Großräumige Bodenuntersuchungen auf Rieselfeldern südlich Berlin     

Karsten Grunewald 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1994,157(2):125-130

Investigations of soils in the large sewage farm areas south of Berlin The sewage farms in the Berlin region represent very large contaminated areas for which new concepts for use have to be worked out. All potential users need informations about soil quality. It was the main medium for cleaning the sewage and therefore under “stress”. Investigations of the soil in this technologically influenced landscape have to be made in a specific way. Soil features, which are changed by sewage application, and aspects of the spatial soil pollution are described. Examples explain the dynamics of soil parameters after a discontinuation of sewage application.  相似文献   

Base cation,aluminum, and phosphorus release potential in Danish forest soils     

Ingeborg Callesen  Karsten Raulund‐Rasmussen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(2):169-176

Long‐term nutrient supply in forest ecosystems is due to the dissolution of primary and secondary minerals in soils. The potential of nutrient release in 19 forest soils in a cool humid climate was examined. The soil profiles are classified as Alfisols (10), Spodosols (2), Entisols (4), Ultisols (1), and Mollisols (2), thus covering a gradient in soil fertility. Short‐term and long‐term release of calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and aluminum was evaluated by a batch extraction using dilute nitric acid (0.1 M) for 2 hours, followed by 2 days (48 h), and 7 days (168 h). The solution was renewed after 2 and 50 hours extraction time. Nutrient pools expressed as g m^–2 to soil depth 100 cm, and a base index (Ca²⁺+ Mg²⁺+ K⁺ (mol_c m^–2) : Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ + K⁺ + Al³⁺ (mol_c m^–2)) were interpreted in relation to soil texture classes. Subsoil texture classes: Coarse: < 5 % clay; medium 5–10 % clay or (> 5 % silt or > 50 % fine sand), or fine > 10 % clay were evaluated as an indicator of forest soil quality. Base cation and phosphorus release decreased in the order fine > medium > coarse. Texture classes explained base cation release by about 80 % of total variation, and phosphorus release by 40–50 %. The base index generally increased by extraction time for sandy soils and decreased for loamy soils. This indicated that sandy soils released accumulated reactive aluminum in the 0–2 hour extraction. Subsoil texture class is suggested as a pedotransfer function for long‐term nutrient release potential in Danish forest soils.  相似文献   

An anatomical study of the dorsal and ventral nasal conchal bullae and middle nasal conchae in normal Shetland ponies: Computed tomographic anatomical and morphometric findings     

Kerstin Gerlach  Ingrid Vervuert  Claudia Gittel  Lisa Köhler  Nane Schmidt  Karsten Winter  Dagmar Berner  Antonia Troillet  Ellen Schulz-Kornas 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):431-438

Equine paranasal sinuses are susceptible to inflammation. Insufficient drainage through the nasal passages and meatus may lead to the accumulation of inspissated purulent discharge. Particularly in ponies, these anatomical structures are suspected to be relatively small. To date, there are no reports considering the morphology of nasal conchal bullae in small horse breeds such as Shetland ponies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the size of the conchal bullae and the medial nasal conchae of Shetland ponies and their relation to the skull dimension using computed tomography. Reconstructed images of healthy adult heads of Shetland ponies were used. Linear skull measurements as well as two cranial indices of the head dimensions were taken. Length, width and height of the dorsal and ventral conchal bullae and the medial nasal conchae were measured in relation to the skull and compared with the data of skulls of large breed horses. The anatomical proportions of pony heads were characterized by a smaller cranial index and a greater nasal index than those of large breed horses. Shetland ponies showed a longer cranial length compared with the nasal length. Heads are consistently smaller, and the relationship of the bullae to the head length was also smaller than those measured in large breed horses. A negative correlation between the head and bullae size was found. In conclusion, this study suggests that Shetland ponies have distinguishing proportions of the head. These findings are relevant for clinical examination and surgical treatment of equine sinus disease in those breeds.  相似文献   

ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification,diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats     

Virginia Luis Fuentes  Jonathan Abbott  Valérie Chetboul  Etienne Côté  Philip R. Fox  Jens Häggström  Mark D. Kittleson  Karsten Schober  Joshua A. Stern 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(3):1062-1077

