Sebaceous adenitis and mural folliculitis in a cat responsive to topical fatty acid supplementation          下载免费PDF全文

Katharina Glos  Wolf von Bomhard  Sonya Bettenay  Ralf S. Mueller 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(1):57-e18

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Temporal synchrony of Thaumetopoea processionea egg hatch and Quercus robur budburst     

Eiko Wagenhoff  Rainer Blum  Katharina Engel  Holger Veit  Horst Delb 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(2):193-202

Field observations on egg hatch of Thaumetopoea processionea suggest that temporal asynchrony with Quercus robur budburst leads to starvation, retarded neonate development and mortality. However, T. processionea neonates are generally well adapted to variable between-tree and within-tree budburst phenology reflecting the species’ close bond to its host. They are able to withstand starvation periods of up to 3 weeks while searching extensively for suitable buds to feed on. Feeding and movements of young larvae frequently occur during daytime presumably taking advantage of higher day temperatures when night temperatures are below the species’ thermal threshold. Due to the specific adaptations, we assume precise temporal synchrony to play a minor role regarding its influences on T. processionea population dynamics. However, if hatching precedes budburst for more than 2–3 weeks, temporal asynchrony may become a significant mortality factor for the neonates particularly when other adverse events (e.g. unfavourable weather conditions) during that period are involved. Therefore, future studies should try to reveal further details of this interaction and focus on the impact of global warming on T. processionea—oak budburst synchronisation.  相似文献   

Influence of litter chemistry and stoichiometry on glucan depolymerization during decomposition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter     

Leitner S  Wanek W  Wild B  Haemmerle I  Kohl L  Keiblinger KM  Zechmeister-Boltenstern S  Richter A 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2012,50(6):174-187

Glucans like cellulose and starch are a major source of carbon for decomposer food webs, especially during early- and intermediate-stages of decomposition. Litter quality has previously been suggested to notably influence decomposition processes as it determines the decomposability of organic material and the nutrient availability to the decomposer community. To study the impact of chemical and elemental composition of resources on glucan decomposition, a laboratory experiment was carried out using beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) litter from four different locations in Austria, differing in composition (concentration of starch, cellulose and acid unhydrolyzable residue or AUR fraction) and elemental stoichiometry (C:N:P ratio). Leaf litter was incubated in mesocosms for six months in the laboratory under controlled conditions. To investigate the process of glucan decomposition and its controls, we developed an isotope pool dilution (IPD) assay using (13)C-glucose to label the pool of free glucose in the litter, and subsequently measured the dilution of label over time. This enabled us to calculate gross rates of glucose production through glucan depolymerization, and glucose consumption by the microbial community. In addition, potential activities of extracellular cellulases and ligninases (peroxidases and phenoloxidases) were measured to identify effects of resource chemistry and stoichiometry on microbial enzyme production. Gross rates of glucan depolymerization and glucose consumption were highly correlated, indicating that both processes are co-regulated and intrinsically linked by the microbial demand for C and energy and thereby to resource allocation to enzymes that depolymerize glucans. At early stages of decomposition, glucan depolymerization rates were correlated with starch content, indicating that starch was the primary source for glucose. With progressing litter decomposition, the correlation with starch diminished and glucan depolymerization rates were highly correlated to cellulase activities, suggesting that cellulose was the primary substrate for glucan depolymerization at this stage of decomposition. Litter stoichiometry did not affect glucan depolymerization or glucose consumption rates early in decomposition. At later stages, however, we found significant negative relationships between glucan depolymerization and litter C:N and AUR:N ratio and a positive relationship between glucan depolymerization and litter N concentration. Litter C:N and C:P ratios were negatively related to cellulase, peroxidase and phenoloxidase activities three and six months after incubation, further corroborating the importance of resource stoichiometry for glucan depolymerization after the initial pulse of starch degradation.  相似文献   

Pymetrozine is hydroxylated by CYP6CM1, a cytochrome P450 conferring neonicotinoid resistance in Bemisia tabaci     

Ralf Nauen  John Vontas  Martin Kaussmann  Katharina Wölfel 《Pest management science》2013,69(4):457-461

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In vivo transmission studies of ��Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis�� in the domestic cat     

Kristina Museux  Felicitas S. Boretti  Barbara Willi  Barbara Riond  Katharina Hoelzle  Ludwig E. Hoelzle  Max M. Wittenbrink  S��verine Tasker  Nicole Wengi  Claudia E. Reusch  Hans Lutz    Regina Hofmann-Lehmann 《Veterinary research》2009,40(5)

The natural transmission routes of the three feline haemotropic mycoplasmas – Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’ (CMt) – are largely unknown. Since CMt has been detected in the saliva of infected cats using PCR, we hypothesised that direct transmission via social or aggressive contact may occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate this transmission route. CMt-positive saliva and blood samples were obtained from three prednisolone-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats that were infected intraperitoneally with CMt. Five SPF cats were inoculated with CMt-positive saliva or blood subcutaneously to mimic cat bites, and five cats were inoculated orally with blood or oronasally with saliva to mimic social contact. Blood samples were monitored for CMt infection using quantitative real-time PCR and for seroconversion using a novel western blot assay. Neither oronasal nor subcutaneous inoculation with CMt-positive saliva led to CMt infection in the recipient cats, as determined by PCR, independent of prior prednisolone treatment. However, when blood containing the same CMt dose was given subcutaneously, 4 of the 5 cats became PCR-positive, while none of the 5 cats inoculated orally with up to 500 μL of CMt-positive blood became PCR-positive. Subsequently, the latter cats were successfully subcutaneously infected with blood. All 13 CMt-exposed cats seroconverted. In conclusion, CMt transmission by social contact seems less likely than transmission by aggressive interaction. The latter transmission may occur if the recipient cat is exposed to blood from an infected cat.  相似文献   

