High-speed cinematographic evaluation of claw-ground contact pattern of lactating cows     

Schmid T  Weishaupt MA  Meyer SW  Waldern N  Peinen Kv  Nuss K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(2):151-157

To evaluate the manner in which a cow's claws make contact with the ground at the walk, the gait, and in particular the claw-ground contact pattern, were studied in 12 healthy, lactating dairy cows, using high-speed cinematography (500frames/s) while the animals were walking on a treadmill. The results showed that the limbs were advanced around the contralateral limbs in a sigmoid curve. The feet contacted the ground with the foot axis and the tips of the claws rotated slightly outwards. In all cows the lateral claws contacted the ground before the medial claws in the hindlimbs, and in 10/12 cows in the forelimbs. The heel of the lateral claws was the region of initial contact with the ground in the hindlimbs of all cows and in the forelimbs in 9/12 cows. Lateral 'heel first' contact in the fore and hindlimbs appeared to be the normal gait pattern in these animals. Compared with a previous study of heifers, lactating cows had a larger step width in the hindlimbs and a smaller step width in the forelimbs. These ground contact patterns offer an explanation for the predisposition to claw disorders of the lateral claw of the hindlimb. The results of this study reinforce the suggestion that soft floor surfaces should be provided for cattle to prevent mechanical injury to the claws.  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration under Miscanthus in sandy and loamy soils estimated by natural 13C abundance     

Katja Schneckenberger  Yakov Kuzyakov 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(4):538-542

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Spectrophotometric determination of yellow pigment content and evaluation of carotenoids by high-performance liquid chromatography in durum wheat grain     

Hentschel V  Kranl K  Hollmann J  Lindhauer MG  Böhm V  Bitsch R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6663-6668

The so-called "yellow pigment" content of durum wheat has been used for a long time as an indicator of the color quality of durum wheat and pasta products. For decades the chemical nature of these pigments has been assigned to carotenoids, mainly to the xanthophyll lutein and its fatty acid esters. The chemical composition of the yellow pigments of eight German durum wheat cultivars was studied. Grains were milled on a laboratory mill. Pigment extraction of millstream fractions was performed according to the optimized ICC standard method 152 procedure, and the chemical composition of the extract was analyzed by isocratic reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. all-trans-Lutein ranged from 1.5 to 4 mg kg(-1), and zeaxanthin was found in traces. No lutein esters and carotenes were detected. Surprisingly, the fraction of carotenoids of the complete yellow pigment content amounted to only 30-50% of the yellow pigment quantities, so there are still compounds in durum wheat not yet identified that contribute considerably to the yellow color of the grain extracts. The isolation and chemical identification of those pigments are under investigation.  相似文献   

Postmortem proteome changes of porcine muscle related to tenderness   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Lametsch R  Karlsson A  Rosenvold K  Andersen HJ  Roepstorff P  Bendixen E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(24):6992-6997

Proteome analysis was used to investigate the relation between changes in postmortem proteome of porcine muscle and tenderness development. Muscle samples were taken at slaughter and 72 h postmortem, and the registered changes in the proteome were related to Warner-Bratzler shear force. One hundred and three protein spots were found to change significantly (P < 0.01) over time, and of these the 27 most pronounced changes were identified. Eleven out of the 27 changes were fragments of actin. Other identified myofibril proteins or fragments included myosin heavy chain, titin, myosin light chain I, myosin light II, CapZ, and cofilin. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between three of the identified actin fragments and the myosin heavy chain fragment to shear force. Moreover, myosin light chain II and triose phosphate isomerase I were also found to correlate significantly to shear force. The results clearly demonstrate that postmortem degradation of actin and myosin heavy chain is related to meat tenderness.  相似文献   

Inhibiting effects of resveratrol and its glucoside piceid against Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab     

Schulze K  Schreiber L  Szankowski I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):356-362

