was more closely related to TYLCV-[Almeria] than TYLCV isolates Ng, Sz, or Ai reported in Japan, which had spread since 1996. Isolate TYLCV-[Tosa] is suggested to be a newly introduced, novel isolate of TYLCV that dispersed into Kochi Prefecture. In addition, a rapid method using the polymerase chain reaction to separate TYLCV isolates into four genetic groups was established. This method would be useful for reliable diagnosis based on genetic differences among isolates of TYLCV.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB192965 and AB192966 相似文献
76.
Taketo Ashizawa Kaoru Zenbayashi-Sawata Shinzo Koizumi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):129-132
The vertical distribution of leaf blast lesions caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea was studied to estimate the degree of leaf blast suppression in rice multilines in experimental paddy fields for 4 years.
Leaf blast in 1 : 1 and 1 : 3 mixtures of susceptible rice cultivar Sasanishiki and its resistant near-isogenic line, Sasanishiki
BL7, developed slower than that in pure stands of Sasanishiki. The average distance of lesions on leaves from the ground in
the 1 : 3 mixtures was significantly lower than that in the pure stands at the end of leaf blast epidemics (at booting stage).
This result shows that the distribution of leaf blast lesions in the upper layer differs between the susceptible pure stands
and the 1 : 3 mixtures at the end of leaf blast epidemics. 相似文献
77.
Kaoru Inoue Tomomi Morikawa Miwa Takahashi Midori Yoshida Kumiko Ogawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):89-97
We experienced obstructive nephropathy in F344 rats treated with DL-potassium hydrogen
tartrate (PHT) in a 13-week oral repeated dose toxicity study. Six-week-old male and
female F344/DuCrj rats were fed a diet containing up to 2.0% PHT for 13 weeks.
Microscopical findings including irregular dilation of the distal tubule lumen, foreign
body giant cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and regeneration of renal tubules were
observed focally or multifocally in the renal cortex and/or medulla in the 0.5% and higher
dosage groups of both sexes. The severity of these lesions increased in a dose-dependent
manner. In the urinalysis, an increase in protein and white blood cells or the
concentration of tartaric acid was detected in the 0.5% PHT and higher dosage groups of
both sexes or males, respectively, though conventional blood biochemical analysis did not
indicate failure of renal function. These results indicate that the PHT induces
obstructive nephropathy in rats. There were no other treatment-related changes in other
organs. 相似文献
78.
Sakurada Y Shirota M Mukai M Inoue K Akahori F Watanabe G Taya K Shirota K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):937-943
We have previously shown that 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) vertically transferred from dams potentially exerts a direct effect on the ovaries of offspring and adversely affects female puberty. To investigate its toxicological targets in ovarian tissues, mRNAs encoding representative peptides that regulate follicular development in granulosa cells, theca cells, and oocytes were quantified using ovaries collected on postnatal days (PND) 5, 15, and 24 from the offspring of dams administered oral doses of 0, 1 or 3 microg/kg PCB-126 starting 2 weeks prior to mating and continuing until 20 days after delivery. Quantification using the real-time RT-PCR method revealed that PCB-126 lowered the amounts of mRNAs that encoded the inhibin alpha- and inhibin/activin beta A-subunits from PND 15 onwards; the amounts of mRNAs for inhibin/activin beta B-subunit, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor, and aromatase on PND 15; and the amounts of luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA on PND 24 compared with those of the age-matched controls. In contrast, no differences were noted for mRNAs encoding c-kit, growth differentiation factor-9, bone morphogenetic protein-15, or kit ligand for any of the age groups examined. The serum FSH level on PND 24 was higher than that in the control. Since the earliest effects on the mRNAs in the rat ovaries were observed in those expressed in the granulosa cells of the growing follicles after the antral follicles had developed, molecules in granulosa cells but not in oocytes during the early stages of the antral follicles might be the primary targets of vertically transferred PCB-126. 相似文献
79.
Haisheng Lin Shoichiro Ishizaki Yuji Nagashima Kiyohito Nagai Kaoru Maeyama Shugo Watabe 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(3):489-498
The aim of this research was to characterize immune-related antibacterial substances from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata induced by bacterial invasion. Bacteria inoculation was performed by injecting 0.1 ml of 1.0 × 1012 colony-forming units/ml Vibrio parahaemolyticus into adductor muscle. Acidic extracts were prepared with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid from different tissues after 8 h of injection, and antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus was determined via the microdilution broth method. The acidic extracts from gills of inoculated oysters (AEg) showed stronger antibacterial activity than those from non-inoculated ones. Based on this result, antibacterial proteins were purified from AEg via two-step gel filtration chromatography, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a TSkgel G3000 column. Protein components were analyzed by both sodium dodecyl sulfate and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As a result, two antibacterial proteins, APg-1 (with a molecular mass of approximately 210 kDa) and APg-2 (of approximately 30 kDa), were obtained from AEg. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis and partial amino acid sequences revealed that these proteins might be novel antibacterial proteins. These results indicate that antibacterial proteins are potentially upregulated in the gill of pearl oysters or released therefrom for defense against bacterial invasion. 相似文献
80.
Tomoko Sasaki Takeshi Yasui Chikako Kiribuchi‐Otobe Takashi Yanagisawa Masaya Fujita Kaoru Kohyama 《Cereal Chemistry》2007,84(1):102-107
Wheat lines with reduced amylose content were recently produced by single and double mutation from a low‐amylose line, Kanto 107. They are appropriate for clarifying the influence of amylose content on starch gel properties because of their similar genetic background. When measured using the concanavalin A method (ConA), the total amylose content of isolated starches from Kanto 107 and three mutants (K107Afpp4, Tanikei A6599‐4, K107Wx2) was 24.8, 18.5, 7.1, and 1.7%, respectively. Results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the difference in amylose content strongly affected gelatinization conclusion temperature and enthalpy. We prepared 30 and 40% starch gels and measured their dynamic shear viscoelasticity using a rheometer with parallel plate geometry. Compressive and creep‐recovery tests were conducted under uniaxial compression. The storage shear modulus correlated highly with the amylose content of starch in 30 and 40% starch gels. The creep‐recovery test showed a clear distinction in creep curves among starch samples. When the compressive force required for 50, 80, and 95% strains was compared, starch gels with lower amylose content showed lower compressive force at 50% strain. Waxy starch gel (K107Wx2) showed higher compressive force at strain >80% than other samples due to its sticky property. 相似文献