Potential of meat meal to replace fish meal in extruded dry diets for barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). II. Organoleptic characteristics and fatty acid composition     

Kevin C Williams  Brian D Paterson  Christopher G Barlow †  Anne Ford  & Robert Roberts 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(1):33-42

The organoleptic quality of barramundi fed for 66 days on pelleted diets containing varying amounts of fish meal and meat meal was determined in two experiments (E1 and E2). Each compared four diets: a 430 g kg^?1 crude protein (CP) control diet (containing 35% Chilean anchovy fish meal); two diets containing high inclusions (40% or more) of meat meal; and a proprietary barramundi diet. In E1, the two meat meal diets contained 10% Chilean fish meal whereas the two meat meal diets in E2 had no marine protein ingredients. Panellists identified and rated the colour of flesh, and scored odour, flavour and texture characteristics and overall liking on structured graphic line scales (0–100). Fish fed the high‐meat meal diets were sweeter and firmer than those fed the high‐fish meal control diet in E1 (P < 0.05). Scores for fishy flavour were also highest for the meat meal diets and lowest for the proprietary diet. In both E1 and E2, scores were high (> 60) for overall liking and low (< 10) for undesirable odours and tastes. Exclusion of all sources of marine protein from the diet in E2 did not detract from the sensory value of the fish. The influence of diet on the fatty acid profile of the fish was examined in E2. Compared with fish fed the control diet, the neutral lipid fraction of those fed the meat meal diets had higher proportions of saturated and short‐chain monounsaturated fatty acids at the expense of longer chain fatty acids, especially 22:6n‐3. Polar lipids showed only subtle dietary effects, which were confined to the long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids.  相似文献   

植物性饲料添加剂及其在蛋鸡养殖中的应用     

张博  王新建 《饲料工业》2013,(12)

通常情况下,相比肉鸡和种鸡养殖,蛋鸡养殖中存在饲料水平相对较差、饲养环节中疾病较多等问题。近些年来,随着食品安全和饲料安全理念为更多的人所关注,在蛋鸡饲料生产中新技术和新产品的应用层出不穷,植物性饲料添加剂（Phytogenic Feed Additives,PFA）即是其中新兴的一类。随着生产实践发展的要求,需要正确和合理地选择使用植物性饲料添加剂。文中就植物性饲料添加剂在海兰褐蛋鸡养殖中的实际应用进行验证,以实际生产的实践数据为在海兰褐蛋鸡养殖中合理使用PFA提供基础数据。  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in fetal sheep and pregnant ewes     

Evelyn E. MacKay  Kevin E. Washburn  Ashley L. Padgett  Virginia R. Fajt  Chih‐Ping Lo  Travis P. Mays  Shannon E. Washburn 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(4):373-379

Macrolides are important antimicrobials frequently used in human and veterinary medicine in the treatment of pregnant women and pregnant livestock. They may be useful for the control of infectious ovine abortion, which has economic, animal health, and human health impacts. In this study, catheters were surgically placed in the fetal vasculature and amnion of pregnant ewes at 115 (±2) days of gestation. Ewes were given a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin subcutaneously, and drug concentrations were determined in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic fluid at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144, and 288 hr after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters in maternal plasma were estimated using noncompartmental analysis and were similar to those previously reported in nonpregnant ewes. Tulathromycin was present in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid, indicating therapeutic potential for use against organisms in these compartments, though concentrations were lower than those in maternal plasma. Time‐course of drug concentrations in the fetus was quite different than that in the ewe, with plasma concentrations reaching a plateau at 4 hr and remaining at this concentration for the remainder of the sampling period (288 hr), raising questions about how tulathromycin may be transported into or metabolized and eliminated by the fetus.  相似文献   

Itraconazole for the Treatment of Histoplasmosis in Cats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ronald D. Hodges  Alfred M. Legendre DVM  MS    Larry G. Adams  Michael D. Willard  Roger P. Pitts  Kevin Monce  Conya C. Needels  Heidi Ward 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(6):409-413

Eight cats with histoplasmosis were treated with itraconazole at 5 mg/kg per dose PO bid. There were multiple sites of infection, and 2 of the cats had hypercalcemia that was attributed to the histoplasmosis. All 8 cats were eventually cured, but 2 cats experienced recurrences of disease after completion of therapy, requiring 2 to 3 additional months of itraconazole. There were no clinically relevant adverse effects during treatment. Although a limited number of cats were treated, the study suggests that itraconazole is a well-tolerated and effective drug for the treatment of histoplasmosis in the cat.  相似文献   

Effects of supplemental Bermuda grass hay or corn on intake, digestion and performance of cattle consuming endophyte-infected fescue     

S R Stokes  A L Goetsch  H H Nejad  G Murphy  A L Jones  S Mashburn  K W Beers  Z B Johnson  E L Piper 《Journal of animal science》1988,66(1):204-212

