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21.
The number of Sustainable Green Ecosystem Council (SGEC) certified forests in Japan has increased in recent years. As such it is important to understand forest management certification within the context of corrective action requests (CARs) to assess sustainable forest management. This study analyzes trends in CARs issued through evaluations of SGEC certified forests in Japan as a function of certification body, forest zone, size of forest holdings, and forest ownership type. This study examined 86 certified forests in Japan using data from summary evaluations published by SGEC certification bodies in 2014. Forests in the northern zone tend to have more CARs assigned, as did larger forests and communally owned forests. For managers interested in maintaining sustainable forests, the findings suggest that they should focus on improving the following indicators: “training and instruction, such as the safety for forestry workers” (indicator 5.3), “to evaluate forest practices against the original plan and to assess their impacts, with proper monitoring” (indicator 7.1), “explicit and management policy of the important elements in the conservation of biological diversity”(indicator 2.2) and “protection of threatened species” (indicator 2.3). The results from this study suggest that certification bodies have different priorities in their certification assessments, as indicated by the varying number and types of CARs assigned. However, the findings also indicate that the factors affecting the assessment results may not be only the certification body issuing the assessments but also the forest zone, forest ownership type, and size of forest holdings. 相似文献
22.
Mitsutoshi Nagase Kazuhiko Maeta Tadanori Aimi Katsuaki Suginaka Tsutomu Morinaga 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):811-816
Nucleotide sequence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 3′-portion
of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene (rDNA) coding sequence were used to differentiate between flying fishes and other fishes
that are frequently used in ago-noyaki production. In this study, we successfully distinguished between flying fishes and the other fishes by combining amplified
DNA fragments with universally designed primers and digesting the PCR products with AfaI and MfeI restriction endonucleases. PCR-RFLP of 15 ago-noyaki, 2 noyaki, and 8 other processed flying-fish products were analyzed to authenticate flying-fish content among processed seafood products.
After digestion of the PCR products with both enzymes, we found that all ago-noyaki and processed flying fish products contained either two or three DNA fragments of ~200, 300, and 530 bp, and noyaki samples (which do not contain flying fish) contained only one fragment of ~530 bp. Here, we present a new procedure to confirm
the content of flying-fish meal in ago-noyaki. 相似文献
23.
With the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of an administrative guidance on the use of ruminant meat-and-bone meal in ruminant feed, effective from April 1996 to September 2001, we developed a model to simulate the evolution of the BSE epidemic and to estimate the BSE multiplication factor (K) in the Japanese dairy population. The output that provided the best fit to the number of BSE cases both observed and predicted to date suggest that the probability that bovine MBM was fed back to cattle was 14.2-75.2% and 0.129-0.570% during the periods from 1992 to April 1996 and from April 1996 to October 2001, respectively. Given these estimates, the value of K would have peaked in 1995 at 40-48 and then declined to 0.32-0.67 between 1997 and 2001. These results suggest that the administrative guidance was effective in reducing the amount of MBM fed to cattle by a factor of 104-141 and was perhaps enough to drive the epidemic towards extinction. 相似文献
24.
Nigel C. L. Kwan Mai Inoue Akio Yamada Katsuaki Sugiura 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(4):393-400
This study aimed to examine the habits of dog walking in Japan using an internet survey of insured dog owners. About 96.4% of the respondents (n = 1,151) reported that they would take their dogs for a walk and they most frequently walk their dogs once or twice a day (75.9%) for 30 min to 1 hr (83.1%). The probability of a companion dog having contact with other dogs during dog walking was estimated to be 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.85), and the associated daily contact rate was estimated using log‐normal distribution with a mean of 2.73 (95% CI: 2.42–3.11) and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.39 (95% CI: 5.18–7.84). Multiple linear regression revealed that the contact rate is mainly influenced by the social behaviour of the owner and to a lesser degree by his/her demographic characteristics including the area of residence, the breed size of dog and the age of the owner. In addition, ten Likert items measured on a 5‐point scale were designed to assess the practices towards potential cases of rabies among dog owners. The respondents (n = 972) achieved a mean score of 2.99 (out of a full score of 4) with a SD of 0.90 in responding to situations related to dog bite incidents and injury from stray cat scratches during dog walking. They achieved a higher score in responding to situations related to sighting a stray or wild animal during dog walking and situations related to non‐specific clinical signs of rabies and bite injuries from stray dogs or wild animals during dog walking with a mean of 3.70 (SD = 0.58) and 3.84 (SD = 0.34), respectively. The level of best practice was also proved to be significantly associated with the demographic characteristics of the dog owner. 相似文献
25.
Fujiko MinamiMakoto Nagai Mika ItoTatsuhiko Matsuda Hikaru TakaiYoshiko Jinkawa Takeshi ShimanoMichiko Hayashi Yoshihisa SekiYoshihiro Sakoda Katsuaki SugiuraHiroomi Akashi 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(1):35-39
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) field isolates show genetic and antigenic diversity. At least 14 subgenotypes of BVDV-1 and 4 of BVDV-2 have been identified in Artiodactyla worldwide. Of these, 6 subgenotypes of BVDV-1 and 1 of BVDV-2 have been isolated in Japan. Previously, we reported that each subgenotype virus expresses different antigenic characteristics. Here we investigated the reactivity of neutralizing antibodies against representative strains of Japanese BVDV subgenotypes using sera from 266 beef cattle to estimate the prevalence of this epidemic virus among cattle in Japan. Antibody titers at concentrations at least 4-fold higher than antibodies against other subgenotype viruses were considered subgenotype specific. Subgenotype-specific antibodies were detected from 117 (80.7%) of 145 sera samples (69.7% against BVDV-1a, 1.4% against BVDV-1b, 8.3% against BVDV-1c, and 1.4% against BVDV-2a). The results suggest that neutralization tests are useful in estimating currently epidemic subgenotypes of BVDV in the field. 相似文献
26.
