Antiinflammatory activity and acute toxicity of Dodonaea viscosa     

Khalil NM  Sperotto JS  Manfron MP 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(6):478-480

The hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa, given by oral route at dose of 300 mg/kg, significantly inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenin injection. The extract did not show any sign of toxicity in mice up to 5000 mg/kg p.o. This result seems to support the use of D. viscosa leaves ethanolic extract in relieving inflammation.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity of Maytenus ilicifolia root bark     

Vellosa JC  Khalil NM  Formenton VA  Ximenes VF  Fonseca LM  Furlan M  Brunetti IL  Oliveira OM 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(3):243-244

Maytenus ilicifolia is an important plant with potential on cancer treatment and has been largely used in Brazil and other countries. We have evaluated the crude ethanolic extract of M. ilicifolia as a potential antioxidant source using an assay based on the bleaching of the radical monocation 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(*+)) and by HOCl scavenger capacity. Trolox and uric acid were used as positive controls. The results indicated M. ilicifolia root bark as a great source of antioxidants based on its potential as scavenger of radicals.  相似文献   

Iconic CO2 time series at risk     

S Houweling  B Badawy  DF Baker  S Basu  D Belikov  P Bergamaschi  P Bousquet  G Broquet  T Butler  JG Canadell  J Chen  F Chevallier  P Ciais  GJ Collatz  S Denning  R Engelen  IG Enting  ML Fischer  A Fraser  C Gerbig  M Gloor  AR Jacobson  DB Jones  M Heimann  A Khalil  T Kaminski  PS Kasibhatla  NY Krakauer  M Krol  T Maki  S Maksyutov  A Manning  A Meesters  JB Miller  PI Palmer  P Patra  W Peters  P Peylin  Z Poussi  MJ Prather  JT Randerson  T Röckmann  C Rödenbeck  JL Sarmiento  DS Schimel  M Scholze  A Schuh  P Suntharalingam 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1038-1040

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Screening techniques and sources of resistance against parasitic weeds in grain legumes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Diego Rubiales  Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque  Mónica Fernández-Aparico  Josefina C. Sillero  Belén Román  Mohamed Kharrat  Shaban Khalil  Daniel M. Joel  Charlie Riches 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):187-199

Summary A number of parasitic plants have become weeds, posing severe constraints to major crops including grain legumes. Breeding for resistance is acknowledged as the major component of an integrated control strategy. However, resistance against most parasitic weeds is difficult to access, scarce, of complex nature and of low heritability, making breeding for resistance a difficult task. As an exception, resistance against Striga gesnerioides based on a single gene has been identified in cowpea and widely exploited in breeding. In other crops, only moderate to low levels of incomplete resistance of complex inheritance against Orobanche species has been identified. This has made selection more difficult and has slowed down the breeding process, but the quantitative resistance resulting from tedious selection procedures has resulted in the release of cultivars with useful levels of incomplete resistance. Resistance is a multicomponent event, being the result of a battery of escape factors or resistance mechanisms acting at different levels of the infection process. Understanding these will help to detect existing genetic diversity for mechanisms that hamper infection. The combination of different resistance mechanisms into a single cultivar will provide durable resistance in the field. This can be facilitated by the use of in vitro screening methods that allow highly heritable resistance components to be identified, together with adoption of marker-assisted selection techniques.  相似文献   

N2O, NH3 and NO x Emissions as a Function of Urea Granule Size and Soil Type under Aerobic Conditions     

M. I. Khalil  U. Schmidhalter  R. Gutser 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,180(1-4):295-297

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Influence of electrical conductivity on biological activity of Pythium ultimum and Binab T in a closed soilless system     

Khalil  Sammar 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2011,118(3-4):102-108

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The effects of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution on the performance of the commercial biocontrol product Binab T against the root...  相似文献   

Atmospheric trace gases in antarctica     

Rasmussen RA  Khalil MA  Dalluge RW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,211(4479):285-287

