The black fig fly Silba adipata (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) as an emerging pest in Tunisia: preliminary data on geographic distribution,bioecology and damage     

Abbes  Khaled  Hafsi  Abir  Harbi  Ahlem  Mars  Messaoud  Chermiti  Brahim 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(1):49-59

Phytoparasitica - Frugivorous fruit flies are considered among the most damaging pests of cultivated fruit crops. The most studied ones are those belonging to the Tephritidae family such as the...  相似文献   

Egg production, egg quality and crop content of Rhode Island Red hens grazing on natural tropical vegetation     

Khaled Abouelezz Fouad Mohammed  Luis Sarmiento-Franco  Ronald Santos-Ricalde  Javier Francisco Solorio-Sanchez 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):367-372

The aim of this experiment was to study the suitability of the outdoor system for Rhode Island Red hens under the tropical conditions of southern Mexico. Twelve floor pens, each containing four birds, were divided randomly into two groups. The first group was raised indoors only, while each of the second group replicates had access to an outdoor area with natural-grown vegetation from 0800 to 1700 hours daily. Both groups fed ad libitum on a commercial layers diet. The results revealed no differences in body weight between treatments. The outdoor group recorded significantly higher egg laying rate (86.90 vs. 78.05 %), higher egg mass (50.66 vs. 45.30 g egg/hen/day), and higher feed intake (103.70 vs. 97.67 g/day) versus the indoor group. The outdoor group had eggs with darker yellow yolks (9.46 vs. 5.46), lower yolk, and higher albumen proportions (P?<?0.05) versus the indoor group. The crop content of the outdoor hens consisted of 86.55 % concentrated feed, 6.30 % plant material, 2.27 % grit stones, 1.69 % snails and oyster shells, 1.25 % seeds, 0.95 % farm wastes, and 0.99 % insects, worms, and larvae. Of the outdoor hens, 43.1 % was observed to be in the range at each scanning time. The outdoor system in the tropics had beneficial effects on Rhode Island Red hen performance, and the hens utilized the outdoor area effectively and obtained various feed items.  相似文献   

From in vitro hepatic metabolic studies towards human health risk assessment: Two case studies of diuron and carbosulfan     

Khaled M. Abass 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

Risk assessment of environmental pollutants is an absolutely essential tool in the overall process of protecting public health. Risk assessment needs reliable scientific information and one source of information is the characterization of metabolic fate and toxicokinetics of environmental pollutants. The aim of in vitro characterization is to produce relevant information on metabolism and interactions to anticipate and ultimately predict what happens in vivo in humans. Because human data is most appropriate to improve human risk assessment, the best option is to rely upon human-derived in vitro models and obtain quantitative toxicokinetics data from in vitro systems for the comparison between species or individuals. In short, based on our studies of pesticide metabolism and interactions, we have used in vitro metabolism data in human and animal hepatic in vitro models and clearance testing data to calculate chemical-specific adjustment factors, instead of fixed uncertainty factors, to be employed as an alternative and more realistic model for human health risk assessment of pesticides and other environmental pollutants.  相似文献   

The relationship between serum biotin and oxidant/antioxidant activities in bovine lameness     

Al-Qudah KM  Ismail ZB 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):138-141

Serum biotin concentrations, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in 36 dairy cows, 18 of them were healthy and served as control. In the 18 cows with lameness problems, there were 5 cows with interdigital necrobacillosis, 5 cows with subsolar abscessation, 2 cows with solar ulcers, 2 cows with white line disease, 2 cows with chronic laminitis and 2 cows with septic arthritis. The degree of lameness was estimated to be slight in 3 cows, moderate in 11 cows and severe in 4 cows. Plasma fibrinogen levels and TBARS concentrations were increased significantly (P≤0.05) in lame cows compared to control group. The antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px, and CAT concentrations were increased significantly (P≤0.05) in lame cows. The level of reduced glutathione and the activity of SOD were significantly decreased in affected cows compared to healthy ones. Serum biotin levels in healthy cows ranged from 2.25 to 3.5ng/ml while in lame cows, biotin levels ranged from 1.17 to 2.3ng/ml. Biotin levels correlated positively with blood GSH (r=0.870, P≤0.05), (r=0.735, P≤0.05) and with GSH-Px (r=0.539, P≤0.05), (r=0.637, P≤0.05) and with SOD (r=0.637, P≤0.05), (r=0.449, P≤0.05) and with catalase (r=0.533, P≤0.05), (r=0.585, P≤0.05) in both healthy and lameness affected subjects, respectively.  相似文献   