Koichi Fujie Hong-Ying Hu Hajime Tanaka Kohei Urano Katsuaki Saitou Arata Katayama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):393-404
Method for the analysis of respiratory quinones in soil was developed to characterize soil microbiota. The respiratory quinones were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol using a Wahling blender or a sonicator and cleaned-up by a silicagel column cartridge. The quinone species were determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Spectra of peaks were measured with a photodiode array detector to examine the purity. More than 90% of extractable quinones in soil were recovered by three extractions. The recovery of quinones, added to soil as freeze-dried powder of microorganisms, was higher than 96%. This procedure led to higher representative results as follows. Fluctuations within 95% of cumulative frequency were 13% for the extracted amount of quinones and 20% for the dissimilarity, respectively. The quinone profiles of four soils were determined as follows: a soil from the aerobic layer of a paddy field, an ando soil and two yellow upland soils which had received chemical fertilizers with and without farmyard manure. The quinone profiles displayed clear differences in the microbial composition and in the microbial diversity among the soils. It was demonstrated that the analysis of the respiratory quinone profile was useful to characterize the microbial community structure in soil. 相似文献
27.
Keishi?MatsudaEmail author Shinsuke?Torisawa Tomonori?Hiraishi Katsuaki?Nashimoto Katsutaro?Yamamoto 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):1136-1142
ABSTRACT: In this study, the visual acuity, visual accommodation, and spectral sensitivity of the elkhorn sculpin were determined. The elkhorn sculpin Alcichthys alcicornis is a typical groundfish that has conspicuously large eyes. They are caught by bottom gillnets, trawl nets, bottom line angling, and other fishing methods. Although fish behavior arising from visual stimuli is important in these fishing methods, there is little information available regarding the visual sensitivity of the elkhorn sculpin . Three specimens, with total lengths of 300–310 mm, were studied. Visual acuity was calculated, from the maximum cone density in the retina, to be between 0.10 and 0.14. The minimum separable angles were calculated to be 7.14–10.37 min. Measurement of lens movement in five specimens indicated that the near-point distance was between 0.87 and 1.53 times the total length. Lens direction was estimated to be 11–22° in the downward visual axis. Spectral sensitivity was also determined electrophysiologically by recording S-potentials. Three types of response were obtained from 21 specimens, including L responses that showed hyperpolarization at all wavelengths of stimulating light, and two C responses that showed wavelength-dependent hyperpolarization and depolarization. Based on these results, the elkhorn sculpin has color vision and its sensitivity is most acute in light with a wavelength of 554 nm. 相似文献
28.
Yong Li Katsutaro Yamamoto Tomonori Hiraishi Katsuaki Nashimoto Hiroyuki Yoshino 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(4):821-828
ABSTRACT: Fish catch efficiency can vary with the design of the trap entrance. To clarify how trap entrance design affects catch efficiency, the responses of fish to different trap entrance designs with different inclination angles or funnel lengths were observed. The passing ratio (i.e. catch) increased and then decreased with increasing inclination angle. An inclination angle of 34° had the highest passing ratio of 43%; the lowest passing ratio was 8% at an angle of 53°. A significant difference in passing ratio was found between two entrance designs ( P = 0.006). There were significant differences in passing ratio for entrance designs with different funnel lengths ( P = 0.01). The highest passing ratio was 38% for a funnel length of 29 cm. The approach and passing durations were also compared among the trap entrance designs. The results suggest that modifying the entrance shape can significantly improve the catch efficiency. 相似文献
29.
We explore the organizational, environmental, and economic effects of sustainable forest management (FM) certification by Smart-Wood (SW), one of the certification bodies accredited by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to carry out certification in Japan. We closely investigated three enterprises: the Yusuhara Forest Owners’ Cooperative, Yamanashi Prefectural Forest, and Ryujin-mura Forest Owners’ Cooperative. Interviews with representatives of these entities provided crucial empirical information regarding the influence of certification on environmental assessment, rare-species protection, landscape-management planning, management objectives, and forest supervision. Attainment of FM status improved environmental awareness and engendered positive changes in assessing and managing forests and other natural resources but simultaneously imposed heavier economic costs. 相似文献
30.
Tanaka H Nakayama M Takase K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):431-433
A 9-month-old French bulldog was referred for signs of chronic large bowel diarrhea. The dog had an increased frequency of defecation, tenesmus and hematochezia. Flexible colonoscopy showed hyperemia, irregularities and ulcerations with multifocal hemorrhages in the mucosa from the descending colon to the proximal rectum. Multiple colonic biopsies were characterized by infiltrations of PAS positive histiocytes in the lamina propria. A diagnosis of histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC) was made, and the animal showed only minimal improvement, although it was treated with nutritional and medical therapies. This is the second case of HUC in French bulldog, a breed which has ancestral relations to Boxer dogs. 相似文献