Effects of supplemental Bermuda grass hay (BG) or ground corn on intake, digestion and performance of cattle consuming endophyte-infected fescue (I) were studied. In Exp. 1, a Latin square study, five growing Holstein steers (158.1 kg) consumed I ad libitum and were offered 0, .3, .6, .9 or 1.2% body weight (BW) of BG daily. Total dry matter (DM) intake rose linearly (P less than .05) with increasing BG, although intake was numerically similar with .6, .9 and 1.2% BW of BG. Digestibility was constant with diet (P greater than .10). Six growing Holstein steers used in Exp. 2, a Latin square with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, ingested I or noninfected (NI) fescue hay ad libitum with 0, .5 or 1.0% BW of ground corn. Total DM intake increased linearly as the level of corn rose (P less than .05). Total intake with I increased more with the first than with the second addition of corn, and the opposite occurred with NI (interaction between fescue infection and the quadratic effect of corn level, P less than .10). Organic matter digested (g/d) was greater for NI than for I and rose linearly with increasing corn ingestion (P less than .05). Ninety-six crossbred beef heifers and steers (184.2 kg avg initial live weight) were used in a 77-d fall grazing experiment (Exp. 3) with a 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangement. Cattle grazed I or NI paddocks and were given no supplement or .34% BW of BG or .65% BW of ground corn on a daily basis (DM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Lens extraction by phacoemulsification in two raptors     

T J Kern  C J Murphy  R C Riis 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(11):1403-1406

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Clinical signs, laboratory changes and toxicokinetics of brodifacoum in the horse.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

H J Boermans  I Johnstone  W D Black    M Murphy 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1991,55(1):21-27

Six horses gavaged with a commercial brodifacoum (BDF)-containing bait (Talone) at a dosage of 0.125 mg of BDF/kg of body weight showed weight loss, severe hypocoagulability and hemogram alterations. Four of the horses became depressed and anorectic; one required vitamin K1 therapy. Increases in clotting times were observed at 24 h in the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) followed by the thrombotest (TBT) and one-stage prothrombin time (PT) at 48 h. Elevated mean PTT, PT and TBT were observed from days 4 to 8 (p less than 0.05) with levels returning to pretreatment levels by day 12. Maximum prolongation was a fourfold increase in PTT (day 4), a 2.5-fold increase in TBT (day 6) and a twofold increase in PT (day 6). Thrombin clotting times remained unchanged. In two horses prolongation in clotting time did not normalize until day 23. The mean hematocrit (0.38 +/- 0.01 L/L) was decreased (p less than 0.05) from day 8 (0.33 +/- 0.02 L/L) to day 14 (0.33 +/- 0.01 L/L). The hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte numbers were decreased (p less than 0.05) from day 6 (20.1%, 17.6% respectively) to day 14 (22%, 20% respectively). Platelet counts decreased on day 6 (17.2%) to nine (14.6%). No other significant changes were observed in routine hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Peak plasma concentrations of BDF occurred 2 to 3 h after oral administration; two horses had detectable levels of BDF at nine days. Pharmacokinetic evaluation indicated that BDF has a half-life of 1.22 +/- 0.22 days, a body clearance of 1073.1 +/- 53.21 mL/kg/day, a volume of distribution of 1853.7 +/- 26.41 ng-day/mL and closely approximates a one-compartment model in the elimination phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Serum glucose and insulin responses to an insulin-containing ophthalmic solution administered topically in clinically normal cats     

P E Hopper  C J Murphy  E C Feldman  R W Nelson  G D Bottoms  C E Franti 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(6):903-907

Serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin concentrations were monitored after topical administration of an insulin-containing ophthalmic solution in 20 clinically normal cats. Three ophthalmic surface-acting agents, benzalkonium chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, and proparacaine hydrochloride, were evaluated individually for their effectiveness in enhancing absorption of topically applied insulin. The ophthalmic effects of insulin-containing ophthalmic preparations were assessed by complete ophthalmic examination before and at the conclusion of each test period. Withholding of food overnight (12 hours) preceded each topical application of insulin-containing ophthalmic solution (12.25 to 26.4 U/cat), either alone or in combination with surface-acting agents, after which blood samples were drawn serially from an indwelling IV catheter over a period of 8 hours. Baseline serum insulin concentration, after food was withheld for 12 hours, in nonstressed cats was 6.0 microU/ml (geometric mean), and an exponentiation of the logarithmic quantity (mean +/- SD) yielded values of 1.5 to 23.0 microU/ml. All ophthalmic solutions tested failed to significantly lower serum glucose concentration or increase serum insulin concentration. Solutions used did not induce deleterious effect on ocular structures. Results indicate that topical administration of insulin-containing ophthalmic solution, either alone at the concentrations used or in combination with surface-acting agents, did not result in effective absorption of insulin across the conjunctival and lacrimal nasal mucosa in biologically relevant quantities. Thus, this route of insulin administration, under these specific conditions, is not an effective alternative or adjunct to SC administration of insulin for treatment of cats with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or severe noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

Induction by antigen of intrathymic apoptosis of CD4+CD8+TCRlo thymocytes in vivo   总被引：83，自引：0，他引：83  

K M Murphy  A B Heimberger  D Y Loh 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4988):1720-1723

In order to examine the mechanisms by which clonal deletion of autoreactive T cells occurs, a peptide antigen was used to induce deletion of antigen-reactive thymocytes in vivo. Mice transgenic for a T cell receptor (TCR) that reacts to this peptide contain thymocytes that progress from the immature to the mature phenotype. Intraperitoneal administration of the peptide antigen to transgenic mice results in a rapid deletion of the immature CD4+ CD8+ TCRlo thymocytes. Apoptosis of cortical thymocytes can be seen within 20 hours of treatment. These results provide direct evidence for the in vivo role of apoptosis in the development of antigen-induced tolerance.  相似文献   

The Potato Association of America Annual Report-Editorial Office July 1, 1993–June 30, 1994     

Hugh Murphy 《American Journal of Potato Research》1994,71(11):781-781

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