Pathology and molecular diagnosis of paratuberculosis of camels     

Alharbi KB  Al-Swailem A  Al-Dubaib MA  Al-Yamani E  Al-Naeem A  Shehata M  Hashad ME  Albusadah KA  Mahmoud OM 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):173-177

Camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including Saudi Arabia. Paratuberculosis of camels, locally called Silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the Arabian camel. Six camels were used in this study. Five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology. The sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. The camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological and blood chemistry analysis. They were then humanely killed with a high intravenous dose of thiopental sodium (10 mg/kg) for pathological studies as well as obtaining tissues for microbiological and molecular studies. The clinical signs of the disease were emaciation, diarrhoea, alopecia, wry neck and pale mucous membranes. Laboratory diagnosis showed reduced haemoglobin concentration, low haematocrit and high activity of the serum enzyme alanine aminotransferase. Serum creatinine concentration was normal. These results indicated the infected camels were anaemic and the function of their livers was affected. Postmortem examination showed thickened and corrugated intestinal mucosa, enlarged granulomatous mesenteric lymph nodes, miliary and diffuse granulomas in the liver (in four camels), generalized lymph node granulomas (in one camel), splenic granuloma (in one camel) and mediastinal lymph node granuloma (in two camels). Histopathological examination showed diffuse infiltration of macrophages in all organs showing lesions. Ziehl–Neelsen staining of tissue scraping and tissue sections showed masses of acid fast bacilli, except for the spleen. Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was confirmed by PCR by targeting the IS900 gene.  相似文献   

Yield stability of faba bean lines under diverse broomrape prone production environments     

Fouad Maalouf  Shaaban KhalilSeid Ahmed  Akinnola N. AkintundeMohammed Kharrat  Khaled El Shama’aSamir Hajjar  Rajinder S. Malhotra 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(3):288-294

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in many parts of the world. Its production and productivity are affected by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) causes yield losses of 7- 80% in major faba bean growing countries mainly in the Mediterranean Basin and Nile Valley countries. Host plant resistance is found to be the most effective and economic method of broomrape control. Efforts made at the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas over many years to develop advanced breeding lines with acceptable resistance and tolerance levels to broomrape have resulted in the identification of several useful breeding lines. These lines were shared with National Agricultural Research Systems (Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia and Portugal) as part of the Faba Bean Orobanche International Nursery, in order to test their stability across three seasons (2005, 2006 and 2007). The results showed that Orobanche plant number, dry weight, Orobanche index, flowering date, maturing date and grain yield were significantly different among lines and locations. AMMI analysis showed that some lines derived from hybrid bulk populations “HBP/DS0/2000” and “HBP/ES0/2000” showed acceptable levels of yield stability in the presence of Orobanche infections across all environments compared with susceptible check. In highly infested soils, the tolerant and resistant lines gave acceptable levels of yield compared with the susceptible check. However, the yield potential of resistant and tolerant lines in non-infested soils was lower than the highly susceptible check.  相似文献   

Evaluation of different diagnostic methods for diagnosis of Lumpy skin disease in cows     

Awad  Walid S.  Ibrahim  Adel K.  Mahran  Khaled  Fararh  Khaled M.  Abdel Moniem  Mervet I. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):777-783

