Rupture of the Gastrocnemius Muscle in Neonatal Thoroughbred Foals: A Report of Three Cases     

Fumio SATO  Ryo SHIBATA  Mitsumori SHIKICHI  Katsumi ITO  Harutaka MURASE  Takanori UENO  Hidehumi FURUOKA  Kazutaka YAMADA 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(3):61-64

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Evidence of niche segregation between freshwater eels and conger eels in Kojima Bay, Japan     

Kenzo Kaifu  Michael J. Miller  Jun Aoyama  Izumi Washitani  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(4):593-603

The aim of this study was to examine the possible interspecific interactions between the freshwater eel Anguilla japonica and the marine conger eel Conger myriaster. Spatial distribution, foraging time, and diet were compared between 380 A. japonica and 221 C. myriaster juveniles in a large brackish water bay and a tributary river estuary. Almost no C. myriaster were caught in the estuary, but both species coexisted in the bay at similar densities. For both species, percentages of eels with stomach contents were greater in the morning than in the afternoon, indicating they forage at night. Both species mainly fed on benthic crustaceans in the bay, but the size of the main prey species, mud shrimp Upogebia major, was significantly larger in A. japonica. The difference in prey size appears to be related to the eel body size (A. japonica: 559.5 ± 88.0 mm, C. myriaster: 356.4 ± 56.0 mm), which probably reflects the differences in the life history-related movements of these eels, with A. japonica using the bay at large sizes and C. myriaster using the bay as a nursery area before moving to deeper water. The differences in their migratory and movement patterns may result in niche segregation in the brackish bay where both species coexist.  相似文献   

Involvement of sex steroids,luteinizing hormone and thyroid hormones in upstream and downstream swimming behavior of land-locked sockeye salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus nerka</Emphasis>     

Arimune Munakata  Masafumi Amano  Kazumasa Ikuta  Shoji Kitamura  Katsumi Aida 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(1):81-90

The involvement of testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E₂), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one (DHP), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroxine (T₄), and triiodothyronine (T₃) in the regulation of downstream and upstream movement (swimming behavior) was investigated in land-locked sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, using an artificial raceway. During the downstream migratory period, T implant resulted in high plasma T levels and inhibited the occurrence of downstream swimming behavior (negative rheotaxis) in yearling (1+) immature smolts. In terms of upstream behavior, 2-year-old (2+) males exhibited high plasma T and 11-KT levels, while 2+ females had elevated T and DHP levels. In 1+ immature fish, a T implant induced upstream swimming behavior (positive rheotaxis). In experiments 1 and 3, the plasma T₄ and T₃ levels of non-migrants tended to be higher than those of migrants. In contrast, no marked changes in plasma and pituitary LH were found in both downstream and upstream migrants. These results suggest that sex steroids, such as T, play significant roles in the regulation of downstream and upstream swimming behaviors in land-locked sockeye salmon.  相似文献   

Air temperature optimisation for humidity‐controlled cold storage of the predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)     

Noureldin Abuelfadl Ghazy  Takeshi Suzuki  Hiroshi Amano  Katsumi Ohyama 《Pest management science》2014,70(3):483-487

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Histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of a renal mesenchymal tumor in a young beagle dog     

Suzuki Y  Takaba K  Yamaguchi I  Myoujou K  Kimoto N  Ikegami H  Saeki K  Imaizumi M  Takada C 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):89-92

A 15-month-old male beagle dog used in a toxicity study had a primary renal mesenchymal tumor. Macroscopically, the tumor was a gray-white mass which was found in the right kidney, and extended from the capsule to a position slightly compressing the medulla. Microscopically, most of the tumor cells showed a myxoid pattern, in which the matrix was positive for alcian blue staining. In the other parts of the tumor, a fascicular and wavy pattern was observed, and the matrix was full of collagen fibrils. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin and fibronectin, and negative for cytokeratin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, Von Willebrand factor, cyclooxigenase-2 and myelin basic protein. As a result, we diagnosed this case to be a renal mesenchymal tumor. Based on the microscopic findings, interstitial characteristics and immunohistochemical features, the present case was classified as a congenital mesoblastic tumor.  相似文献   

Functional evaluation of horse chestnut seed and its application in the production of compounded paper for effective utilization of an untapped resource     

Tetsuya Takahashi  Yoko Tsurunaga  Werner F. Schmidt  Katsumi Yoshino 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(5):484-495

Many streets in Europe and the US are lined with horse chestnut trees. However, its fruit is inedible and poorly utilized. Therefore, its effective utilization has been a big issue. For recycling of horse chestnut seed, it was separated into “sarcocarp and endodermis” and “outer theca”; each part was finely ground for analysis of its functions. Ground horse chestnut seed showed excellent antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Antibacterial activity was particularly strong against E. coli, which is a Gram-negative bacterium. The “outer theca” part showed a higher antibacterial activity than did the “sarcocarp and endodermis” part. It was found that the polyphenol content of the “outer theca” of the horse chestnut fruit was approximately three times that of the “sarcocarp and endodermis”; these polyphenols are believed to play a role in the seed’s antioxidation capacity. The ground outer theca of horse chestnut seed showed oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of 531 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g. Antioxidant activity was assumed to contribute to the antibacterial activity. In other words, antioxidant activity was assumed to damage the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. For possible recycling of horse chestnut seed, compounded paper containing the ground outer theca blended with pulp fibers was prepared. In this study, compounded paper containing ground “outer theca” was prepared using a traditional Washi paper-making method. The compounded paper was found to retain high deodorizing activity of the ground theca. Furthermore, although mechanical properties deteriorated as the proportion of the ground outer theca increased, these parameters remained adequate for practical applications. The compounded paper may be expected to have a wide range of applications as a highly functional paper with high gas permeability, deodorant activity, and antibacterial activity.  相似文献   