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders of mostly unknown etiology, and they occur commonly in cats. In some cats, they are well-tolerated and are associated with normal life expectancy, but in other cats they can result in congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism or sudden death. Cardiomyopathy classification in cats can be challenging, and in this consensus statement we outline a classification system based on cardiac structure and function (phenotype). We also introduce a staging system for cardiomyopathy that includes subdivision of cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy into those at low risk of life-threatening complications and those at higher risk. Based on the available literature, we offer recommendations for the approach to diagnosis and staging of cardiomyopathies, as well as for management at each stage.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boar and deer in Brandenburg,Germany     

Nadja Seyhan Bier  Kaya Stollberg  Anne Mayer‐Scholl  Annette Johne  Karsten Nckler  Martin Richter 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):601-606

Consumption of game in Germany has increased during the past 10 years. Wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) are the most frequently hunted and consumed game animals in Germany, yet information on the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in these animal species is scarce. To better estimate the public health risk emanating from handling and consumption of game, this study investigated seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii in game hunted in the German federal state of Brandenburg during two hunting seasons from 2017 to 2019. Toxoplasma gondii‐specific antibodies were detected in 24.4% (44/180, 95% CI: 18.4%–31.4%) of wild boar, 12.8% (16/125, 95% CI: 7.5%–20%) of roe deer and 6.4% (3/47, 95% CI: 1.3%–17.5%) of red deer using a commercial ELISA kit. Seroprevalences were similar in the two hunting seasons. Correlation between sex and seropositivity could not be observed. A rise in seroprevalence was seen with increasing age in all studied game species. Observed seroprevalences suggest that T. gondii is endemic in the sylvatic environment in the German federal state of Brandenburg and imply that game could represent a relevant source for human T. gondii infection.  相似文献   

Adaptation of mammalian host-pathogen interactions in a changing arctic environment     

Karsten Hueffer  Todd M O'Hara  Erich H Follmann 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):17

Many arctic mammals are adapted to live year-round in extreme environments with low winter temperatures and great seasonal variations in key variables (e.g. sunlight, food, temperature, moisture). The interaction between hosts and pathogens in high northern latitudes is not very well understood with respect to intra-annual cycles (seasons). The annual cycles of interacting pathogen and host biology is regulated in part by highly synchronized temperature and photoperiod changes during seasonal transitions (e.g., freezeup and breakup). With a warming climate, only one of these key biological cues will undergo drastic changes, while the other will remain fixed. This uncoupling can theoretically have drastic consequences on host-pathogen interactions. These poorly understood cues together with a changing climate by itself will challenge host populations that are adapted to pathogens under the historic and current climate regime. We will review adaptations of both host and pathogens to the extreme conditions at high latitudes and explore some potential consequences of rapid changes in the Arctic.  相似文献   

Prevalence of specific IgG-antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in domestic turkeys determined by kinetic ELISA based on recombinant GRA7 and GRA8     

Koethe M  Pott S  Ludewig M  Bangoura B  Zöller B  Daugschies A  Tenter AM  Spekker K  Bittame A  Mercier C  Fehlhaber K  Straubinger RK 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(3-4):179-190

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma (T.) gondii is one of the most common zoonotic infectious agents worldwide. Besides its sexual reproduction in cats, T. gondii can also infect a wide spectrum of other warm-blooded animals. These include animals used for human consumption such as pigs or chickens. Nevertheless, the role of turkeys for the epidemiology of T. gondii infections has not been studied thoroughly. We have established a kinetic ELISA (KELA) for the detection of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies in turkey serum samples. The test is based on the recombinant dense granule antigens GRA7 and GRA8. These proteins were used as an antigen mixture at a concentration of 0.13 μg per well. The overall sensitivity of the assay was between 92.6% and 100% and the specificity ranged from 78.1% to 100%, depending on the method used to calculate these parameters. Using this KELA we examined 1913 turkey serum samples from 14 turkey farms from different areas of Germany. From these sera, 387 produced a signal in the KELA, corresponding to a true seroprevalence of up to 20.2%. The seropositivity rate in individual fattening cycles at individual farms ranged from 0.0% to 77.1%, whereas the rates were highly variable within the individual farms and individual fattening cycles. Consequently, conditions of animal husbandry could not be associated with particular seroprevalence rates. Although seropositivity cannot be linked directly to infectious tissue cysts in the muscle tissue of commercially produced turkey meat, we state that there is a potential risk of being infected by consuming turkey meat products that were not heat treated.  相似文献   

