Foliar application of microdoses of sucrose to reduce codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage to apple trees          下载免费PDF全文

Ingrid Arnault  Nadia Lombarkia  Sophie Joy‐Ondet  Lionel Romet  Imene Brahim  Rahma Meradi  Ardjouna Nasri  Jacques Auger  Sylvie Derridj 《Pest management science》2016,72(10):1901-1909

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Daylength,Temperature and Solar Radiation Effects on the Phenology and Yield Formation of Spring Durum Wheat          下载免费PDF全文

D. Villegas  C. Alfaro  K. Ammar  M. M. Cátedra  J. Crossa  L. F. García del Moral  C. Royo 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(3):203-216

Future food security will depend on crop adaptation to changing environments. We studied the limitations imposed by daylength, temperature and solar radiation on wheat yield in eight field experiments conducted at contrasting northern latitudes and involving 42 adapted spring durum wheat genotypes of divergent phenology, and reduced or without photoperiod sensitivity. Air temperatures averaged from sowing to anthesis (SA) increased from northern to southern sites, while daylength and minimum temperatures from anthesis to maturity (grain filling, GF) followed the opposite trend, due to differences in the latitude of sites. The site effect explained 96 % of the variation in the number of days SA, which was much smaller in southern sites. Average minimum daily temperatures above 6.9 °C before anthesis and below 10.8 °C during GF accompanied by photoperiods during GF of less than 14.2 h resulted in less than 14 000 kernels m^?2, which was the threshold below which kernel number limited yield. Radiation during GF lower than 1.8 kJ kernel^?1 day^?1 limited kernel weight, which was then a constraint to the achievement of yield potential.  相似文献   

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">type IV antifreeze gene</Emphasis> in Nile tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>) and influence of cold and hot weather on its expression and some immune-related genes     

Asmma Y. Ammar  Abeer F. El Nahas  Shawky Mahmoud  Mohamed E. Barakat  Asmaa M. Hassan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(2):515-525

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Assessment of genetic diversity in Egyptian barley (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hordeum vulgare</Emphasis> L.) genotypes using SSR and SNP markers     

Ammar Elakhdar  Toshihiro Kumamaru  Calvin O. Qualset  Robert S. Brueggeman  Khairy Amer  Ludovic Capo-chichi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(7):1937-1951

A barley core collection can be studied extensively and the derived information can be used to identify loci/genes for the genetic improvement of quantitative and qualitative traits. To assess genetic diversity, allelic variation and population structure of Egyptian barley, 134 barley genotypes collected from a different region along with 19 cultivated genotypes obtained from of the Egyptian Agricultural Research Center. All genotypes were analyzed with 261 polymorphic SSR and SNP alleles. The mean number of alleles per locus was 4 and PIC was 0.49, while the level of genetic diversity was 0.55 ranging from 0.03 to 0.82. The genotypes were assigned to three subpopulations that were consistent with their origins. The genetic variation within population was higher (51%) than among population at the molecular levels (F_ST =?0.491 when P?<?0.10). The level of polymorphic variation was highest in subpopulations-II, due to collected from different regions with different ear-types thus, expected to contain more diversity than local genotypes in subpopulations-I and subpopulations-III. The structured study found that the 153 barley genotypes are in harmony with clustering approaches using the SSR and SNP genotypic data in a neighbor-joining tree and principal components analysis, which identified three subpopulations. These results demonstrated genetic diversity among the Egyptian barley genotypes can be applied to suggest approaches, such as association analysis, classical mapping population development, and parental line selection in breeding programs. Therefore, it is necessary to use the exotic genotypes as the genetic resources for developing new barley cultivars in Egypt.  相似文献   

Isolation of mycoplasmas from goats in the Sudan     

M. M. El Mahi  M. El Nasri 《Tropical animal health and production》1982,14(1):31-32

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Effect of diet on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) growth and survival in rumen and abomasum fluids     

Boukhors K  Pradel N  Girardeau JP  Livrelli V  Ou Saïd AM  Contrepois M  Martin C 《Veterinary research》2002,33(4):405-412

The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants is the main reservoir for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, potentially pathogenic for humans. We used for the first timerumen fluid in which no exogenous carbon source or other supplement was added to compare acid resistance and growth of STEC in physiological physico-chemical conditions. We showed that acidic conditions resulting from the combination of high volatile fatty acid concentration and moderately acidic pH did not alter the survival of STEC, and that human non-O157:H7 STEC isolates were able to persist in the rumen contents in spite of acid stress, low oxygen availability and nutrient deprivation, in the same manner as bovine STEC isolates do. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that a grain-rich diet may induce mechanisms of STEC acid resistance in the rumen that allow STEC survival in the abomasum.  相似文献   