Influence of temperature and feeding regimes on growth and notochord deformity in reared <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis> leptocephali     

Akihiro Okamura  Noriyuki Horie  Naomi Mikawa  Yoshiaki Yamada  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):505-512

The high mortality rate of reared Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae is largely due to lower growth rate and the higher rate of deformed larvae. To establish an effective rearing protocol for this species, we examined the effects of water temperature and feeding regimes on their growth and notochord kyphosis. Larvae at 165 days post hatching were reared for 28 days at mean temperatures of 24, 25 and 27 °C, and were fed 4 or 6 times per day. Larval growth rate was significantly higher in larvae reared at 24–25 °C and fed 6 times per day. However, growth rate was significantly reduced at 27 °C, suggesting a shortage of metabolic energy due to an elevated cost of the higher basal metabolic rate at higher temperatures and low nutritional performance of currently used artificial diet. Notochord kyphosis was promoted by elevated water temperature, and two-way ANOVA showed that water temperature and feeding frequency had combined effects on the deformity. These findings suggest the importance of concurrently manipulating both environmental and nutritional factors to produce healthy eel larvae in captivity.  相似文献   

Flavor enhancement of chicken broth from boiled celery constituents     

Kurobayashi Y  Katsumi Y  Fujita A  Morimitsu Y  Kubota K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(2):512-516

The flavor-enhancing effects of the volatile constituents in celery were investigated. The test samples were prepared by adding celery fractions to chicken broth at a concentration that distinct odors of them were not detected, and the samples were sensorially evaluated for the perceived intensities of 8 terms such as "thick," "impactful," "mild," "lasting," "satisfied," "complex," "refined," and "clarified," which are considered to be the elements of the complex flavor and for 3 terms such as "sweet," "salty," and "umami" taste. A comparison of effects between the volatile and nonvolatile fractions of celery revealed that the volatile compounds in celery enhanced the complex flavor of chicken broth more than the nonvolatile compounds. Among the characteristic odorants of celery, three phthalides, namely, sedanenolide, 3- n-butylphthalide, and sedanolide, were shown to contribute to the complex flavor of chicken broth, and sedanenolide was most effective. The three phthalides enhanced perceived intensities of "umami" and "sweet" despite their no taste properties in addition to the complex flavor.  相似文献   

Response of transgenic cucumber expressing a rice class I chitinase gene to two fungal pathogens with different infectivities     

Kyutaro?Kishimoto  Masami?Nakajima  Yoko?Nishizawa  Yutaka?Tabei  Tadaaki?Hibi  Katsumi?AkutsuEmail author 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(6):358-363

A transgenic cucumber line (CR32) over-expressing the rice class I chitinase gene exhibited resistance to Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) but not to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). The infection behavior of these fungi on CR32 and nontransgenic plants was examined with an optical microscope. In zoosporangia of P. nicotianae var. parasitica, the rates of germination and penetration on leaves of both CR32 and nontransgenic plants were almost equal. After infection, however, the growth of infection hyphae was markedly suppressed in CR32 compared with their growth in the nontransgenic plants. In F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, the infection hyphae localized in petiole vessels of both CR32 and nontransgenic plants, and growth did not differ in the two plants. We investigated the antifungal activity of a high-molecular-weight fraction (HF) and a low-molecular-weight fraction (LF) of crude leaf extracts from CR32 and from the nontransgenic line. CR32 HF, which included the rice chitinase, had antifungal activity only against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. In contrast, CR32 LF, which did not have the rice chitinase, had strong antifungal activity against the two fungi. These results suggested that a low-molecular-weight antifungal substance(s) was induced in CR32 and might function as a factor of resistance to P. nicotianae var. parasitica, which has cell walls that almost never contain chitin. Because rice chitinase has already been demonstrated not to localize in vessels of CR32, the infection localization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in vessels might enable the fungus to avoid antifungal substance(s), resulting in Fusarium wilt in transgenic cucumber.  相似文献   

Distribution of the Consensus Sequences of ABC Transporter Gene among Several Taxonomically Distinct Phytopathogenic Fungi     

Young-Jin LEE  Hiroshi HAMAMOTO  Ryoji NAKAUNE  Osamu NAWATA  Yoshiyuki MAKIZUMI  Katsumi AKUTSU  Tadaaki HIBI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):106-110

The distribution of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter genes among several taxonomically distinct phytopathogenic fungi was investigated by Southern blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction assays and partial sequencing. Consensus sequences of the ABC transporter gene, which might be concerned with multidrug resistance against fungicides and with pathogenicity in phytopathogenic fungi, were found in all of the examined phytopathogenic fungi, which belonged to the Mastigomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina. Received 24 August 2000/ Accepted in revised form 5 December 2000  相似文献