Nitric oxide and metalloproteinases in canine articular ligaments: a comparison between the cranial cruciate, the medial genual collateral and the femoral head ligament     

Louis E  Remer KA  Doherr MG  Neumann U  Jungi T  Schawalder P  Spreng D 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(3):466-472

Osteoarthritis due to cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture or hip dysplasia is one of the most important causes of chronic lameness in dogs. This study aimed at comparing nitric oxide (NO) production by the CCL with that of the femoral head ligament (FHL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and investigating the pathway of NO production and the concomitant metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the presence or absence of an inflammatory stimulus. Ligaments of normal dogs were subjected to different stimuli, and NO and MMP activity from explant culture supernatants were compared. The results showed that in explant cultures of the canine CCL more NO was produced than in those of the other two ligaments. A higher level of NO was produced when CCLs were exposed to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-inducing cocktail TNF/IL-1/LPS, and NO synthesis could be inhibited by both l-NMMA, a general nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor and l-NIL, a specific iNOS inhibitor. However, a correlation between NO synthesis and iNOS expression levels as determined by immunohistochemistry was not observed. In contrast to CCL, no evidence for iNOS-dependent NO synthesis was observed for MCL and FHL. The CCL produced less MMP than MCL and FHL, and no correlation between MMP and NO could be demonstrated. MMP activity in the CCL increased significantly after 48 h of incubation with the inflammatory stimulus. The results suggest that in canine osteoarthritis NO synthesized by canine CCL plays a more important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the stifle than that synthesized by FHL and MCL.  相似文献   

Diagnostic ultrasonography in animals – Continuation of the clinical examination?     

Kofler J  Hittmair K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):393-395

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Identification of centrolobol as the platyphylloside metabolite responsible for the observed effect on in vitro digestibility of hay     

Sunnerheim K  Bratt K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(19):5869-5872

Syntheses of the metabolites from platyphylloside, a phenol causing digestibility inhibition in rumen fluid, have been performed to identify the active metabolite. 1,7-Bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone (3-platyphyllone), racemic, and the two enantiomers of 1,7-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanol (centrolobol) and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane (platyphyllane) were synthesized and tested regarding digestibility inhibition in vitro in cow rumen fluid. All compounds tested induced a decreased digestion. Centrolobol was found to be the metabolite causing the observed effect, and (R)-centrolobol was found to be the enantiomer formed in the rumen liquor in vitro.  相似文献   

Dynamics of surface sealing,runoff formation and interrill soil loss as related to rainfall intensity,microrelief and slope     

Christian H. Roth  Katharina Helming 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1992,155(3):209-216

The aim of this study was to determine what effect rainfall intensity, microrelief roughness and slope have on the interactions between sealing, runoff formation, rainsplash detachment and interill soil loss by wash from air dry soil surfaces. Soil material from the plough horizon of a loess-derived Haplic Luvisol was subjected to simulated rainfall to measure these effects. Irrespective of the above three treatments studied, rates of runoff, splash, and interill soil loss were found to follow three distinct stages, confirming earlier work. Splash rates as a function of rainfall energy indicated a distinct maximum before leveling off, while both runoff and soil loss displayed asymptotic curves, the respective rise of rates coinciding with the maximum splash rates. Rainfall intensity had the greatest effects on the studied parameters, high intensities increasing final infiltration rates at the expense of overproportionally higher soil loss rates. Rough soil surfaces diminished both splash and soil loss, while slope only affected soil loss. In an additional treatment with a pre-crusted soil surface, dispersion of the crust due to air slaking was believed to be the cause of increased runoff rates and a decrease in equilibrium splash and soil loss rates. Seal erosion by runoff, dissipation of rainfall energy due to puddling, increased cohesion of the soil surface as a result of sealing are some of the factors involved in the interactions studied, and the extent to which these single processes counteract or compensate each other depends on the type of force acting and the flow conditions at the soil surface.  相似文献   

Influence of Atmospheric Oxygen on Heavy Metal Mobility in Sediment and Soil (7 pp)     

Katharina?ZehlEmail author  Jürgen?EinaxEmail author 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2005,5(3):164-170

Background  

Aims. Pollution of sediment and soil by heavy metals is still an environmental problem. In order to assess the actual environmental risk, the mobile and biologically available content of heavy metals needs to be determined rather than the total content. This requires an analytical strategy preserving the actual binding forms of the heavy metals. Sampling and sample preparation are usually carried out in the presence of oxygen. As a consequence, oxidation of the metal and/or its binding partners is possible under these conditions, changing the original binding character. Therefore, sampling and sample preparation must be performed under inert conditions. The influence of atmospheric oxygen on the heavy metal mobility in sediment and soil for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn is shown for samples of different origin. By means of a case study, an alternative for the extensive inert sampling and sample preparation is given; also, a mobility correction factor for the heavy metals mentioned is determined.  相似文献