Smoke and pollution aerosol effect on cloud cover   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kaufman YJ  Koren I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5787):655-658

Pollution and smoke aerosols can increase or decrease the cloud cover. This duality in the effects of aerosols forms one of the largest uncertainties in climate research. Using solar measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network sites around the globe, we show an increase in cloud cover with an increase in the aerosol column concentration and an inverse dependence on the aerosol absorption of sunlight. The emerging rule appears to be independent of geographical location or aerosol type, thus increasing our confidence in the understanding of these aerosol effects on the clouds and climate. Preliminary estimates suggest an increase of 5% in cloud cover.  相似文献   

Uranium disequilibrium in groundwater: an isotope dilution approach in hydrologic investigations     

J K Osmond  H S Rydell  M I Kaufman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,162(857):997-999

The distribution and environmental disequilibrium patterns of naturally occurring uranium isotopes (U(234) and U(238)) in waters of the Floridan aquifer suggest that variations in the ratios of isotopic activity and concentrations can be used quantitatively to evaluate mixing proportions of waters from differing sources. Uranium is probably unique in its potential for this approach, which seems to have general usefulness in hydrologic investigations.  相似文献   

The effect of raloxifene on coronary arteries in aged ovariectomized ewes     

Gaynor JS  Monnet E  Selzman C  Parker D  Kaufman L  Bryant HU  Mallinckrodt C  Wrigley R  Whitehill T  Turner AS 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2000,23(3):175-179

BACKGROUND: Ovariectomized sheep are a useful model of postmenopausal osteoporosis and other postmenopausal conditions. Estrogen may have a protective effect on the coronary arteries in postmenopausal women. The effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, on coronary arteries in aged ovariectomized ewes was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty eight aged ewes were randomly assigned to undergo sham surgery (Sham, n = 7), ovariectomy (OVX, n = 10), ovariectomy with estradiol supplementation (OVXE, n = 8), ovariectomy with raloxifene supplementation, 0.02 mg/kg per day (RAL1, n = 10), or ovariectomy with raloxifene supplementation, 0.10 mg/kg per day (RAL2, n = 13). Contrast coronary angiography was performed 6 months after intervention. Diameters of the right main and left anterior descending coronary arteries in the RAL1, RAL2 and Sham groups were not different from each other, but were significantly greater than the OVX and OVXE groups. Intracoronary nitroglycerin did not affect the relationships of the diameters in any group. There were no differences in vascular remodeling between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that raloxifene in this sheep model allows greater dilation of coronary arteries than estrogen. Raloxifene may provide a significant protective functional effect on coronary arteries in postmenopausal heart disease.  相似文献   

Evidence of genome segment 5 reassortment in bluetongue virus field isolates.     

C C de Mattos  C A de Mattos  B I Osburn  M Ianconescu  R Kaufman 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(11):1794-1798

A recombinant cDNA probe from genome segment 5 obtained from a virulent US bluetongue virus strain (BTV-11 strain UC8) was hybridized to US and Israeli BTV prototypes and field isolates. The cloned genetic probe hybridized with US BTV prototype 10, but not with US prototypes 2, 11, 13, and 17; with the avirulent BTV-11 strain UC2; and with the Israeli prototype 10. When the probe was hybridized to field isolates from the US serotypes, it hybridized to 12 of 14 BTV-10 isolates and 4 of 17 BTV-11 samples, but not to the BTV-13 and BTV-17 samples tested. Hybridization was not observed with the Israeli field isolates studied. Results indicate that a reassortant event occurred between a strain of US BTV-10 and US BTV-11 that originated the BTV-11 strain UC8.  相似文献   

Detection of bluetongue virus serogroup by polymerase chain reaction.     

G Y Akita  J Chinsangaram  B I Osburn  M Ianconescu  R Kaufman 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1992,4(4):400-405

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China and AIDS--the time to act is now     

Kaufman J  Jing J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5577):2339-2340

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Blastomycosis in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M B Cates  L Kaufman  J H Grabau  J M Pletcher  J P Schroeder 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,189(9):1148-1150

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Cultural and histopathologic confirmation of canine blastomycosis diagnosed by an agar-gel immunodiffusion test     

W E Phillips  L Kaufman 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(8):1263-1265

Sixteen sera from 17 dogs with blastomycosis produced a precipitin band identical with the diagnostically significant precipitin A band formed by a Blastomyces dermatitidis reference antiserum and a soluble B dermatitidis yeast-form antigen in the agar-gel immunodiffusion test (94% sensitivity). The other serum from a dog with histopathologic demonstration of B dermatitidis in pulmonic tissues produced an unrelated precipitin band. Sixteen of the 17 diagnoses made by the detection of precipitin A were confirmed by isolation and culture of B dermatitidis or by histopathologic demonstration of the pathogen. Three cases were confirmed by cultural isolation only, 10 by histopathologic demonstration only, and 3 by both. In three other dogs given amphotericin B, there were demonstrable changes in serum precipitin A reactions.  相似文献   

Histoplasmosis in two badgers (Meles meles) in northern Germany]     

P Wohlsein  B Bauder  E S Kuttin  L Kaufman  F Seeliger  M von Keyserlingk 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,108(6):273-276

An infection with Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in two wild badgers (Meles meles) in northern Germany, which was predominantly localized in the skin and the regional lymph nodes. The yeast-like fungi were identified in tissue sections using histological and immunohistological methods.  相似文献   

Pancreatic beta cell tumor in a ferret     

J Kaufman  P Schwarz  K Mero 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(9):998-1000

A ferret with clinical and laboratory signs of hypoglycemia was found at surgery to have a beta cell tumor of the pancreas. There had been recurrent episodes of weakness, ataxia, dehydration, and hypothermia. A fasting blood glucose content was 43 mg/dl and the amended insulin/glucose ratio was 362.5. The tumor was removed, yet hypoglycemia persisted postoperatively. Clinical signs related to hypoglycemia did not recur following application of medical treatment and frequent feedings. The histologic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that which has been seen in other species.  相似文献