A comparative assessment of culture and serology in the diagnosis of brucellosis in dairy cattle     

D. O’Grady  W. Byrne  P. Kelleher  H. O’Callaghan  K. Kenny  T. Heneghan  S. Power  J. Egan  F. Ryan 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(3):370-375

To investigate the usefulness of culture for the confirmation of brucellosis in cattle, a comparison of culture and serology was undertaken on 248 animals in four dairy herds where the disease was active. Paired supramammary (SM), retropharyngeal (RP), and internal iliac (IL) lymph nodes were cultured, and five serological tests were deployed: the microserum agglutination test (MSAT), complement fixation test (CFT), the indirect (iELISA) and competitive ELISA, and the fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA). Brucella abortus was isolated from 86.8% of animals on combined culture of all three lymph nodes. Individually, the highest isolation rate was from the RP (90.5% of culture positives). Of culture positive animals, 13.7% and 6.2% were positive from the RP and SM alone, respectively.Approximately half of the positive cultures yielded <10 colonies/culture plate. Although 80.9% of animals were positive in at least one serological test, only 45.2% were positive in all five. For culture-positive animals, the MSAT was the most sensitive test (71.8%). Of the culture-negative animals 67.7% were positive in at least one test, while 12.9% were positive in all five. Titres were higher in animals culture-positive from the SM, and there was a direct correlation between higher titres and higher colony counts in SM cultures. Only 8.9% of animals were both culture-negative and seropositive (in at least one test), while 16.5% were culture-positive and seronegative in all five tests. The results highlight and validate the sensitivity of bacteriological culture in confirming a diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. While the MSAT and FPA were the most sensitive serological tests, a significant percentage of infected animals were undetectable using these standard serological assays.  相似文献   

Collection and short-term preservation of semen from free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus: Macropodidae)     

SD JOHNSTON  D. BLYDE  J. GAMBLE  D. HIGGINS  H. FIELD  J. COOPER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(9):648-651

Objectives To evaluate electro-ejaculation of free-range eastern grey kangaroos in the field and assess the efficacy of four diluents to preserve sperm motility over a 48-h period at 5°C.
Procedure and design Under gaseous anaesthesia, 25 free-range kangaroos were electro-ejaculated and characteristics of the ejaculate noted. Spermatozoa obtained from eight ejaculates were diluted in phosphate buffered saline containing various combinations of egg yolk and glucose and refrigerated at 5°C for 48 h.
Results Spermatozoa were recovered from 24 of 28 ejaculates. Mean (± SEM) semen volume (mL) and pH were 25.0 ± 1.9 and 7.1 ± 0.1 respectively. The forward motility (%), rate of movement of sperm (0 to 5) and sperm concentration (x 10⁶/mL) were 77.4 ± 1.5, 3.8 ± 0.9 and 31.2 ± 7.3 respectively. There was no significant difference between the four diluents in their ability to maintain forward motility of spermatozoa over 48 h. However, rate of movement over the same period was significantly (P < 0.01) improved when sperm were diluted in phosphate buffered saline containing 10% egg yolk.
Conclusions Electro-ejaculation is a safe and reliable method for collecting semen from free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos. Preliminary attempts at short-term preservation showed that the motility of kangaroo spermatozoa could be adequately stored for 24 h and that the addition of egg yolk to the semen diluent was beneficial for improving the rate of sperm movement.  相似文献   

A simplified fluorescence inhibition test for the serotype determination of Australian bluetongue viruses     

SD BLACKSELL  RA LUNT 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(1):33-34

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Use of Physiologic and Arterial Blood Gas Variables to Predict Short‐Term Survival in Horses with Large Colon Volvulus     

Maureen E. Kelleher DVM  Robert J. Brosnan DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVA  Philip H. Kass DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM  Sarah S. le Jeune DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(1):107-113

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The use of isoflurane to anaesthetise koalas (Phascolarctus cinereus)     

MR McGOWAN  SD JOHNSTON  A. TRIBE  L. VAN  HENSBROEK FN CARRICK 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(12):472-473

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Isolation of avian paramyxoviruses from sentinel ducks and turkeys in Minnesota   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C J Kelleher  D A Halvorson  J A Newman  D A Senne 《Avian diseases》1985,29(2):400-407

In a 4-year study (1980-1983) involving the use of sentinel ducks that intermingled with wild ducks, a total of 98 paramyxovirus (PMV) isolates (84 Newcastle disease virus, 14 PMV-6) were obtained from 3652 sentinel duck cloacal samples (2.7% isolation rate) collected between June and mid-November each year. PMV infection of sentinel ducks appeared to be seasonal, with the onset of infection occurring between mid-July and mid-August. PMV was not isolated from sentinel turkeys that co-mingled with sentinel ducks during the last 2 years of the study. However, there was serological evidence that the sentinel turkeys were infected with PMV. These findings indicate that wild waterfowl are a natural reservoir of PMV and suggest that interspecies transmission of certain PMV serotypes may occur between waterfowl and turkeys.  相似文献   

Effect of Cryopreservation on the Sperm DNA Fragmentation Dynamics of the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)          下载免费PDF全文