Pharmacodynamic effects of ivabradine, a negative chronotropic agent, in healthy cats     

Richard E. Cober DVM  MS  Karsten E. Schober DVM  PhD  Tony C.A. Buffington DVM  PhD  Xiaobai Li PhD  Sabine C. Riesen DVM  PhD  John D. Bonagura DVM  MS 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2011,13(4):231-242

Objective

To determine the pharmacodynamic effects of oral ivabradine in cats.

Animals

Eight healthy, adult domestic short hair cats.

Methods

Each cat underwent four study periods of 24 h, receiving either one dose of placebo or ivabradine (0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg) in a single-blind randomized crossover study. Clinical tolerance was assessed hourly for the first 8 h, at 12 h, and at the end of the 24-h study period. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously for 18–24 h via radiotelemetry after each treatment. Response to stress (acoustic startle) was studied before (t = 0) and after treatment (t = 4 h). Statistical comparisons were made using a linear mixed models and 1-way and 2-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Heart rate (min⁻¹) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner with peak negative chronotropic effects observed 3 h after ivabradine (mean ± SD; placebo, 144 ± 20; ivabradine 0.1 mg/kg, 133 ± 22; ivabradine 0.3 mg/kg, 112 ± 20; and ivabradine 0.5 mg/kg, 104 ± 11). Heart rate (min⁻¹) was still reduced (P < 0.05) 12 h after ivabradine (0.3 mg/kg; 128 ± 18 and 0.5 mg/kg; 124 ± 16) compared to placebo (141 ± 21). The tachycardic response to acoustic startle was significantly (P < 0.01) blunted at all 3 doses of ivabradine. Myocardial oxygen consumption estimated by the rate-pressure product was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for all doses of ivabradine. No effect of ivabradine on systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was identified and no clinically discernable side effects were observed.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that a single oral dose of ivabradine predictably lowers heart rate, blunts the chronotropic response to stress, and is clinically well tolerated in healthy cats. This makes ivabradine potentially interesting in the treatment of feline heart disease where ischemia is of pathophysiologic importance.  相似文献   

Effects of treatment on respiratory rate, serum natriuretic peptide concentration, and Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressure in dogs with congestive heart failure secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy     

Schober KE  Hart TM  Stern JA  Li X  Samii VF  Zekas LJ  Scansen BA  Bonagura JD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(4):468-479

  相似文献   

Comparing validation of four ELISA-systems for detection of Salmonella derby- and Salmonella infantis-infected pigs     

Roesler U  Szabo I  Matthies C  Albrecht K  Leffler M  Scherer K  Nöckler K  Lehmann J  Methner U  Hensel A  Truyen U 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(7-8):265-271

The objective of this study was the comparative evaluation of four indirect Salmonella ELISA tests at study time approved in Germany to detect Salmonella infection in pigs.Three tests are based on a LPS-antigen mix and directed against specific IgG antibodies. The fourth test is based on a purified S. Typhimurium whole-cell lysate antigen and discriminates between Salmonella-specific IgM-, IgA-, and IgG- antibodies. In a longitudinal study, two groups of six weeks old hybrid piglets were orally infected with a porcine S. Infantis or S. Derby strain. Clinical and bacteriological parameters were monitored weekly during an observation period of 130 days after infection and serum samples were investigated in parallel with the respective ELISAs. Apparently, the LPS-based ELISA systems used in this study failed to recognize S. Infantis-infected pigs although those animals shed the pathogen in high amounts throughout the study until day 81 post infection (p. i.). In contrast, the isotype-specific Salmonella Typhimurium whole-cell-lysate based ELISA was capable of detecting Salmonella-infected pigs from day ten p. i. at all tested serotypes and revealed the highest sensitivity in detection of S. Infantis-infected pigs. Furthermore, it became apparent that the often used surveillance cut-off value of 40 OD% is not appropriate for intra-vitam detection of S. Infantis- and S. Derby-infected pigs. In contrast, the cut-off values of the ELISAs given by the suppliers result in considerable higher detection rates.  相似文献