Viral isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), dot blot hybridization (DBH), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) were used for the diagnosis of lumpy skin disease in clinically infected, fevered, and apparently normal dairy cows. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated from skin biopsies and blood samples collected from clinically infected cows in percentages of 72% and 20%, respectively. The virus recovered from blood samples collected from fevered cows in percentage of 33.3%. Both PCR and DBH detected viral DNA in 100% of skin biopsies collected from clinically infected cows whereas the detection rates in blood samples collected from clinically infected animals were 100% and 84% using PCR and DBH, respectively. Viral DNA was detected in blood samples collected from fevered cows using PCR and DBH in percentages of 77.8% and 66.6%, respectively. Only 19.1% of blood samples collected from in-contact cows was positive for both of PCR and DBH. Detection rates of antibodies against LSDV using iELISA in serum samples collected from clinically infected and fevered cows were 56% and 11.1%, respectively, whereas all in-contact cows had no antibodies against the virus.  相似文献   

Chemical composition of volatile extract and biological activities of volatile and less-volatile extracts of juniper berry (Juniperus drupacea L.) fruit     

El-Ghorab A  Shaaban HA  El-Massry KF  Shibamoto T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5021-5025

Volatile chemicals in a dichloromethane extract from a steam distillate of juniper berry fruit (Juniperus drupacea L.) and its two column chromatographic fractions (eluted with hexane and ethyl ether) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The major compounds in the dichloromethane extract were alpha-pinene (23.73%), thymol methyl ether (17.32%), and camphor (10.12%). A fraction eluted with hexane contained alpha-pinene (44.24%) as the major constituent. A fraction eluted with ethyl ether had thymol methyl ether (22.27%) and camphor (19.65%) as the main components. Three samples prepared from the distillate and two additional samples prepared by petroleum ether and ethanol extraction directly from juniper berry fruits exhibited clear antioxidant activities with dose response in both 1,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl and beta-carotene assays. All samples except the hexane fraction showed comparable activities to that of the synthetic antioxidant t-butyl hydroquinone at a level of 200 microg/mL in the two testing systems. The extracts of dichloromethane, petroleum ether, and ethanol exhibited appreciable antimicrobial activities against six microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/mL (volatile extract against Candida albicans ) to 1.2 mg/mL (ethanol extract against Aspergillus niger ). The results of the present study suggest that this fruit could be a natural antioxidant supplement for foods and beverages.  相似文献   

Corn Wastes and Peanut Shell as Growing Media for Production of Red Radish Plants in Soilless System     

Khaled A. Farghly  Hala H. Gomah  Mohamed M.M. Ahmed  Reham M. Abdalla 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(13):1799-1810

ABSTRACT

Peat is considered the conventional growing medium in most soilless culture systems. The high cost of peat and the urgent need of agricultural wastes recycling encouraged the scientists and soilless culture users to search for an alternative growth medium where optimal growth conditions are achieved and help in the safe disposal of wastes. In the current study, peanut shell (PS) and corn wastes (CW) were used as growing media in comparison to peat moss (PM). The tested organic wastes and peat moss were examined with sand at three mixing ratios (1:1 “M₁”, 1:2 “M₂” and 1:3 “M₃” raw material: washed sand, respectively). Red radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) plant were cultivated in 5 kg pots filled with the instigated growing media. Most of the recoded growth parameters were found in PS and PM growing media, while the lowest ones were found in CW. PS medium contained available N and P higher by 141 and 29% above the PM media. Although the peat moss gave the highest values in the measured growth characteristics, its high price decreased the net profit. The highest net profit value was obtained from PSM₂ followed by PSM₁ and PSM₃. According to the obtained results, the characteristics of the growth media derived from peanut shell qualify them for use in the production of red radish in soilless culture systems.  相似文献   

Haematological and biochemical changes in buffalo calves inoculated with Sarcocystis fusiformis from cats     

M I Dessouky  A H Mohamed  A M Nassar  M Hilali 《Veterinary parasitology》1984,14(1):1-6

Two groups of buffalo calves were infected with Sarcocystis fusiformis sporocysts. Animals of the first group received each 5 X 10(5) sporocysts, those of the second group 5 million sporocysts. All calves were clinically normal during 6 weeks after infection. Minor changes were observed in the blood cytology, serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total proteins, urea and glucose of infected buffalo calves.  相似文献