MJ Sánchez‐Calabuig  C López‐Fernández  SD Johnston  D Blyde  J Cooper  K Harrison  J de la Fuente  J Gosálvez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):227-235

Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the major causes of infertility; the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) evaluates this parameter and offers the advantage of species‐specific validated protocol and ease of use under field conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics in both fresh and post‐thaw bottlenose dolphin sperm using the SCDt following different cryopreservation protocols to gain new information about the post‐thaw differential sperm DNA longevity in this species. Fresh and cryopreserved semen samples from five bottlenose dolphins were examined for sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics using the SCDt (Halomax^®). Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed immediately at collection and following cryopreservation (T0) and then after 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation at 37°C. Serially collected ejaculates from four dolphins were frozen using different cryopreservation protocols in a TES‐TRIS‐fructose buffer (TTF), an egg‐yolk‐free vegetable lipid LP1 buffer (LP1) and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Fresh ejaculated spermatozoa initially showed low levels of DNA fragmentation for up to 48 h. Lower Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was found in the second fresh ejaculate compared to the first when more than one sample was collected on the same day (p < 0.05); this difference was not apparent in any other seminal characteristic. While there was no difference observed in SDF between fresh and frozen–thawed sperm using the different cryopreservation protocols immediately after thawing (T0), frozen–thawed spermatozoa incubated at 37°C showed an increase in the rate of SDF after 24 h. Sperm frozen in the LP1^? buffer had higher levels (p < 0.05) of DNA fragmentation after 24‐ and 48‐h incubation than those frozen in TTF or HSPM. No correlation was found between any seminal characteristic and DNA fragmentation in either fresh and/or frozen–thawed samples.  相似文献   

Epidemic of blindness in kangaroos - evidence of a viral aetiology     

PT HOOPER  RA LUNT  AR GOULD  AD HYATT  GM RUSSELL  JA KATTENBELT  SD BLACKSELL  LA REDDACLIFF  PD KIRKLAND  RJ DAVIS  PJK DURHAM  AL BISHOP  J WADDINGTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(8):529-536

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of an epidemic of blindness in kangaroos. DESIGN AND PROCEDURES: Laboratory examinations were made of eyes and brains of a large number of kangaroos using serological, virological, histopathological, electron microscopical, immunohistochemical methods, and PCR with cDNA sequencing. In addition, potential insect viral vectors identified during the disease outbreak were examined for specific viral genomic sequences. SAMPLE POPULATION: For histopathological analysis, 55 apparently blind and 18 apparently normal wild kangaroos and wallabies were obtained from New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. A total of 437 wild kangaroos and wallabies (including 23 animals with apparent blindness) were examined serologically. RESULTS: Orbiviruses of the Wallal and Warrego serogroups were isolated from kangaroos affected with blindness in a major epidemic in south-eastern Australia in 1994 and 1995 and extending to Western Australia in 1995/96. Histopathological examinations showed severe degeneration and inflammation in the eyes, and mild inflammation in the brains. In affected retinas, Wallal virus antigen was detected by immunohistochemical analysis and orbiviruses were seen in electron microscopy. There was serological variation in the newly isolated Wallal virus from archival Wallal virus that had been isolated in northern Australia. There were also variations of up to 20% in genotype sequence from the reference archival virus. Polymerase chain reactions showed that Wallal virus was present during the epidemic in three species of midges, Culicoides austropalpalis, C dycei and C marksi. Wallal virus nucleic acid was also detected by PCR in a paraffin-embedded retina taken from a blind kangaroo in 1975. CONCLUSION: Wallal virus and perhaps also Warrego virus are the cause of the outbreak of blindness in kangaroos. Other viruses may also be involved, but the evidence in this paper indicates a variant of Wallal virus, an orbivirus transmitted by midges, has the strongest aetiological association, and immunohistochemical analysis implicates it as the most damaging factor in the affected eyes.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of quorum sensing and strategies for quorum sensing disruption in aquaculture pathogens          下载免费PDF全文

J Zhao  M Chen  CS Quan  SD Fan 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(9):771-786

In many countries, infectious diseases are a considerable threat to aquaculture. The pathogenicity of micro‐organisms that infect aquaculture systems is closely related to the release of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms, both of which are regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, QS disruption is a potential strategy for preventing disease in aquaculture systems. QS inhibitors (QSIs) not only inhibit the expression of virulence‐associated genes but also attenuate the virulence of aquaculture pathogens. In this review, we discuss QS systems in important aquaculture pathogens and focus on the relationship between QS mechanisms and bacterial virulence in aquaculture. We further elucidate QS disruption strategies for targeting aquaculture pathogens. Four main types of QSIs that target aquaculture pathogens are discussed based on their mechanisms of action.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics,clinical efficacy and safety of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness     

Melissa A. Mercer  Jennifer L. Davis  Harold C. McKenzie  Christopher R. Byron  Maureen E. Kelleher  Lauren Trager  Thomas E. Cecere  Katie E. Wilson  R. M. Council-Troche  Stephen R. Werre 《Equine veterinary journal》2024,56(1):202-214

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