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced in different unrelated plant species such as grapevine and peanut. The effect of resveratrol and its glucoside trans-resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranosid (piceid) against Venturia inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab, was evaluated using a newly established test based on enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes (CMs) from apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves. The test substances resveratrol and piceid were either sorbed to CMs before inoculation with spores or were applied simultaneously with the Venturia inaequalis spores to the CMs, and their effect on germination, appressoria formation, and penetration was examined. Resveratrol had no influence on spore germination but a significant inhibiting effect on penetration when applied simultaneously as well as before. A percentage inhibition of 89.7 +/- 11.5 and 61.8 +/- 35.1 was observed for simultaneous and preapplication, respectively. The resveratrol glucoside piceid had a significant inhibitory effect on germination and completely inhibited penetration of the fungus at concentrations between 200 and 400 microg mL(-1) when applied simultaneously with the spores to the CMs. On piceid-enriched CM (preapplication), spores germinated but penetration was inhibited nearly completely (96.1 +/- 5.1%). Thus, in vitro experiments showed that resveratrol and its glucoside in fact could contribute to improving the pathogen resistance of apple leaves.  相似文献   

Feeding preferences among dark pigmented fungal taxa (“Dematiacea”) indicate limited trophic niche differentiation of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari)     

Katja Schneider  Mark Maraun 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(1):61-67

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Active immunisation against GnRH as treatment for unilateral granulosa theca cell tumour in mares     

Daphne Behrendt  Dominik Burger  Steffen Gremmes  Katja Szunyog  Selena Röthemeier  Harald Sieme 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(4):740-745

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Further insights into the characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells     

Raabe O  Shell K  Würtz A  Reich CM  Wenisch S  Arnhold S 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(6):355-365

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a promising subpopulation of adult stem cells for tissue engineering applications in veterinary medicine. In this study we focused on the morphological and molecular biological properties of the ADSCs. The expression of stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog and the surface markers CD90 and CD105 were detected using RT-PCR. ADSCs showed a proliferative potential and were capable of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Expression of Alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphoprotein (SPP1), Runx2 and osteocalcin (OC) mRNA were positive in osteogenic lineages and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (Pparγ2) mRNA was positive in adipogenic lineages. ADSCs show stem cell and surface marker profiles and differentiation characteristics that are similar to but distinct from other adult stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The availability of an easily accessible and reproducible cell source may greatly facilitate the development of stem cell based tissue engineering and therapies for regenerative equine medicine.  相似文献   

A spatial assessment of Culicoides spp. distribution and bluetongue disease risk areas in Austria     

Silbermayr K  Hackländer K  Doscher C  Koefer J  Fuchs K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(5-6):228-235

Bluetongue disease (BT) was introduced into Central Europe in the summer of 2006 and has since affected most European countries. In this study we analysed the distribution of the biting midge vector Culicoides spp. in Austria and modelled Bluetongue disease risk zones. Culicoides spp. abundance data was collected from weekly catches of 14 months from 54 trapping locations. The corresponding weather data mean temperature (p < 0.001), wind (p < 0.001), relative humidity (p = 0.019) and altitude (p = 0.059) were identified as predictors on Culicoides spp. distribution in a regression model (R 2.8.0). The majority of catches were detected at temperatures above 10 degrees C and at relative humidities between 65-80%. The point data of these parameters originating from 186 meteorological stations were interpolated using the Geostatistical Analyst Kriging tool (ESRI ArcGIS 9.3). To create seasonal risk maps we overlaid regions with optimal temperature and humidity conditions with domestic ruminants density data. Our results show that the summer season holds the greatest risk of a BT epidemic with 25.9% of the analysed area providing optimal conditions for vector abundance and 12.4% showing contact risk with ruminant hosts. This project (1) provides fundamental data on the Culicoides spp. distribution in Austria, (2) determines limiting climatic parameters on vector abundance and (3) identifies risk areas by including areas of possible host-parasite-interactions. These high-risk areas can subsequently be given special attention for precautionary monitoring and surveillance measures.  相似文献   

The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin     

Shaw RJ  Lamia KA  Vasquez D  Koo SH  Bardeesy N  Depinho RA  Montminy M  Cantley LC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5754):1642-1646

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