Trace gases have been measured, by electron-capture gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, at the South Pole (SP) in Antarctica and in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) ( approximately 45 degrees N) during January of each year from 1975 to 1980. These measurements show that the concentrations of CCl(3)F, CCl(2)F(2), and CH(3)CCl(3) have increased exponentially at substantial rates. The concentration of CCl(3)F increased at 12 percent per year at the SP and at 8 percent per year in the PNW; CCl(2)F(2) increased at about 9 percent per year at both locations, and CH(3)CCl(3) increased at 17 percent per year at the SP and 11.6 percent per year at the PNW site. There is some evidence that CCl(4) ( approximately 3 percent per year) and N(2)O (0.1 to 0.5 percent per year) may also have increased. Concentrations of nine other trace gases of importance in atmospheric chemistry are also being measured at these two locations. Results of the measurements of CHClF(2)(F-22), C(2)Cl(3)F(3)(F-113), SF(6), C(2)-hydrocarbons, and CH(3)Cl are reported here.  相似文献   

Carbon Monoxide in the Earth's Atmosphere: Increasing Trend     

Khalil MA  Rasmussen RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4644):54-56

The results of an analysis of more than 60,000 atmospheric measurements of carbon monoxide taken over 3(1/2) years at Cape Meares, Oregon (45 degrees N, 125 degrees W), indicate that the background concentration of this gas is increasing. The rate of increase, although uncertain, is about 6 percent per year on average. Human activities are the likely cause of a substantial portion of this observed increase; however, because of the short atmospheric lifetime of carbon monoxide and the relatively few years of observations, fluctuations of sources and sinks related to the natural variability of climate may have affected the observed trend. Increased carbon monoxide may deplete tropospheric hydroxyl radicals, slowing down the removal of dozens of man-made and anthropogenic trace gases and thus indirectly affecting the earth's climate and possibly the stratospheric ozone layer.  相似文献   

Interannual variability of atmospheric methane: possible effects of the el nino--southern oscillation     

Khalil MA  Rasmussen RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4746):56-58

Nearly continuous measurements at Cape Meares, Oregon, revealed that methane was increasing in the earth's atmosphere and that its concentration varied cyclically with the seasons. After 6 years of measurements, results show that the rate of increase in methane undergoes interannual variations; the most prominent of these coincided with the last major El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, when methane concentrations fell far below expected levels. One of the consequences of the interannual variability is that the long-term rate of increase at Cape Meares is now about 16 parts per billion by volume per year, or about 1 percent annually, which is significantly less than that indicated by the earliest calculations.  相似文献   

Dietary Supplementation of Brown Seaweed and/or Nucleotides Improved Shrimp Performance,Health Status and Cold-Tolerant Gene Expression of Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp during the Winter Season     

Mohamed Abdel-Rahim  Omar Bahattab  Fatma Nossir  Yahya Al-Awthan  Riad H. Khalil  Radi Mohamed 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Sargassum polycystum and nucleotides- supplemented diets to improve immune response and cold-tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Four treatments were evaluated: T1, the control, shrimp received only a basal diet; T2, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides; T3, a basal diet with 500 ppm S. polycystum powdered; T4, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides and 500 ppm S. polycystum powdered. Shrimp were fed experimental diets for 56 days. Results revealed shrimp fed T4 diet exhibited the best significant improvement in water quality, survival, growth, and feed utilization indices followed by T2, and T3, while T1 showed the worst values. Additionally, nonspecific immune responses (phagocytosis (%), lysozyme, phenoloxidase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total nitric oxide) were improved with 1.7–3.2-fold in T4 higher than T1. Histomorphology of hepatopancreas in T4 showed the most increased activation of the hepatic glandular duct system compared with the other treatments. Moreover, nucleotides/seaweed-supplemented diets upregulated relative expression of cMnSOD, Penaeidin4, and heat shock protein70 (HSP70) genes, while translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was downregulated. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of both S. polycystum and nucleotides have many advantages as a growth promoter, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and cold-tolerant stimulant to L. vannamei.  相似文献