n-3 Fatty acids, hypertension and risk of cognitive decline among older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Beydoun MA  Kaufman JS  Sloane PD  Heiss G  Ibrahim J 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(1):17-29

OBJECTIVE: Recent research indicates that n-3 fatty acids can inhibit cognitive decline, perhaps differentially by hypertensive status. DESIGN: We tested these hypotheses in a prospective cohort study (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). Dietary assessment using a food-frequency questionnaire and plasma fatty acid exposure by gas chromatography were completed in 1987-1989 (visit 1), while cognitive assessment with three screening tools--the Delayed Word Recall Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Word Fluency Test (WFT)--was completed in 1990-1992 (visit 2) and 1996-1998 (visit 4). Regression calibration and simulation extrapolation were used to control for measurement error in dietary exposures. SETTING: Four US communities--Forsyth County (North Carolina), Jackson (Mississippi), suburbs of Minneapolis (Minnesota) and Washington County (Maryland). SUBJECTS: Men and women aged 50-65 years at visit 1 with complete dietary data (n = 7814); white men and women in same age group in the Minnesota field centre with complete plasma fatty acid data (n = 2251). RESULTS: Findings indicated that an increase of one standard deviation in dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids (% of energy intake) and balancing long-chain n-3/n-6 decreased the risk of 6-year cognitive decline in verbal fluency with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.79 (0.66-0.95) and 0.81 (0.68-0.96), respectively, among hypertensives. An interaction with hypertensive status was found for dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids (g day-1) and WFT decline (likelihood ratio test, P = 0.06). This exposure in plasma cholesteryl esters was also protective against WFT decline, particularly among hypertensives (OR = 0.51, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: One implication from our study is that diets rich in fatty acids of marine origin should be considered for middle-aged hypertensive subjects. To this end, randomised clinical trials are needed.  相似文献   

Red blood cell volume of the pig fetus     

A A MacDonald  B D Payne  L Kaufman  M A Heymann  A M Rudolph 《Research in veterinary science》1987,42(1):7-11

A non-radioactive fluorescent excitation analysis technique was used to measure total red blood cell volume in 31 unanaesthetised pig fetuses in utero. Red blood cell volume (y in ml) was closely related (r = 0.94) to fetal bodyweight (x in g): where y = 2.92 + 0.0291x. Average red blood cell volume was 34 +/- 1 ml kg-1 fetal bodyweight. Average estimated (total) blood volume was 117 +/- 3 ml kg-1 fetal bodyweight. It was concluded that this non-radioactive indicator dilution measurement of red blood cell volume is a significant advance over the established 51Cr method, and that measurement of red blood cell volume may be used to estimate fetal bodyweight in utero.  相似文献   

Use of rocuronium for endotracheal intubation of North American Gulf Coast box turtles     

Kaufman GE  Seymour RE  Bonner BB  Court MH  Karas AZ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(8):1111-1115

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether rocuronium, a reversible neuromuscular blocking agent, would provide safe, short-term immobilization to facilitate endotracheal intubation in turtles. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 30 healthy adult Gulf Coast box turtles. PROCEDURE: Turtles were given rocuronium, and responses were recorded every 3 minutes. Times to onset of effects, intubation, and recovery were recorded and analyzed for associations with dose and patient characteristics to determine an optimal dose range. Neostigmine and glycopyrrolate were given to augment recovery from neuromuscular blockade. RESULTS: Rocuronium administered at a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg (0.11 to 0.23 mg/lb), IM, permitted intubation; lower doses were not effective. Mean +/- SD time to loss of the palpebral reflex was 6.4 +/- 4.0 minutes, and mean time to intubation was 9.2 +/- 6.4 minutes. Mean time to return of the palpebral reflex was 44 +/- 13.2 minutes, and mean time to walking was 55 +/- 16.6 minutes. Time to onset of effects was not associated with dose, but recovery times were prolonged with higher doses of rocuronium. Cardiac arrhythmias were observed in 13 (43%) turtles. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of rocuronium at a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg is a safe and effective adjunct to general anesthesia in Gulf Coast box turtles. Because rocuronium does not provide any analgesic or sedative effects, the duration of neuromuscular blockade without anesthesia should be minimized to avoid undue distress.  相似文献   

Symposium on equine medicine. Pediatric medicine     

W C Kaufman 《The Veterinary clinics of North America》1973,3(2):251-254

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Using environmental factors to predict Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Acari: Ixodidae) mortality     

Yuexun Tian  Cynthia C. Lord  Caitlin E. Taylor  Phillip E. Kaufman 《Pest management science》2023,79(9):3043-3049

Background

Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Latreille, 1806) can establish indoor populations, which increases the risk of pathogen transmission to humans and companion dogs. Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. ticks spend most of their life cycle off the host, which subjects developmental timescale to abiotic factors. Previous studies showed that both temperature and relative humidity (RH) influenced Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. survival time across all life stages. However, quantified relationships between environmental factors and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. mortality is not currently available. Here, three Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. strains were evaluated for mortality under 20 combinations of five temperatures and four RHs. The data obtained were analyzed to quantify the relationship between environmental factors and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. survival.