Ein Klemmkäfig zur Haltung von Zikaden und Blattflöhen an der lebenden Pflanze     

E. D. Ammar 《Journal of pest science》1976,49(9):136-137

A clip-on cage, modified for feeding leafhoppers and planthoppers on particular parts of growing plants A clip-on cage, for feeding insects on particular parts of growing plants, modified for easy and quick handling of leafhoppers, planthoppers and similarly agile insects, is described. The main idea is the insertion of a tube, containing insects, into a central hole in the lower foam-plastic ring of the cage. This tube remains in place as long plastic ring of the cage. This tube remains in place as long as the feeding period required; it is moved away with the insects at the end of the feeding period.  相似文献   

Screening of some rare endemic Italian plants for inhibitory activity on 5-lipoxygenase     

Prieto JM  Bader A  Martini F  Ríos JL  Morelli I 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(7-8):725-727

The extracts of four rare plants found on the islands of Sicily, Vulcano and Marettimo, Southern Italy, were screened for their inhibitory effect on the production of leukotriene B4 by 5-lipoxygenase in intact cells. The methanol extracts of pods of Cytisus aeolicus and aerial parts of Thymus richardii were the most active extracts, inhibiting almost completely the leukotriene B4 production at 200 and 50 microg/ml, respectively.  相似文献   

Key role of mucosal primary afferents in mediating the inhibitory influence of capsaicin on vagally mediated contractions in the mouse esophagus     

Boudaka A  Wörl J  Shiina T  Saito S  Atoji Y  Kobayashi H  Shimizu Y  Takewaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):365-372

Transient receptor potential ion channel of the vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)-dependent pathway, consisting of capsaicin-sensitive tachykininergic primary afferent and myenteric nitrergic neurons, was suggested to mediate the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on the vagally mediated striated muscle contractions in the rat esophagus. These primary afferent neurons upon entering into the esophagus are distributed through the myenteric plexus, terminating either in the myenteric ganglia or en route to the mucosa where they branch into a delicate net of fine varicose fibers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the mucosal primary afferents are a main mediator for the capsaicin inhibitory influence on vagally mediated contractions in the mouse esophagus. For this purpose, the vagally induced contractile activity of a thoracic esophageal segment was measured in the circular direction with a force transducer. Vagal stimulation (30 microsec, 25 V, 1-50 Hz for 1 sec) produced monophasic contractile responses, whose amplitudes were frequency-dependent. These contractions were completely abolished by d-tubocurarine (5 microM) while resistant to atropine (1 microM) and hexamethonium (100 microM). Capsaicin (30 microM) significantly inhibited the vagally induced contractions in esophagi with intact mucosa while its effect on preparations without mucosa was insignificant. Additionally, immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of TRPV1-positive nerve fibers in the tunica mucosa. Taken together, we conclude that in the mouse esophagus, capsaicin inhibits the vagally mediated striated muscle contractions mainly through its action on mucosal primary afferents, which in turn activate the presumed inhibitory local reflex arc.  相似文献   

Breadmaking Quality of Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes and Its Relationship with High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits Allelic Variation and Gluten Protein Polymeric Composition     

Karim Ammar  Warren E. Kronstad  Craig F. Morris 《Cereal Chemistry》2000,77(2):230-236

Twenty‐seven durum wheat genotypes originating from different geographical areas, all expressing LMW‐2 at Glu‐B3, and five bread wheats were evaluated for flour mixing properties, dough physical characteristics, and baking performance. Gluten polymeric composition was studied using size‐exclusion HPLC of unreduced flour protein extracts. As a group, durum wheats had poorer baking quality than bread wheats in spite of higher protein and total polymer concentrations. Durum wheats exhibited weaker gluten characteristics, which could generally be attributed to a reduced proportion of SDS‐unextractable polymer, and produced less extensible doughs than did bread wheats. However, substantial variation in breadmaking quality attributes was observed among durum genotypes. Better baking performance was generally associated with greater dough extensibility and protein content, but not with gluten strength related parameters. Extensibility did not correlate with gluten strength or SEHPLC parameters. Genotypes expressing high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) 6+8 exhibited better overall breadmaking quality compared with those expressing HMW‐GS 7+8 or 20. Whereas differences between genotypes expressing HMW‐GS 6+8 and those carrying HMW‐GS 7+8 could only be attributed to variations in extensibility, the generally inferior baking performance of the HMW‐GS 20 group relative to the HMW‐GS 6+8 group could be attributed to both weaker and less extensible gluten characteristics.  相似文献