Results

Mortality probabilities did not show a consistent pattern between the three tick strains. Temperature, RH, and their interaction influenced Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. mortality probabilities across all life stages, with mortality probability generally increasing with temperature but decreasing with RH. With 50% and lower RH, larvae cannot survive for more than 1 week. However, mortality probabilities in all strains and stages were more sensitive to temperature than to RH.

Conclusion

This study identified the predictive relationship between environmental factors and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. survival, which enables estimations of tick survival time under varied residential situations, allows parameterization of population models, and provides guidance for pest control professionals to develop efficient management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

The role of sand lances (Ammodytes sp.) in the Northwest Atlantic Ecosystem: A synthesis of current knowledge with implications for conservation and management     

Michelle D. Staudinger  Holly Goyert  Justin J. Suca  Kaycee Coleman  Linda Welch  Joel K. Llopiz  David Wiley  Irit Altman  Andew Applegate  Peter Auster  Hannes Baumann  Julia Beaty  Deirdre Boelke  Les Kaufman  Pam Loring  Jerry Moxley  Suzanne Paton  Kevin Powers  David Richardson  Jooke Robbins  Jeffrey Runge  Brian Smith  Caleb Spiegel  Halley Steinmetz 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(3):522-556

The American sand lance (Ammodytes americanus, Ammodytidae) and the Northern sand lance (A. dubius, Ammodytidae) are small forage fishes that play an important functional role in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA). The NWA is a highly dynamic ecosystem currently facing increased risks from climate change, fishing and energy development. We need a better understanding of the biology, population dynamics and ecosystem role of Ammodytes to inform relevant management, climate adaptation and conservation efforts. To meet this need, we synthesized available data on the (a) life history, behaviour and distribution; (b) trophic ecology; (c) threats and vulnerabilities; and (d) ecosystem services role of Ammodytes in the NWA. Overall, 72 regional predators including 45 species of fishes, two squids, 16 seabirds and nine marine mammals were found to consume Ammodytes. Priority research needs identified during this effort include basic information on the patterns and drivers in abundance and distribution of Ammodytes, improved assessments of reproductive biology schedules and investigations of regional sensitivity and resilience to climate change, fishing and habitat disturbance. Food web studies are also needed to evaluate trophic linkages and to assess the consequences of inconsistent zooplankton prey and predator fields on energy flow within the NWA ecosystem. Synthesis results represent the first comprehensive assessment of Ammodytes in the NWA and are intended to inform new research and support regional ecosystem‐based management approaches.  相似文献   

Placing the food system on the urban agenda: The role of municipal institutions in food systems planning     

Kameshwari Pothukuchi  Jerome L. Kaufman 《Agriculture and Human Values》1999,16(2):213-224

Food issues are generally regarded as agricultural and rural issues. The urban food system is less visible than such other systems as transportation, housing, employment, or even the environment. The reasons for its low visibility include the historic process by which issues and policies came to be defined as urban; the spread of processing, refrigeration, and transportation technology together with cheap, abundant energy that rendered invisible the loss of farmland around older cities; and the continuing institutional separation of urban and rural policy. Despite its low visibility, the urban food system nonetheless contributes significantly to community health and welfare; to metropolitan economies; connects to other urban systems such as housing, transportation, land use, and economic development; and impacts the urban environment. We examine existing or potential city institutions that could offer a more comprehensive look at the urban food system. These include the city department of food, the food policy council, and the city-planning department.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature on black spot in Long Island and Red River Valley potatoes     

James S. Wiant  Herbert Findlen  J. Kaufman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1951,28(11):753-765

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Smoke and pollution aerosol effect on cloud cover   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kaufman YJ  Koren I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5787):655-658

Pollution and smoke aerosols can increase or decrease the cloud cover. This duality in the effects of aerosols forms one of the largest uncertainties in climate research. Using solar measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network sites around the globe, we show an increase in cloud cover with an increase in the aerosol column concentration and an inverse dependence on the aerosol absorption of sunlight. The emerging rule appears to be independent of geographical location or aerosol type, thus increasing our confidence in the understanding of these aerosol effects on the clouds and climate. Preliminary estimates suggest an increase of 5% in cloud cover.  相似文献   

Effect of aerosolized bacterial lysate on development of naturally occurring respiratory disease in beef calves     

Laura L. Bassel  Emily I. Kaufman  Sarah‐Nicole A. Alsop  Jordan Buchan  Joanne Hewson  Erin E. McCandless  Raksha Tiwari  Shayan Sharif  Ksenia Vulikh  Jeff L. Caswell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):655-665

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